Questões de Concursos 2016

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following text carefully and then choose the correct answer. 
Leonardo da Vinci

Known as the greatest artist in the history of mankind, Leonardo da Vinci was also a great philosopher and scientist. Leonardo is the most influential figure in the Italian Renaissance and he is considered to be an inventive multi-genius.
Leonardo was born in 1452 in Vinci, Italy, as the child of Piero da Vinci, a notary, and Caterina, a country girl. He stayed with his father’s family and they moved to Florence when he was just 12. At the age of 14, Leonardo started out his artist’s apprenticeship at the studio of Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-1488), an Italian sculptor, goldsmith and painter.
The art of painting made Leonardo knowledgeable about anatomy and perspective. In addition to painting, Verrocchio’s studio also offered technical and mechanical arts and sculpture. Leonardo had developed an interest in architecture so he went on to study engineering. 
After a decade of highly original work as an artist, Leonardo wrote to several wealthy men to help finance his projects. The Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza (1452-1508), accepted his offer as Leonardo told him that he could design war weapons like guns and mines, and also structures like collapsible bridges. He lived in Milan with the Duke from 1482 to 1508, reportedly creating very innovational war machines. He also did painting and sculpture, as well as urban planning for large-scale water projects. There, he also wrote about making a telescope to view the moon.

Available at: < http://www.famousscientists.org/leonardo-da-vinci> (Edited).

Texto I
Atividade humana causa “marcas evidentes” no registro geológico

      A atividade humana alterou os sistemas naturais da Terra a tal ponto e deixou marcas tão evidentes no registro geológico do planeta que, se os especialistas assim decidirem, as gerações futuras não deverão ter problemas em identificar o chamado Antropoceno, a “era dos humanos”. Esta é a conclusão de uma equipe internacional de cientistas após uma revisão de diversos estudos relacionados ao assunto, publicada na edição desta semana da revista “Science”.
      Cunhado pelo biólogo americano Eugene F. Stoermer no início dos anos 1980, o termo Antropoceno faz referência à maneira como os geólogos nomeiam os vários éons, eras, períodos, épocas e idades pelas quais a Terra passou nos seus cerca de 4,6 bilhões de anos de existência. De lá para cá, ele tem sido usado com cada vez mais frequência por pesquisadores e profissionais das mais variadas áreas para destacar como a Humanidade está mudando nosso planeta.

(Cesar Baima, O Globo, 08/01/2016)