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21Q1024320 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Área 06 e 24 Português Inglês, IF Sul Rio Grandense, IF Sul Rio Grandense, 2025

Swan (2005) explains that phonology is the study of the sound systems of languages, particularly how sounds function to convey meaning. This involves analyzing the arrangement and patterns of sounds (phonemes) in a particular language.
Which phonological process is responsible for the phenomenon where the sound /t/ is pronounced as [ʧ] (a voiceless postalveolar affricate) in the word "nature" due to the influence of the following /ʊr/?
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25Q1022546 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Inglês, Prefeitura de Itapevi SP, VUNESP, 2025

Texto associado.
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


ELF: English as a lingua franca


The Vienna Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE), a collection of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) currently under construction, defines lingua franca as an additionally acquired language system that serves as a means of communication for speakers from different speech communities, who use it to communicate with each other but for whom it is not their native language.

Early findings from the VOICE corpus tentatively identify a number of features which point to systematic lexicogrammatical differences between native-speaker English and ELF, for example dropping the third person present tense ‘s’ (e.g. she wear), omitting definite and indefinite articles, insertion of prepositions (e.g. can we discuss about this issue). These features are not a threat to comprehension, as they involve typical errors that most English teachers would correct and remediate. However, Seidlhofer (2004) points out that they appear to be generally unproblematic and do not cause an obstacle to communicative success in ELF.

The work of Jenkins (1996, 2000, 2004, 2005) has also been very influential in relation to the teaching of pronunciation for ELF. Her research finds that a number of items common to most native-speaker varieties of English were not necessary in successful ELF interactions; for example, the substitution of voiceless and voiced th with /t/ or /s/ and /d/ or /z/ (e.g. think became sink or tink, and this became dis or zis). Jenkins argues that such features occur regularly in ELF interactions and do not cause intelligibility problems.

Problems may arise in the (perhaps unfair) equation between a reduced or ‘stripped down’ ELF syllabus and an impoverished experience of the L2. Indeed, it could be argued that learners of any language always end up producing less than the input they are exposed to, and that if that input itself is deliberately restricted, then even less will be the outcome.


(O’KEEFFE, A., MCCARTHY, M. & CARTER, R. From corpus to classroom. Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge, CUP. 2007. Adaptado)
Das palavras a seguir, retiradas do texto, assinale aquela em que as vogais /ea/ em negrito possuem a mesma pronúncia encontrada na palavra feature.
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26Q1022559 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Professor de Inglês Lageado e Sede, Prefeitura de Rio Negro PR, OBJETIVA, 2025

Texto associado.

The mysterious death of Alexander the Great


When Alexander the Great’s body seemingly remained unchanged for six days after his death in 323 BCE, his contemporaries could offer only one explanation. Alexander must have been a god. So… was he?

Alexander the Great first fell ill during a days-long series of parties, during one of which he collapsed, complaining of a searing pain in his back. After 10 days of intense fever, Alexander’s soldiers were brought in to see him one final time. As reported by the historian Arrian, at that point the king “could no longer speak… but he struggled to raise his head and gave each man a greeting with his eyes.”

When Alexander was declared dead on June 13, theories began forming. Had he been poisoned? Sabotaged? Had he been killed by drinking too much wine? Today we have an explanation for Alexander’s death and his period of bodily freshness that relies less on the supernatural and more on science. In 2018 Dr. Katherine Hall, a lecturer in New Zealand, proposed that Alexander the Great had Guillain-Barré syndrome, an acute autoimmune condition that results in muscle paralysis. In other words, Alexander may have been alive when he was declared dead—a mistake that could have been made when physicians mistook the shallow breathing of a coma patient for no breathing at all. If this was the case, Alexander may have been effectively murdered during embalming—a process that would have seen him disemboweled.

While we can’t travel back in time to confirm Hall’s theory, it is the only one that takes into account all the details of Alexander’s death—and his body’s mysterious life.


Encyclopaedia Britannica. Adaptation

Throughout the text, an apostrophe and “s” are seen. What does that indicate?
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27Q1022337 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Professor de Língua Inglesa, SEEC RN, FGV, 2025

Texto associado.

READ TEXT III AND ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS IT:

Plastic Dreams


by Sarah Thompson

Plastic dreams, oh plastic dreams, a vision turned nightmare,


Once a symbol of progress, now a burden we must bear.


Our landfills overflow with your synthetic remains,


A haunting testament to our unsustainable chains.


Plastic dreams, oh plastic dreams, a promise unfulfilled,


Your convenience a facade, your consequences concealed.


Let us wake from this slumber, this toxic desire,


To create a world where nature's essence can inspire.


In our hands lies the power, to choose a different fate,


To abandon plastic dreams and embrace a sustainable state.


For only through conscious choices, can we break this vicious spell,


And ensure a future where our planet and poetry can dwell.



From: https://poemverse.org/poems-about-plasticwaste/#2_the_sea_s_lament_by_michael_anderson

The vowel sound in “bear” (2nd line) is the same as in
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29Q1022362 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Língua Portuguesa e Inglês, Prefeitura de São Miguel Arcanjo SP, Avança SP, 2025

Read the following sets of words and analyze their vowel sounds.

1 - cat, hat, map
2 - sheep, meet, deed
3 - cup, luck, bus

Which statement describes the vowel sounds in these word sets?
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30Q1022363 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Língua Portuguesa e Inglês, Prefeitura de São Miguel Arcanjo SP, Avança SP, 2025

Consider the pronunciation of the following irregular verbs and their forms:

Lead – Led, led
Feed – Fed, fed
Bleed – Bled, bled
Breed – Bred, bred
Read – Read, read

Which statement is correct?
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31Q1022381 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de Bocaina do Sul SC, INAZ do Pará, 2025

The varieties of English exhibit significant phonological differences influenced by historical, regional, and cultural factors. These differences affect the pronunciation of specific sounds, rhythm, and intonation patterns.
Consider the following phonological characteristics and analyze the alternatives to identify the only CORRECT statement regarding the differences between British English (Received Pronunciation), American English (General American), and Australian English:
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34Q1024242 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Inglês, Prefeitura de Planalto Alegre SC, Instituto Fênix, 2025

A pragmática estuda o uso da linguagem em contextos específicos, considerando a intenção do falante e as implicações comunicativas.

No diálogo abaixo, qual é a implicatura gerada pela fala de B?

A: Are you going to the party tonight?

B: I have a lot of work to do.

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36Q908039 | Inglês, Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects, Inglês, Prefeitura de Pouso Alegre MG, Consulplan, 2024

Analyse the sentences to indicate the ones with inconsistencies.


a. I can not agree to you in this situation.

b. Adriane had been marrried to Phil for so long when he died.

c. We’re just at the time to catch the train to Liverpool.

d. Sophia invests her money in the stock market.

e. Have you ever been to Singapore, Leonard?

f. Although he is a senior citizen, he can run very fast.

g. She is not only overweight but also lazy.

h. Megan apologized to Hugh for being so rude.

i. Our neighbor was charged with assault and battery.

j. Bela is so charming and beautiful as her sister but she is not a model.

l. Since he was deeply furious I said nothing.

m. Stop peering at my e-mails, that’s not your business!

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37Q1024264 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Professor de Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Cocal do Sul SC, Unesc, 2024

What is the primary function of "scaffolding" in the context of teaching writing and speaking skills in English?
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38Q908045 | Inglês, Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects, Inglês, Prefeitura de Pouso Alegre MG, Consulplan, 2024

Read the dialogue.


A: So, I’ve decided that I’ll move to the big city to look for a dream job.

B: You know, that sounds like a good idea.

C: Well, actually you ought to make decisions about your future.

B: Right.

A: Anyway, I was wondering if either of you would help me find a furnished apartment to rent.

B: Look, I’m like...very busy during the week, I mean, I'm trying to catch up with my deadline.

C: I’m in the same boat.

A: What about the weekend? Say, Saturday afternoon? You both could take turns, and later we might grab some beers.

B: Fine with me!

C: Count me in!


The words reproducing pause, hesitation, redundancy, etc, present in the dialogue in abbreviated or full form are:

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39Q1024017 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Professor II Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Afogados da Ingazeira PE, IGEDUC, 2024

Regarding English grammar, judge the following item.

In English, the use of double negatives is generally considered grammatically incorrect and non-standard in formal writing and speech, but it is acceptable and commonly used in some dialects and informal contexts to emphasize a negative meaning.

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