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1221Q1018096 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Especialidade Análise de Sistemas, STM, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

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Text CG2A1-II

Virtual reality (VR) can, in its own imperfect ways, transport a user into distant experiences. One thing VR can’t yet do, however, is simulate the experience of eating lunch. But that could change thanks to a new “bio-integrated gustatory interface” device called e-Taste.
Researchers from Ohio State University created a small electromagnetic pump connected to a liquid channel of chemicals that, when mixed in the right ratios, can approximate the taste of coffee, lemonade, cake, and other food and drinks. That newly crafted chemical liquid is then pushed through via a gel. Users ultimately experience the taste as a liquid that sits in their mouth. And while an initial group of human test subjects struggled to accurately differentiate between different taste profiles, the study suggests a future VR steakhouse experience might not be as far-fetched as it sounds.
The researchers tested their new device on 10 volunteers and received mixed results. On the positive side, the test subjects were able to differentiate between various sour taste profile intensities with approximately 70 percent accuracy. The tests were less conclusive though when researchers asked participants to distinguish between flavors intended to represent cake, fried egg, coffee, and fish soup. That discrepancy is not necessarily due entirely to poor device performance, though. Even in the physical world, taste is inherently subjective. Factors such as smell, memory, and visual cues can influence how we perceive food. Two people might experience the taste of the same meal slightly differently. “Taste and smell are greatly related to human emotion and memory,” added one of the researchers. “So our sensor has to learn to capture, control, and store all that information.”
The e-Taste researchers believe their device could also have applications beyond video games. Theoretically, the technology could one day allow users to virtually taste-test items before ordering them. Medical professionals might also use the device to remotely assess whether patients have lost certain aspects of taste, which could be an early indicator of illness. Additionally, the device could serve as an aid in reintroducing taste sensations to individuals with certain neurological disorders or illnesses, such as long COVID, that have impaired their ability to taste food.

Internet: <popsci.com> (adapted).

According to text CG2A1-II, judge the item that follow.
The device was projected to aid those who have lost their sense of taste in recovering it.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

1222Q1023728 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Ciências Contábeis, TCE GO, FGV, 2024

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READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER QUESTION:


Artificial intelligence and the future of humanity

Thinking and learning about artificial intelligence are the mental equivalent of a fission chain reaction. The questions get really big, really quickly.

The most familiar concerns revolve around short-term impacts: the opportunities for economic productivity, health care, manufacturing, education, solving global challenges such as climate change and, on the flip side, the risks of mass unemployment, disinformation, killer robots, and concentrations of economic and strategic power.

Each of these is critical, but they’re only the most immediate considerations. The deeper issue is our capacity to live meaningful, fulfilling lives in a world in which we no longer have intelligence supremacy.

As long as humanity has existed, we’ve had an effective monopoly on intelligence. We have been, as far as we know, the smartest entities in the universe.

At its most noble, this extraordinary gift of our evolution drives us to explore, discover and expand. Over the past roughly 50,000 years—accelerating 10,000 years ago and then even more steeply from around 300 years ago—we’ve built a vast intellectual empire made up of science, philosophy, theology, engineering, storytelling, art, technology and culture.

If our civilisations—and in varying ways our individual lives—have meaning, it is found in this constant exploration, discovery and intellectual expansion.

Intelligence is the raw material for it all. But what happens when we’re no longer the smartest beings in the universe? We haven’t yet achieved artificial general intelligence (AGI)—the term for an AI that could do anything we can do. But there’s no barrier in principle to doing so, and no reason it wouldn’t quickly outstrip us by orders of magnitude.

Even if we solve the economic equality questions through something like a universal basic income and replace notions of ‘paid work’ with ‘meaningful activity’, how are we going to spend our lives in ways that we find meaningful, given that we’ve evolved to strive and thrive and compete?


Adapted from https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/artificialintelligence-and-the-future-of-humanity/
The expression “such as” in “such as climate change” (2nd paragraph) can be replaced without significant change in meaning by
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

1223Q1022710 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Brusque SC, FEPESE, 2024

Read the following paragraph about English learning in Brazil according to the Statutory and the National Curricular Guidelines.

“The Statutory and National Curricular Guidelines make the teaching of a foreign language at elementary and high school ...................... However, teachers and experts acknowledge that English teaching - both public and private - is unable to provide students with a ....................... level of English. They identify similar reasons to those that cause other problems in basic education: the lack of language teaching equipment and ........................ classrooms.”

Mark the alternative that contains the correct missing words in the paragraph.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

1224Q1022967 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, UFF, COSEAC, 2024

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TEXT 2

Workplace Burnout Survey

Burnout without borders


Deloitte’s external survey explores the drivers and impact of prolonged, unmanageable stress that may lead to employee burnout.

Deloitte’s marketplace survey on burnout

Professionals today are undoubtedly feeling the pressure of an ‘always on’ work culture, causing stress and sometimes leading to burnout.

Deloitte’s external marketplace survey of 1,000 full-time US professionals explores the drivers and impact of employee burnout, while also providing insight into the benefits and programs employees feel can help prevent or alleviate burnout versus those their companies are currently offering.


The findings indicate that 77 percent of respondents say they have experienced employee burnout at their current job, with more than half citing more than one occurrence. The survey also uncovered that employers may be missing the mark whenit comes to developing well-being programs that their employees find valuable to address stress in the workplace.

Additionally, the survey found that:


  • Employee burnout has no boundaries: 91 percent of respondents say having an unmanageable amount of stress or frustration negatively impacts the quality of their work. 83 percent of respondents say burnout from work can negatively impact their personal relationships.


  • Passion may not prevent workplace stress: 87 percent of professionals surveyed say they have passion for their current job but 64 percent say they are frequently stressed, dispelling the myth that passionate employees are immune to stress or burnout.


  • Many companies may not be doing enough to minimize burnout: Nearly 70 percent of professionals feel their employers are not doing enough to prevent or alleviate burnout within their organization. 21 percent of respondents say their company does not offer any programs or initiatives to prevent or alleviate burnout.
  • Companies should consider workplace culture, not just well-being programs: One in four professionals say they never or rarely take all of their vacation days. The top driver of burnout cited in the survey is lack of support or recognition from leadership, indicating the important role that leaders play in setting the tone.


  • Burnout affects millennial retention: 84 percent of millennials say they have experienced burnout at their current job, compared to 77 percent of all respondents. Nearly half of millennials say they have left a job specifically because they felt burned out, compared to 42 percent of all respondents.


from: <https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/burnout-survey.html> Access: 08 Dec., 2023. Adapted

The percentage of respondents in Deloitte’s marketplace survey that reported experiencing employee burnout at their current job, with more than one occurrence is
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

1225Q1022715 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Brusque SC, FEPESE, 2024

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Google News, Thursday, June 16, 2021


Teaching methods keep changing with the times,................... the blackboard of the old days ........... electronic teaching today. Mr. Kam, physics instructor the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is one of those who has changed ......... the times.


Mr. Kam employs a two-pronged approach. First, he uses multimedia teaching materials during lectures. Second, he arranges internships for undergraduates. These can take the form of learning assistantships at the university or teaching assistantships at secondary schools, and also there’s always the odd science project at the Space Museum.

The initiatives have earned him the Faculty Exemplary Teaching Award 2020. A CUHK alumnus, he is grateful for the chance to teach at the university after earning his doctoral degree there. His teaching position actually represents the fulfillment of a dream, for the status of professors during his days as a university student was extremely high and he could meet them only during lectures.

After being a teacher for 10 years, Mr. Kam has found no apparent regression in the learning abilities of students, but he believes teachers should not just force knowledge on students - they have to pay careful attention to their needs too.

The multimedia materials that Mr. Kam uses to illustrate his area of interest includes animation and video clips. He encourages students to read popular astronomy magazines and share any note-worthy content they find. Mr. Kam also gets his undergraduates to help prepare students sitting for physics papers in public exams or to help out on research projects undertaken by meteorological officers at the observatory.

He also arranges for his undergraduates to teach students from other faculties during physics liberal studies classes through talks and star-gazing expeditions. Such responsibilities serve two greater purposes.

First, undergraduates become even more motivated to learn when they find out they have to guide other students. Second, physics students are, unlike arts students, not at their best when called upon to express themselves. Acting as assistants allows them to practice their skills and build up their self- confidence.

I asked Mr. Kam what he found most satisfying in teaching.

And the answer is obvious. It is the deep friendship he forms with students. Mr. Kam says many former students still come back to see him occasionally despite being busy parents. He draws considerable satisfaction from seeing his students grow into mature adults.

For Mr. Kam, the best teachers will never find extracurricular activity a burden because the good work that is done today plants the seed for future generations.
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the text?

1. Mr. Kam has a master degree in physics at the Hong Kong University.
2. One of Mr. Kam’s pronged approach is the use of multimedia teaching materials during lectures.
3. Popular astronomy magazines are used by Mr. Kam’s students to encourage them to buildup their self confidence.
4. Undergraduate students can take assistantships by teaching at secondary school.
5. The most important motivation, that makes undergraduates to learn, is when they find out they have to guide other students.

Choose the alternative which contains the correct affirmatives.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

1226Q1025020 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Várzea Alegre CE, CEV URCA, 2024

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Text 6

The sociolinguistics of English as Lingua Franca (EFL) pronunciation.


As far as sociolinguistics is concerned, the first task is to problematise the notion of standard accent. Essentially there is no such thing as a ‘standard’ accent, merely prestige accents, primarily RP and General American English (GA), stigmatised accents both native and (more often) non-native (see Lippi-Green, 1997; Bonfiglio, 2002), and a range of variously tolerated regional and social accents between the two extremes. The so-called BritishEnglish standard accent (RP) is claimed nowadays to be used by a mere fraction of British Native Speakers (NSs), possibly only three per cent in its unmodified form (see Trudgill, 2002: 171). The vast majority of NSs of English speak with regionallyand/or socially-modified accents, whether tolerated or stigmatised. Clearly, then, the RP accent cannot be ‘standard’ in the sense of being a widely-used norm. Instead, ‘standard’ refers accent-wise to a level of pronunciation assumed by many to be better in some way than the others, and is thus standard only in the sense of a level of excellence to be aspired to. Excellence, however, is not something that can be measured linguistically: it is not intrinsic to an accent, but merely reflects the value judgements of the elitist group who habitually use it or would if they could.


It should be a matter for teachers and their learners to decide whether they wish to subscribe to the (linguistically-unsound) belief in the superiority of RP. In some communication contexts an RP accent will undoubtedly provide them with a social advantage. This is more likely to be the case if learners intend to use their English to communicate and blend in largely with NSs, especially if the communication will take place in NS countries. Even here, though, their awareness should be raised to the fact that the majority of NSs with whom they communicate will not have an RP accent. At the most, it will probably be regionallymodified RP. On the other hand, having been apprised of the facts of sociolinguistic variation, learners may prefer to project their own (L2) regional and social identity through their accent. In this case their goal is more likely to be an accent that retains a clear trace of their L1, provided that it does not threaten the intelligibility of their pronunciation in their target (probably ELF) communication contexts.


JENKINS, J. Teaching Pronunciation for English as a Lingua Franca: A Sociopolitical Perspective. In GNUTZMANN, C.; INTEMANN, F. (Org.) The Globalization of English and the English Language Classroom. Oxford: OUP, 2005. p. 145-158.

About the native speakers of English, the text says that they:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

1227Q1047551 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Cadete do Exército, ESCOLA NAVAL, Marinha

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Hard Lesson in Sleep for Teenagers

By Jane E. Brody October 20, 2014

Few Americans these days get the hours of sleep optimal for their age, but experts agree that teenagers are more likely to fall short than anyone else.

Researchers report that the average adolescent needs eight and a half to nine and a half hours of sleep each night. However, in a poll taken in 2006 by the National Sleep Foundation, less than 20 percent reported getting that much rest on school nights. With the profusion of personal electronics, the current percentage is believed to be even worse. A study in Fairfax, Va., found that only 6 percent of children in the 10th grade and only 3 percent in the 12th grade get the recommended amount of sleep. Two in three teens were found to be severely sleep-deprived, losing two or more hours of sleep every night. The causes can be biological, behavioral or environmental. The effect on the well-being of adolescents — on their health and academic potential — can be profound.

Insufficient sleep in adolescence increases the risks of high blood pressure and heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity, said Dr. Owens, pediatric sleep specialist at Children's National Health System in Washington. Sleeplessness is also linked to risk-taking behavior, depression, suicidal ideation and car accidents. Insufficient sleep also impairs judgment, decision-making skills and the ability to curb impulses, which are "in a critical stage of development in adolescence," Dr. Owens said. With the current intense concern about raising academic achievement, it is worth noting that a study by Kyla Wahlstrom of 9,000 students in eight Minnesota public high schools showed that starting school a half-hour later resulted in an hour's more sleep a night and an increase in the students' grade point averages and standardized test scores.

When children reach puberty, a shift in circadian rhythm makes it harder for them to fall asleep early enough to get the requisite number of hours and still make it to school on time. A teenager’s sleep-wake cycle can shift as much as two hours, making it difficult to fall asleep before 11 p.m. If school starts at 8 or 8:30, it is not possible to get enough sleep. Based on biological sleep needs, a teenager who goes to sleep at 11 p.m, should be getting up around 8 a.m.

Adding to the adolescent shift in circadian rhythm are myriad electronic distractions that cut further into sleep time, like smartphones, iPods, computers and televisions. A stream of text messages, tweets, and postings on Facebook and Instagram keep many awake long into the night.

Parents should consider instituting an electronic curfew and perhaps even forbid sleep-distracting devices in the bedroom, Dr . Owens said. Beyond the bedroom, many teenagers lead overscheduled lives that can lead to short nights.

Also at risk are many teenagers from low-income and minority families, where overcrowding, excessive noise and safety concerns can make it difficult to get enough restful sleep, the academy statement said. Trying to compensate for sleep deprivation on weekends can further compromise an adolescent's sleep-wake cycle by inducing permanent jet lag. Sleeping late on weekends shifts their internal clock, making it even harder to get to sleep Sunday night and wake up on time for school Monday morning.

(Adapted and abridged from http://www.nytimes.com)

Mark the only option that is FALSE according to the text.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

1228Q1022767 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, SEDUC SP, VUNESP, 2025

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Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


Inside the classroom, some learners seem to take advantage of what is going on more than others. Aware of this, teachers will frequently say that successful students possess some or all of the following characteristics.


1. A willingness to listen: good learners listen to what is going on – not just in the sense of paying attention, but also in terms of really listening to the English that is being used, soaking it up with eagerness and intelligence.

2. A willingness to try new things: many good learners are not afraid to ‘have a go’. They are prepared to try things out and see how it works. Of course, not all successful language learners are extroverts, but the urge to use the language (loudly or quietly) is an important one.

3. A willingness to think about how to learn: good learners bring or invent their own study skills when they come to a lesson. They think about the best way to memorize vocabulary, the best way to read a text (slowly, translating every word? Or quickly, trying to get a general understanding?), the best method of drafting and re-drafting a piece of writing.

4. A willingness to ask questions: although some teachers can become irritated by students who are constantly asking difficult (and sometimes irrelevant) questions, the urge to find out why is part of a successful learner’s equipment.

5. A willingness to accept correction: good learners are prepared to accept corrections if it helps them. They are keen to get feedback from the teacher and act upon what they are told. But this only works where teachers are able to offer constructive criticism. It involves teachers in judging their students’ responses to correction so that they can act accordingly.


(Jeremy Harmer. How to teach English, 1998. Adaptado)
In the subitem “2. A willingness to try new things”, the good language learner is mainly described as a
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

1229Q1024582 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Lorena SP, Avança SP, 2024

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“He always thought of the sea as 'la mar' which is what people call her in Spanish when they love her. Sometimes those who love her say bad things about her but they are always said as though she were a woman. Some of the younger fishermen, those who used buoys as floats for their lines and had motorboats, bought when the shark livers had brought much money, spoke of her as 'el mar' which is masculine.They spoke of her as a contestant or a place or even an enemy. But the old man always thought of her as feminine and as something that gave or withheld great favours, and if she did wild or wicked things it was because she could not help them. The moon affects her as it does a woman, he thought.”


— Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea
How do the younger fishermen refer to the sea?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

1230Q1089615 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Licenciatura, PND, INEP, 2025

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O Google lançou esta semana uma coleção com experimentos de inteligência artificial — desenvolvida com o modelo Gemini. Cada um dos experimentos da chamada Little Language Lessons, que ainda é uma exploração inicial, aborda uma maneira diferente pela qual a inteligência artificial pode apoiar a aprendizagem no mundo real.


O primeiro é o Tiny Lesson. Com ele, o usuário descreve uma situação, por exemplo “pedir informações” ou “encontrar um passaporte perdido”, e recebe vocabulário, frases e dicas gramaticais úteis, adaptados a esse contexto.


O segundo é o Slang Hang, que gera conversas autênticas para ajudar o usuário a aprender expressões e gírias. A pessoa pode acompanhar o desenrolar de um diálogo entre falantes nativos, revelando uma mensagem de cada vez e desvendando termos desconhecidos à medida que aparecem.


“Um dos aspectos mais interessantes deste experimento é o elemento da narrativa emergente. Cada cena é única e gerada na hora — pode ser um vendedor ambulante conversando com um cliente, dois colegas de trabalho se encontrando no metrô ou até mesmo um casal de amigos há muito perdidos se reencontrando inesperadamente em uma exposição de animais de estimação exóticos”, pontuou Wade, acrescentando que pode haver erros de precisão. “Ocasionalmente, ele usa incorretamente certas expressões e gírias, ou até mesmo as inventa. Os Large Language Models (LLM) ainda não são perfeitos e, por isso, é importante fazer referências cruzadas com fontes confiáveis”.



VEIGA, C. Google Launches AI Tools to Teach Languages. Disponível em: https://epocanegocios.globo.com.

Acesso em: 2 maio 2025 (adaptado).

According to the text, what is the main pedagogical contribution of these new AI-based experiments to language learning?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

1231Q1089617 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Licenciatura, PND, INEP, 2025

Texto associado.

O Google lançou esta semana uma coleção com experimentos de inteligência artificial — desenvolvida com o modelo Gemini. Cada um dos experimentos da chamada Little Language Lessons, que ainda é uma exploração inicial, aborda uma maneira diferente pela qual a inteligência artificial pode apoiar a aprendizagem no mundo real.


O primeiro é o Tiny Lesson. Com ele, o usuário descreve uma situação, por exemplo “pedir informações” ou “encontrar um passaporte perdido”, e recebe vocabulário, frases e dicas gramaticais úteis, adaptados a esse contexto.


O segundo é o Slang Hang, que gera conversas autênticas para ajudar o usuário a aprender expressões e gírias. A pessoa pode acompanhar o desenrolar de um diálogo entre falantes nativos, revelando uma mensagem de cada vez e desvendando termos desconhecidos à medida que aparecem.


“Um dos aspectos mais interessantes deste experimento é o elemento da narrativa emergente. Cada cena é única e gerada na hora — pode ser um vendedor ambulante conversando com um cliente, dois colegas de trabalho se encontrando no metrô ou até mesmo um casal de amigos há muito perdidos se reencontrando inesperadamente em uma exposição de animais de estimação exóticos”, pontuou Wade, acrescentando que pode haver erros de precisão. “Ocasionalmente, ele usa incorretamente certas expressões e gírias, ou até mesmo as inventa. Os Large Language Models (LLM) ainda não são perfeitos e, por isso, é importante fazer referências cruzadas com fontes confiáveis”.



VEIGA, C. Google Launches AI Tools to Teach Languages. Disponível em: https://epocanegocios.globo.com.

Acesso em: 2 maio 2025 (adaptado).

In a high school English class, students are using one of the AI tools described in the article to practice informal conversation. Based on the impacts mentioned in the article, how can the teacher promote students’ autonomy and critical use of AI?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

1232Q1089618 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Licenciatura, PND, INEP, 2025

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It is impossible to talk about the single story without talking about power. There is a word, an Igbo word, that I think about whenever I think about the power structures of the world, and it is nkali. It’s a noun that loosely translates to “to be greater than another.” Like our economic and political worlds, stories too are defined by the principle of nkali: How they are told, who tells them, when they’re told, how many stories are told, are really dependent on power. Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.

Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories have been used to dispossess and to malign, but stories can also be used to empower and to humanize. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity.

When we reject the single story, when we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.

ADICHIE, C. N. The Danger of a Single Story. New York: Anchor Books, 2019 (adapted).
Based on the discussion proposed by the text, which teaching objective is aligned with the principles of the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC)?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

1233Q1024093 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

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Text II


This book wants to show the newcomer the lie of the land without confusing him with details. In writing it I thought first and foremost of readers in their teens. But I have never believed that books for young people should differ from books for adults except for the fact that they must reckon with the most exacting class of critics, critics who are quick to detect and resent any trace of pretentious jargon or bogus sentiment. I know from experience that these are the vices which may render people suspicious of all writings. I have striven to use plain language even at the risk of sounding casual or unprofessional. I hope that no reader will attribute my decision to get along with a minimum of the art historian’s conventional terms to any desire on my part of ‘talking down’ to him. Apart from this decision, I have tried to follow a number of more specific self-imposed rules, such as limiting myself to real works of art and cutting out anything which might merely be interesting as a specimen of taste or fashion. This decision entailed a considerable sacrifice of literary effects. Praise is so much duller than criticism, and the inclusion of some amusing monstrosities might have offered some light relief. Thus, while I do not claim that all the works illustrated represent the highest standard of perfection, I did make an effort not to include anything which I considered to be without a peculiar merit of its own.

A second rule also demanded a little self-denial. I vowed to resist any temptation to be original in my selection, lest the well-known masterpieces be crowded out by my own personal favourites. This book, after all, is not intended merely as an anthology of beautiful things; it is meant for those who look for bearings in a new field, and for them the familiar appearance of apparently ‘hackneyed’ examples may serve as welcome landmarks.

One more rule I have followed. When in doubt I have always preferred to discuss a work which I had seen in the original rather than one I knew only from photographs. I should have liked to make this an absolute rule, but I did not want the reader to be penalized by the accidents of travel restrictions which sometimes dog the life of the art-lover.


E. H. Gombrich. The Story of Art. Phaidon, New York – London: 1995, p. 7-8 (adapted).

Considering text II, judge whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E).

As used in the third sentence of the first paragraph, the expression “most exacting class of critics” refers to critics who worry too much about being correct.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

1234Q1024614 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Promoção do QM 2022, SEDUC SP, VUNESP, 2025

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Read the text to answer question:


It is suggested that the field of language teaching has moved away from a reliance on prescriptive methods towards a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of language learning. For example, Richards and Rodgers (1986) note that there have been calls to abandon the search for a single “supermethod” and to instead focus on equipping teachers with “a repertoire of methods and skills that can be used selectively in different contexts”. This reflects a move away from the idea that there is one “right” way to teach language, and towards an approach that values flexibility, adaptability, and a recognition of the diverse contexts in which language learning takes place (Richards, 2001).


Realistically speaking, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages; up till now, no method has been empirically proven the best for all language educators to blindly adopt without discussion. For example, the current great enthusiasm for (and wide adoption of) the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method in Egypt can be attributed to the failure of the previously adopted method (i.e. the Grammar-Translation Method) to meet the national language learning goals. It failed to develop a language learner who can communicate properly in English. This does not mean that the CLT will stay forever, especially in this Information and Communication Technology-dominated age (ICT) that has been changing the nature of language and how it should be taught (Abdallah, 2011).


(M. Abdallah, 2024. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED660475.pdf. Adaptado)
The title which best represents the content of the text is:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

1235Q1021803 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Área Administração, TCE AC, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.

Iowa, a small midwestern state, finds itself in the national economic spotlight. For conservative commentators, Iowa has emerged as America’s tax-cutting champion, a paragon of fiscal responsibility. To critics it looks more like an example of economic recklessness.


Either way, Iowa is playing an outsized role in a bigger debate about how American states ought to manage their revenues and spending. Until a few years ago it had one of the highest income-tax rates in America. By 2026 it will be down to a flat tax of 3.9%. Iowa is far from alone. Some 25 states have cut individual income taxes over the past years. A handful, including Georgia and Idaho, are shifting to a flat tax. And a few others want to eliminate their income taxes altogether.


Virtually all states, regardless of political make-up, have lowered their citizens’ tax bills since 2021. Overall, this has been a rough decline in states’ tax revenues during this time, the steepest such reduction in at least four decades. But the most aggressive moves have been cuts to income taxes, and Iowa has been at the forefront of these efforts.


The Economist. A tax-cutting wave is sweeping over America’s states. Internet: . (adapted).

Based on the ideas of the preceding text and on its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.


According to the text, the tax policy of the state of Iowa is seen by some as being too heavy on taxpayers.

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1236Q1017713 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista de Gestão de Pessoas, EMBRAPA, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.

Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.

The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.

To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.

• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant and heat-tolerant livestock breeds are vital.

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative feed sources, such as drought-resistant forage varieties, can enhance livestock resilience.

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production.

Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.

Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.



Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).

Judge the following items based on the text above.

Crop-livestock-forest integration systems do not influence water conservation.

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  2. ✂️

1237Q1017714 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista de Gestão de Pessoas, EMBRAPA, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.

Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.

The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.

To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.

• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant and heat-tolerant livestock breeds are vital.

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative feed sources, such as drought-resistant forage varieties, can enhance livestock resilience.

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production.

Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.

Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.



Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).

Judge the following items based on the text above.

Heat stress has become one of the important issues in cattle farming, especially in those areas where temperature has started to increase steadily.

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  2. ✂️

1238Q1023103 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Lorena SP, Avança SP, 2024

After reading a challenging academic article in English, a student summarizes the main points and reflects on how the information can be applied in his own field of study. This practice primarily demonstrates which reading strategy?
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1239Q1083520 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Chapecó SC, FEPESE, 2025

Study the sentences below about Modern Foreign Languages.

1. The school-based teaching of Foreign Languages enables students to understand and produce sentences in a foreign language, and allow them to develop speaking competence.
2. Foreign Languages at the average school are almost entirely based on the study of grammatical formulae; the memorization of rules and a priority focus on written language.
3. Foreign Languages are now part of a field of knowledge, and no longer an isolated course in the curriculum.
4. Teaching a foreign language provides communication and allows students to have access to some kinds of information while contributing to their overall development as adults.

Choose the alternative which contains the correct sentences.
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1240Q1083530 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Chapecó SC, FEPESE, 2025

Texto associado.

Text 3

If you visit Japan, you might choose to travel around the country by shinkansen train. These high-speed trains connect the major cities of Japan. They are nicknamed “bullet trains” because they go very fast and have pointy noses like a bullet.

Bullet trains are a good way to travel for several reasons other than their speed. They are very punctual, often leaving on time to the second. They are also comfortable. All the seats face forward, and there is plenty of leg room. Most importantly, bullet trains are very safe. In their 35-year history, there have been only a few accidents and no deaths.

The only downside to bullet trains is that they are expensive. A ticket to travel to another city can cost almost as much as an airline ticket would. However, if you fly, you will land at an airport at the edge of a city. Train stations are usually right in the middle of a city. This means that it is often more convenient to take a bullet train instead of flying, because you will arrive exactly where you want to be.

Read the statements below and decide if they are true ( T ) or false ( F ) according to text 3.

( ) These trains are nicknamed “bullet trains” because of their speed and shape.
( ) The train that the author of the passage talks about is the shinkansen.
( ) The author says that one reason to take a bullet train instead of flying is because the bullet train is often much cheaper.
( ) To help travelers decide between a bullet train and an airplane, it would be most helpful for the author to add information about how many seats each one has.

Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
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