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301Q1022668 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de Caconde SP, Avança SP, 2025

A master of the macabre and mystery, this 19th-century writer revolutionized Gothic literature with dark tales and disturbing psychological atmospheres. His narratives explore themes such as death, madness, and the abyss of the human mind, marked by poetic and intense language. An emblematic work, like a poem about an obsessive raven, became a symbol of his melancholic genius. His legacy endures as a cornerstone of modern horror and detective fiction.
Which of the following authors is being described?
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  2. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

302Q1023949 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Área Português Inglês, IFC SC, FUNDATEC, 2023

Texto associado.

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

  1. ______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
  2. with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
  3. feasts”.
  4. Etymology
  5. The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
  6. originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
  7. immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
  8. _____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
  9. of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
  10. 1400.
  11. Carnival period
  12. In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
  13. days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
  14. calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
  15. beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
  16. Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
  17. year, though in some places it may begin already on 17th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
  18. the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
  19. there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
  20. Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
  21. In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
  22. neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
  23. Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
  24. Carnival in antiquity
  25. Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
  26. celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
  27. During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
  28. place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
  29. view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
  30. order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
  31. until the next carnival.
  32. In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
  33. was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
  34. the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
  35. was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
  36. the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
  37. there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
  38. - a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
  39. accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
  40. In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
  41. of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
  42. Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
  43. procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
  44. Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
  45. heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
  46. Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
  47. and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
  48. often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
  49. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
  50. called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
  51. also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
  52. a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
  53. candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The sentence “Masks therefore have often an apotropaic meaning” (lines 47-48) can be rewritten with no significative changes in meaning as in:

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  2. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

303Q1023198 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Estrangeira Inglês, Prefeitura de Araçariguama SP, Avança SP, 2024

“There were people who went to sleep last night,
poor and rich and white and black,
but they will never wake again.

And those dead folks would give anything at all
for just five minutes of this weather
or ten minutes of plowing.

So you watch yourself about complaining.

What you're supposed to do when you don't like a thing is change it.
If you can't change it, change the way you think about it.”

— Maya Angelou

The passage uses the phrase "those dead folks" to refer to:
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  5. ✂️

304Q1022444 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão SC, Unesc, 2024

Texto associado.

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Cancer therapies are getting a makeover


By Vanessa Chalmers, Health Features Editor


Cancer is no longer a death sentence when diagnosed, thanks to the ongoing emergence of treatments that can extend lives as well as better detection methods to find the disease earlier.Scientists have learned a lot about the immune response to cancer and are now harnessing it.When we hear the word vaccine, we typically think of it as preventing disease.But in this case, vaccines are being used as a treatment. Once injected they train the immune system to recognise and fight cancer cells. The body itself is recruited to kill the cancer, rather than relying on medicines.The process leaves healthy cells untouched, unlike chemotherapy, which kills healthy tissue and causes debilitating symptoms. NHS England's national cancer director, Dame Cally Palmer, said cancer vaccines being trialled could mark a huge step in treating the disease.There are also personalised vaccines which are designed specifically for an individuals cancer, based on their genetics.The challenges with personalised vaccines and other hugely advanced cancer therapies is they are very expensive to develop - and the question is whether the NHS will be able to afford such therapies when they come to fruition.



https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/30417145/cancer-vaccine-stops-tumou rs-growing-advanced-disease/

Based on the text, what reading strategy would be most effective to identify the main idea about the new cancer therapies discussed?
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305Q1046794 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Primeiro Dia, ESCOLA NAVAL, Marinha, 2019

Texto associado.
Based on the text below, answer the six questions that follow it. The paragraphs of the text are numbered.

If children lose contact with nature they won't fight for it

[1] According to recent research, even if the present rate of global decarbonisation were to double, we would still be on course for 6°C of warming by the end of the century. Limiting the rise to 2°C, which is the target of current policies, requires a six-time reduction in carbon intensity.
[2] A new report shows that the UK has lost 20% of its breeding birds since 1966: once common species such as willow tits, lesser spotted woodpeckers and turtle doves have all but collapsed; even house sparrows have fallen by two thirds. Ash dieback is just one of many terrifying plant diseases, mostly spread by trade. They now threaten our oaks, pines and chestnuts.
[3] While the surveys show that the great majority of people would like to see the living planet protected, few are prepared to take action. This, I think, reflects a second environmental crisis: the removal of children from the natural world. The young people we might have expected to lead the defence of nature have less and less to do with it.
[4] We don't have to undervalue the indoor world, which has its own rich ecosystem, to lament children's disconnection from the outdoor world. But the experiences the two spheres offer are entirely different. There is no substitute for what takes place outdoors, mostly because the greatest joys of nature are unplanned. The thought that most of our children will never swim among phosphorescent plankton at night, will never be startled by a salmon leaping, or a dolphin breaching is almost as sad as the thought that their children might not have the opportunity.
[5] The remarkable collapse of children's engagement with nature - which is even faster than the collapse of the natural world - is recorded in Richard Louv's book Last Child in the Woods, and in a report published recently by the National Trust. Since the 1970s the area in which children may roam without supervision has decreased by almost 90%. In one generation the proportion of children regularly playing in wild places in the UK has fallen from more than half to fewer than one in 10. In the US, in just six years (1997-2003) children with particular outdoor hobbies fell by half. Eleven- to 15-year-olds in Britain now spend, on average, half their waking day in front of a screen.
[6] There are several reasons for this collapse: parents' irrational fear of strangers and rational fear of traffic, the destruction of the fortifying lands where previous generations played, the quality of indoor entertainment, the structuring of children's time, the criminalisation of natural play. The great indoors, as a result, has become a far more dangerous place than the diminished world beyond.
[7] The rise of obesity and asthma and the decline in cardio-respiratory fitness are well documented. Louv also links the indoor life to an increase in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other mental ill health. Research conducted at the University of Illinois suggests that playing among trees and grass is associated with a markedreduction in indications of ADHD, while playing indoors appears to increase them. The disorder, Louv suggests, "may be a set of symptoms aggravated by lack of exposure to nature". Perhaps it's the environment, not the child, that has gone wrong.
[8] In her famous essay the Ecology of Imagination in Childhood, Edith Cobb proposed that contact with nature stimulates creativity. Reviewing the biographies of 300 "geniuses", she exposed a common theme: intense experiences of the natural world in the middle age of childhood (between five and 12). Animals and plants, she argued, are among "the figures of speech in the rhetoric of play... which the genius, in particular of later life, seems to remember".
[9] Studies in several nations show that children's games are more creative in green places than in concrete playgrounds. Natural spaces encourage fantasy and roleplay, reasoning and observation. The social standing of children there depends less on physical dominance, more on inventiveness and language skills.
[10] And here we meet the other great loss. Most of those I know who fight for nature are people who spent their childhoods immersed in it. Without a feel for the texture and function of the natural world, without an intensity of engagement almost impossible in the absence of early experience, people will not devote their lives to its protection.
[11] Forest Schools, Outward Bound, Woodcraft Folk, the John Muir Award, the Campaign for Adventure, Natural Connections, family nature clubs and many others are trying to bring children and the natural world back together. But all of them are fighting forces which, if they cannot be changed, will deprive the living planet of the wonder and delight that for millennia have attracted children to the wilds.

(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/nov/19/children-lose-contact-with-nature)
According to the text, which option is correct?
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306Q1024045 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Letras Português Inglês, IF SP, IF SP, 2024

Scholars from various theoretical backgrounds have continuously defined and redefined genre from different perspectives. Chouliaraki and Fairclough (1999, p. 21, apud Meuer, 2013, p. 151) investigate the concept of language use within society, emphasizing that the relationship between language and society is not unilateral but dialectical. From this perspective, the analysis of social practices offers the advantage of providing a nexus between abstract structures and their operative mechanisms, thus reconciling the divide between “society” and the lived experiences of individuals.

Genres, according to what is being appointed above, are defined according to their
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307Q1021998 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Orientação Microinformática de TI, TC DF, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.

The philosopher Jeremy Bentham was regarded as the founder of utilitarianism and a leading advocate of the separation of church and state, freedom of expression, and individual legal rights. Furthermore, the “panopticon” is a type of institutional building that has long dominated Bentham’s legacy. As a work of architecture, the panopticon allows a watchman in a central tower to observe occupants of surrounding cells without the occupants knowing whether or not they are being watched. As a metaphor, the panopticon was commandeered in the latter half of the 20th century as a way to trace the surveillance tendencies of disciplinarian societies. Is it still a useful way to think about surveillance today?


The French philosopher Michel Foucault used the idea of the panopticon as a way to illustrate the proclivity of disciplinary societies to subjugate its citizens. He describes the prisoner of a panopticon as being at the receiving end of asymmetrical surveillance: “He is seen, but he does not see.” As a consequence, the inmate polices himself for fear of punishment.


The parallels between the panopticon and surveillance cameras may be obvious, but what happens when you step into the world of digital surveillance and data capture? Unlike the panopticon, citizens don’t know they are being watched. Jake Goldenfein, from the University of Melbourne, tells me it’s important to remember the corrective purposes of Bentham’s panopticon when considering it as a metaphor for modern surveillance. “The relevance of the panopticon as a metaphor begins to wither when we start thinking about whether contemporary types of visuality are analogous to the central tower concept. For example, whether this type of visuality is as asymmetrical, and being co-opted for the same political exercise.” In the panopticon the occupants are constantly aware of the threat of being watched — this is the whole point — but state surveillance on the Internet is invisible; there is no looming tower, no dead-eye lens staring at you every time you enter a URL. There may not be a central tower, but there will be communicating sensors in our most intimate objects.


Internet: <theguardian.com> (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

According to the text, Jeremy Bentham prominently protested against the dissociation of religion from state institutions.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

308Q1047598 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Cadete do Exército, ESCOLA NAVAL, Marinha

Texto associado.

Too many third graders can’t read this sentence

9 Feb. 2017- Editor's Picks


Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face challenges that will impact their future, including academic struggles that could lead to dimmer academic and career prospects. Sadly, only one in three U.S. students demonstrates reading proficiency at the end of third grade. This has alarming consequences for these children, and for our country.

A report released today from the Business Roundtable (BRT) sheds light on this troubling trend in American education, and advises business leaders on how they can help put more children on a path to success.

(...)

I’ve heard it said that before third grade, students are learning to read, while after third grade, they’re reading to learn. Grade three is a critical crossroads in a life's journey. If you’ve read this far, then you understand why this is so important. Not enough of our young learners can say the same.

I encourage you to read the BRT report. As you read, please consider ways to help our schools and our teachers keep students on paths to bright futures.

Leave your comments below


Michel Jonas


Really, all I read was blabla wa wa wa. Are you Charlie Brown’s teacher? If we can't understand our children who are crying out for help and direction, then there is something wrong with you. Please go back and check yourself! They are worth so much more.


Rick Shire


Thanks for sharing. With two young children, I increasingly think about the importance of early childhoodeducation. Pre-k care is far too inaccessible, ultimately magnifying inequality from the earliest stages of life.


Tom Franks


What exactly is education? Academic education doesn't make someone a better person or even a better employee, I would guess that anything we learn in the education process is at the most 10% useful to us as people. Education should teach academia but also life skills such as budgeting, EQ skills, languages etc., all the elements to be a successful person and not necessarily a successful professional.

(Adapted from https ://www.linkedin.com)

Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. Then choose the option that contains the correct sequence.

( ) Most kids in American schools cannot read well enough at third grade.

( ) The BRT report does not include suggestions on how to improve education.

( ) Michel Jonas posted a positive comment about the matter.

( ) Tom Franks believes schools do not prepare us for life.

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  5. ✂️

309Q1023280 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor Inglês, Prefeitura de Valença do Piauí PI, IVIN, 2023

Texto associado.
Text 1


Mental Health Conditions


Mental illnesses are disorders, ranging from mild to severe, that affect a person’s thinking, mood, and/or behavior. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly one-in-five adults live with a mental illness. Many factors contribute to mental health conditions, including: Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry, life experiences, such as trauma or abuse and family history of mental health problems.


Tips for Living Well with a Mental Health Condition


Having a mental health condition can make it a struggle to work, keep up with school, stick to a regular schedule, have healthy relationships, socialize, maintain hygiene, and more. However, with early and consistent treatment—often a combination of medication and psychotherapy—it is possible to manage these conditions, overcome challenges, and lead a meaningful, productive life. Today, there are new tools, evidence-based treatments, and social support systems that help people feel better and pursue their goals. Some of these tips, tools and strategies include:


• Stick to a treatment plan. Even if you feel better, don’t stop going to therapy or taking medication without a doctor’s guidance. Work with a doctor to safely adjust doses or medication if needed to continue a treatment plan.


• Keep your primary care physician updated. Primary care physicians are an important part of long-term management, even if you also see a psychiatrist.


• Learn about the condition. Being educated can help you stick to your treatment plan. Education can also help your loved ones be more supportive and compassionate.


• Practice good self-care. Control stress with activities such as meditation or tai-chi; eat healthy and exercise; and get enough sleep.


• Reach out to family and friends. Maintaining relationships with others is important. In times of crisis or rough spells, reach out to them for support and help.


• Develop coping skills. Establishing healthy coping skills can help people deal with stress easier.


• Get enough sleep. Good sleep improves your brain performance, mood and overall health. Consistently poor sleep is associated with anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.



Available in:< https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health>
According to the text above, the alternative that best describes the comprehensive analysis of the text 1 is:
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  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

310Q1046872 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Primeiro Dia, ESCOLA NAVAL, Marinha, 2021

Texto associado.
Read the text below and answer question.


U.K. hospitals are overburdened. But the British love their universal health care

March 7, 2018

When Erich McElroy takes the stage at comedy clubs in London, his routine includes a joke about the first time he went to see a doctor in Britain.
Originally from Seattle, McElroy, 45, has lived in London for almost 20 years. A stand-up comedian, he's made a career out of poking fun at the differences in the ways Americans versus Britons see the world - and one of the biggest differences is their outlook on health care.
"| saw a doctor, who gave me a couple pills and sent me on my way. But | still hadn't really done any paperwork. | was like, 'This isn't right! " McElroy says onstage, to giggles from the crowd. "So | went back to the same woman, and | said, 'What do | do now?! And she said, You go home! "
The mostly British audience erupts into laughter.
McElroy acknowledges it doesn't sound like much of a joke. He's just recounting his first experience at a UK. public hospital. But Britons find it hilarious, he says, that an American would be searching for a cash register, trying to find how to pay for treatment at a doctor's office or hospital. Itis a foreign concept here, McElroy explains.
Onstage, McElroy recounts how, when the hospital receptionist instructed him to go home, he turned to her and exclaimed, "This is amazing!"
Amazing, he says, because he did not have to pay - at least not at the point of service. In Britain, there is a state-funded system called the National Health Service, or NHS, which guarantees care for all. That means everything from ambulance rides and emergency room visits to long hospital stays, complex surgery, radiation and chemotherapy - are all free. They are paid for with payroll taxes. In addition, any medication you get during a hospital visit is free, and the cost of most prescription drugs at a pharmacy are cheap - a few dollars. (Private health care also exists in the U.K., paid out-of-pocket or through private insurance coverage, but only a small minority of residents opt for it.)
Since the 2008 financial crisis, the U.K., like many countries, has been taking in less tax revenue - so it has had to cut spending. Its expenditure on the National Health Service has still grown, but at a slower pace than before. [...] Wait times at the emergency room are up, says Richard Murray, policy director at the King's Fund, a health care think tank.
"If the ER is really busy, it makes the ambulances queue outside the front door - not great," Murray says. "And in some cases, the hospital is simply full."

(Adapted from https://www.npr.org)
hich option replaces the word “overburdened” in the title “U.K. hospitals are overburdened”, according to its meaning in the text?
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  5. ✂️

311Q1022305 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Anos Iniciais e Finais, InoversaSul, Unesc, 2025

Understanding English texts requires applying reading strategies that facilitate identifying main ideas and details, considering the context and the vocabulary used.
I.Using keywords during reading helps understand the text by focusing attention on relevant terms.
II.Inferring the meaning of unknown words from context is an important strategy to avoid interrupting the reading flow.
III.Translating word by word always results in an accurate and fluent interpretation of English texts.

The correct statements are:
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312Q1046881 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Primeiro Dia, ESCOLA NAVAL, Marinha, 2021

Read the information below.

How do I know if I'm eligible to apply to the Naval Academy?

You must be:

- at least 17 years of age and must not have passed your 23rd birthday on July 1st of the year of admission;
- unmarried, not pregnant and have no incurred obligations of parenthood; and
- a United States citizen (except for the limited quotas of international midshipmen specifically authorized by Congress).

(Adapted from https://www.usna.edu/)

Considering only the requirements above, who can apply to the Naval Academy?
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313Q1068403 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Magistério Inglês, EsFCEx, VUNESP, 2024

Texto associado.

Leia o texto, para responder à questão.


This study reviews the findings of earlier translanguaging research in Saudi Arabia. Notably, Saudi Arabia is striving to adjust to the multilingual immigrant workforce on its soil, while encouraging a larger role for its people on other soils. In this changed paradigm, strengthening the Saudis’ English communicative proficiency is an emergent need. To make pertinent pedagogical recommendations on the use of translanguaging in language learning, the study gathered data using a questionnaire administered to 72 participants from King Faisal University. All participants were given fictitious names in order to protect their anonymity. Findings revealed that the Saudi EFL students strongly support the use of translanguaging in the EFL classrooms, but they are worried that it may not bring their proficiency to the desirable standard. They, thus, showed greater faith in the conventional language learning approach, viz., using only English in the EFL classes. The study concluded that learners‟ exposure to translanguaging is apparently not adequate for them to fully appreciate its benefits, and teachers who, so far, strictly keep to the English-only approach, too need to be oriented and trained in its use.



(Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(Special Issue 1),

556-568; 2022. Adaptado)

This academic text is

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314Q1021816 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor II Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Afogados da Ingazeira PE, IGEDUC, 2024

Texto associado.

Read the text below:


Educating future technology engineers


While much of the world's wireless communications technologies, such as cell phones, run on 5G mobile networks, engineers already have their eyes on developing future-generation networks. One of these engineers is Yanchao Zhang, a professor of electrical engineering in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University.


Zhang runs the DOD Center of Excellence in Future Generation Wireless Technology, or FutureG Center of Excellence. Led by ASU and funded by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), the center includes collaborators from the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. DOD and The Ohio State University.


The FutureG Center of Excellence aims to advance mobile network technology for wireless communications that are more secure, faster and more reliable. Artificial intelligence, or AI, and machine learning are also up for potential inclusion.


The center also has outreach and workforce development initiatives to increase the number of workers in the wireless communications engineering field. As part of this initiative, the center hosted a five-day FutureG Summer Research Camp on ASU's Tempe campus in May that is planned yearly.


The inaugural camp hosted 25 undergraduate students from the School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering and the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, both part of the Fulton Schools. The participants learned about a variety of engineering disciplines related to electronics, including cybersecurity, signal processing, augmented and virtual reality, or AR and VR.


To choose the 25 students, Zhang and his colleagues in the FutureG Center of Excellence — Antonia Papandreou-Suppappola and Chaitali Chakrabarti, both Fulton Schools professors of electrical engineering — selected from 78 applicants.


"I was thrilled to see so many motivated, highly qualified young minds interested in cutting-edge research topics," he says. "Notably, half of the participants were women and underrepresented minority students, who were selected based on the same criteria as all applicants."


In line with the Fulton Schools value of building a foundation for all to be successful, students participated in sessions each day featuring lectures and demonstrations from experts in the topic areas. The presenters beyond Zhang included a variety of Fulton Schools electrical and computer engineering andcomputer science faculty members and external FutureG Center of Excellence collaborators.


"The goal of this summer camp is to expose highly qualified Fulton Schools undergraduate students to the latest topics and opportunities in the future generation wireless technology field and within the FutureG Center of Excellence," Zhang says. "We aim to motivate their academic and research interests in the future wireless technology area, ultimately contributing to the U.S. workforce in this field."


Among the student participants inspired to further research future wireless communications technology is Diego Quintero, a Fulton Schools undergraduate student majoring in electrical engineering who just completed his sophomore year.


Before the program, Quintero was only considering studying electrical engineering through the Fulton Schools accelerated master's degree program, which enables students to complete graduate coursework while completing their bachelor's degree, saving them time. Now he's planning to apply to the program in the 2024− 25 academic year.


Quintero says the FutureG summer camp helped him understand how the engineering skills he learned in the classroom are applied to technology development.


"Learning about such fascinating advancements in the thriving tech industry has strengthened my ideologies and passion for pursuing a career in this field," he says. "There are so many interesting careers and research opportunities. I believe it's a great way to learn more about specific roles in engineering."


For Mounia Bazzi, an undergraduate electrical engineering student who just completed the first year of her program, the FutureG summer camp helped her build on principles she learned while exploring engineering specializations. While Bazzi initially learned about using the MATLAB programming software in her FSE 100: Introduction to Engineering class, she explored MATLAB's signal processing tools in a session led by Papandreou-Suppappola.


Bazzi found that hearing from graduate students who are working with session presenters was especially helpful in learning about research conducted at ASU. The presentations inspired her interest to pursue her own research, and she contacted Guoliang Xue, a Fulton Schools professor of computer science and engineering involved in the camp, to ask if she could work under him in fall 2024.


Bazzi says her favorite part of the experience was the final day of the camp, which took place at ASU's Media and Immersive eXperience Center, or MIX Center.


"The most fun part of the camp was experiencing AR and VR systems with Dr. Robert LiKamWa," Bazzi says. "After going through different VR immersive narratives, we formed groups and used Dreamscape to build our own VR world that we then got to experience."


The session led by LiKamWa, a Fulton Schools associate


professor of electrical engineering with a joint appointment in ASU's School of Arts, Media and Engineering, was also Shannen Aganon's favorite part of the camp.


"Exploring and developing VR experiences was both exciting and educational," says Aganon, a rising senior majoring in computer science. "It is definitely interesting to see how immersive technology can transform so much."

During the camp, Aganon aimed to learn more about different engineering fields within electrical engineering.


"Attending this camp session broadened my appreciation of how different engineering disciplines interconnect and definitely allowed me to reach my goal," she says.


Aganon says the camp confirmed her passion for engineering through the variety offered within the field and the hands-on collaborative activities. She also enjoyed the networking, new friendships and skills the camp taught her


"If you would like a unique way to gain hands-on experience, this camp offers invaluable opportunities," Aganon says.

Judge the excerpts from the text.


Acesso em: https://tinyurl.com/yck35f65



During the FutureG Summer Research Camp, Mounia Bazzi learned about using MATLAB's signal processing tools, which she had previously encountered in her FSE 100: Introduction to Engineering class.
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315Q1022331 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Língua Inglesa, SEEC RN, FGV, 2025

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READ TEXT I AND ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS IT:

TEXT I

Decolonizing English Language Teaching for Brazilian Indigenous Peoples


In an era of increasing contact between citizens of the diverse nations of the world, the far-reaching impacts of globalization are often linked to the propagation of English as a language for international communication in a variety of settings, including international trade, academic and scientific discourses, and diplomacy, among others. Given its status as an international language, English is also a highly-valued foreign language in Brazil, and its influence represents, at least symbolically, greater access to both national and global markets. As such, federal curricular standards require all students in Brazilian public schools to study English as a foreign language from middle to high school.


These standards also apply to the indigenous populations of Brazil. However, additional federal legislation regulates the ways that English and other subjects must be taught in indigenous communities. The Brazilian Constitution, ratified in 1988, represents a significant landmark in this respect, providing for the inclusion of 'specific, bilingual, differentiated, and intercultural' educational practices within indigenous school settings, thus guaranteeing each indigenous group the right to integrate their traditional knowledge, cultures, and languages into primary and secondary education curricula (Brazil, 1988).


As such, the question of how to teach English in indigenous settings in a way that values traditional cultures and knowledge in accordance with the specific, differentiated, and intercultural approach mandated by federal legislation must be addressed. The status of English as the language of globalization, along with its long history as an instrument of colonial imperialism, poses an ethical dilemma in the Brazilian indigenous educational context, given that its inclusion in indigenous school curricula presents an implicit risk of recreating and reinforcing neocolonial hierarchies of knowledge production that favor Western perspectives over traditional indigenous systems of knowledge.


In an effort to adapt English language teaching to the needs and demands of indigenous communities, contributions from the fields of postcolonial theory, English language teaching, and sociocultural approaches to language teaching will be connected to current Brazilian laws governing indigenous education. The aim is to investigate the possibilities for the teaching of a decolonized, local English that values traditional indigenous knowledge systems over neocolonial global influences which are often associated with English.


Adapted from: https://www.scielo.br/j/edreal/a/43bj8bSQDpQYPjQTX9jK9jb/

The head of the subject of “must be addressed” (3rd paragraph) is
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316Q1024636 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Vila Rica MT, IDCAP, 2023

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Stanford Medicine scientists transform cancer cells into weapons against cancer

March 1, 2023 - By Christopher Vaughan


(1º§) Some cities fight gangs with ex-members whoeducate kids and starve gangs of new recruits. Stanford Medicine researchers have done something similar with cancer — altering cancer cells so that they teach the body's immune system to fight the very cancer the cells came from.


(2º§) "This approach could open up an entirely new therapeutic approach to treating cancer," said Ravi Majeti, MD, PhD, a professor of hematology and the study's senior author. The research was published March 1 in Cancer Discovery. The lead author is Miles Linde, PhD, a former PhD student in immunology who is now at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Institute in Seattle.


(3º§) Some of the most promising cancer treatments use the patient's own immune system to attack the cancer, often __ taking the brakes off immune responses to cancer or by teaching the immune system to recognize and attack the cancer more vigorously. T cells, part of the immune system that learns to identify and attack new pathogens such as viruses, can be trained to recognize specific cancer antigens, which are proteins that generate an immune response.


(4º§) For instance, in CAR T-cell therapy, T cells are taken from a patient, programmed to recognize a specific cancer antigen, then returned to the patient. But there are many cancer antigens, and physicians sometimes need to guess which ones will be most potent.


(5º§) A better approach would be to train T cells to recognize cancer via processes that more closely mimic the way things naturally occur in the body — like the way a vaccine teaches the immune system to recognize pathogens. T cells learn to recognize pathogens because special antigen presenting cells (APCs) gather pieces of the pathogen and show them to the T cells in a way that tells the T cells, "Here is what the pathogen looks like — go get it."


(6º§) Something similar in cancer would be for APCs to gather up the many antigens that characterize a cancer cell. That way, instead of T cells being programmed to attack one or a few antigens, they are trained to recognize many cancer antigens and are more likely to wage a multipronged attack on the cancer.


(7º§) Now that researchers have become adept at transforming one kind of cell into another, Majeti and his colleagues had a hunch that if they turned cancer cells into a type of APC called macrophages, they would be naturally adept at teaching T cells what to attack.


(8º§) "We hypothesized that maybe cancer cells reprogrammed into macrophage cells could stimulate T cells because those APCs carry all the antigens of the cancer cells they came from," said Majeti, who is also the RZ Cao Professor, assistant director of the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and director of the Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine.


(9º§) The study builds on prior research from the Majeti lab showing that cells taken from patients with a type of acute leukemia could be converted into non-leukemic macrophages with many of the properties of APCs.


(10º§) In the current study, the researchers programmed mouse leukemia cells so that some of them could be induced to transform themselves into APCs. When they tested their cancer vaccine strategy on the mouse immune system, the mice successfully cleared the cancer.


(11º§) "When we first saw the data showing clearance of the leukemia in the mice __ working immune systems, we were blown away," Majeti said. "We couldn't believe it worked as well as it did."


(12º§) Other experiments showed that the cells created from cancer cells were indeed acting as antigen-presenting cells that sensitized T cells to the cancer. "What's more, we showed that the immune system remembered what these cells taught them," Majeti said. "When we reintroduced cancer to these mice over 100 days after the initial tumor inoculation, they still had a strong immunological response that protected them."


(13º§) "We wondered, If this works with leukemias, will it also work with solid tumors?" Majeti said. The team tested the same approach using mouse fibrosarcoma, breast cancer, and bone cancer. "The transformation of cancer cells from solid tumors was not as efficient, but we still observed positive results," Majeti said. With all three cancers, the creation of tumor-derived APCs led to significantly improved survival.


(14º§) Lastly, the researchers returned to the original type of acute leukemia. When the human leukemia cell-derived APCs were exposed to human T cells from the same patient, they observed all the signs that would be expected if the APCs were indeed teaching the T cells how to attack the leukemia.


(15º§) "We showed that reprogrammed tumor cells could lead to a durable and systemic attack on the cancer in mice and a similar response with human patient immune cells," Majeti said. "In the future we might be able to take out tumor cells, transform them into APCs and give them back to patients as a therapeutic cancer vaccine."


(16º§) "Ultimately, we might be able to inject RNA into patients and transform enough cells to activate the immune system against cancer without having to take cells out first," Majeti said. "That's science fiction __ this point, but that's the direction we are interested in going."


(17º§) The work was supported by funding from the Ludwig Foundation for Cancer Research, the Emerson Collective Cancer Research Fund, the New York Stem Cell Foundation, the Stinehart-Reed Foundation, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, the J. Benjamin Eckenhoff Fund, the Blavatnik Family Fellowship, the Deutsche Forschungsgemainshaft, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Stanford Human Biology Research Exploration Program, the National Institutes of Health (grant F31CA196029), the American Society of Hematology, the A.P. Giannini Foundation, and the Stanford Cancer Institute.


(adapted)
med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2023/03/cancer-hematology.html
PROFESSOR INGLÊS - 1 8
What groundbreaking approach to cancer treatment does the research discuss?
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317Q1047427 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Cadete do Exército, ESCOLA NAVAL, Marinha

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Based on the text below, answer the question.

Navy preps submarines for lst female officers


HARTFORD, Conn. — For Ensign Peggy LeGrand, the biggest concern about serving on a submarine is not spending weeks at a time in tight quarters with an entirely male crew. What worries her is the scrutiny that comes with breaking one of the last gender barriers in the military.
"I have a feeling more people will be focused on us. Our mistakes and successes will be magnified more than they deserve", said LeGrand, a 25-year-old Naval Academy graduate from Amarillo, Texas.
LeGrand is among a small group of female officers who are training at sites including Groton, Connecticut, to join the elite submarine force beginning later this year. While the Navy says it is not treating them any differently from their male counterparts, officials have been working to prepare the submarine crews — and the sailors1 wives — for one of the most dramatic changes in the 111-year history of the Navy’s "silent Service."
The change is a source of anxiety for others, including the wives of submariners, who worry the close contact at sea could lead to sailors' cheating. The issue really has to do with the creation of a relationship that becomes very close and then results in further relations ashore. That is, of course, what bothers the wives. "They know the kind of relationships that happens between the shipmates", said retired Navy Rear Adm. W . J. Holland Jr., a former submarine commander.
The initial class of 24 women will be divided among four submarines, where they will be outnumbered by men by a ratio of roughly 1 to 25. The enlisted ranks, which make up about 90 percent of a sub's 160-sailor crew, are not open to women although the Navy is exploring modifications to create separate bunks for men and women.
The female officers, many of them engineering graduates from Annapolis, are accustomed to being in the minority, and so far they say they hardly feel like outsiders. The nuclear power school that is part of their training, for example, has been open to women for years because the Navy in 1994 reversed a ban on females serving on its surface ships, including nuclear-powered vesseis.

(Adapted from http://www.militarytimes.com)

Considering the text, what does the word "magnified" mean in this extract?

"I have a feeling more people will be focused on us. Our mistakes and successes will be magnified more than they deserve."

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318Q1024403 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Fisioterapia, A C Camargo Câncer Center, VUNESP, 2024

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Leia o texto para responder à questão.


In a study of more than 100,000 people, researchers found that those with less healthy lifestyles were more likely to reduce their risk of colorectal cancer with regular aspirin use than those with healthier behaviors (JAMA Oncol 2024 Aug 1). Regular aspirin use was defined as two or more 325 mg tablets a week or a daily 81 mg dose; less healthy lifestyles were characterized by higher body mass index, smoking, greater alcohol consumption, less physical activity, and poorer diet. Those with the unhealthiest lifestyles had a 3.4% chance of developing colorectal cancer if they didn’t take aspirin regularly, whereas those who did had a 2.1% chance of developing the disease. In contrast, people with the healthiest lifestyles had a 1.5% chance of developing colorectal cancer if they took aspirin regularly and a 1.6% chance if they didn’t. This result suggests that physicians can pursue a nuanced approach when prescribing aspirin for disease prevention.


(https://aacrjournals.org. 26 de julho a 01 de agosto 2024. Adaptado)
The text is mainly about
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320Q1020080 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Edital n 48, USP, FUVEST, 2025

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Texto para a questão


Extraterrestrial tongues


The challenge of imagining alien communication is highlighted in the film Arrival (2016), where linguists confront a language strikingly different from any on Earth. While fictional alien languages like Klingon (Star Trek) often resemble human languages with variations in sound or syntax, the possibilities for extraterrestrial tongues are far more diverse. To truly grasp the potential for alien linguistic systems, we must consider the fundamental components of language itself: signs, structure, semantics, and pragmatics.

The first level, signs, encompasses the means of expression, which could extend beyond spoken words and written symbols to include gestures, smells (as in animal communication), or even electrical impulses. Structure, the second level, involves the organization of language, including grammar and syntax. While we might initially assume alien languages would share structural similarities with our own, they could radically differ, potentially lacking familiar elements like nouns or verbs, or employing entirely novel grammatical categories, perhaps akin to the way maps convey information.

Semantics, the third level, deals with meaning. Here, the problem of untranslatability arises. While some differences in meaning between human languages exist (e.g., the German word "Fernweh"), alien languages might present more fundamental challenges. If aliens perceive and categorize the world in fundamentally different ways, their language might express concepts we struggle to even grasp.

Despite these obstacles, communication may still be possible. Shared needs, such as describing the world or giving commands, could provide a basis for finding points of connection between alien and human languages. Pragmatics, the fourth level, concerns how language is used in context, including metaphors and social conventions. Differences at this level, particularly when combined with semantic differences, as illustrated by the Tamarian language in Star Trek: The Next Generation, can further complicate understanding.

Ultimately, contemplating the possibilities of alien communication pushes us to expand our understanding of language itself. It encourages us to move beyond our "anthropocentric bubble" and consider that alien languages might possess levels or structures we haven't yet imagined, potentially transforming our perspectives on consciousness, intelligence, and what it means to communicate.


Aeon, April 9th, 2025,(Adaptado)
"The first level, signs, encompasses the means of expression."

Em relação ao texto apresentado, qual das seguintes reestruturações desse trecho mantém o sentido original, manifesta ênfase semelhante e é gramaticalmente correta?
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