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361Q1023073 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Caçapava SP, Avança SP, 2024

“You expected to be sad in the fall. Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees and their branches were bare against the wind and the cold, wintery light. But you knew there would always be the spring, as you knew the river would flow again after it was frozen. When the cold rains kept on and killed the spring, it was as though a young person died for no reason.”

― Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast

According to the passage, what is the implied significance of the river flowing again after being frozen?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

362Q1022564 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Produção Teatral, UNICAMP, VUNESP, 2024

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What does a Theatrical Company Manager do?



It’s difficult to pin down exactly what a theatrical company manager does simply because they do so much: negotiate contracts, organize payroll, pay for purchases of outside materials, organize rehearsals, arrange transportation and lodging for cast and crew, assist the director, and – of course – handle emergencies inside and outside of the theater. Crucially, company managers also act as the link between the general manager – their boss – and the rest of the company. A generalized problem solver with a focus on human resources and logistics, the company manager’s work is never over, and rarely the same from day to day.

Expected Professional Education

The company manager is one of the highest-ranking professionals in any theater company or production, responsible for overseeing almost all logistical and administrative processes. While a company manager could possibly do well with no more than a bachelor’s degree, most theater companies prefer a master’s degree in theater management, business management, or arts administration.

Many company managers get started as stage managers, working directly with the director, actors, and designers in rehearsal and calling the show. Over time, they may move gradually towards the broader logistical duties of a company manager, perhaps progressing first to become the head of operations or audience services. As this is a high-ranking position, most company managers advance by seeking longterm positions with prestigious and well-funded companies. They can also progress to become general managers, or even choose to become production managers.

(https://www.berklee.edu. Adaptado)
The subtitle which best summarizes the content of the third paragraph is:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

363Q1024114 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Letras Inglês, Prefeitura de Campo Novo do Parecis MT, SELECON, 2024

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TEXT:

Four Key Language Skills: Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing
Discover how these skills interconnect and contribute to language proficiency, communication, and personal development

Language is a multifaceted tool that serves as a means of communication, expression, and understanding. Within the realm of language acquisition, four primary skills play a central role: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Each of these skills contributes uniquely to one's language proficiency and plays a vital role in different aspects of life. In this post, we will delve into the relative importance of these four key language skills and how they complement each other.
Speaking is often considered the most critical language skill, as it directly enables human communication. It facilitates interaction with others, both socially and professionally, allowing individuals to express their thoughts, ideas, and emotions effectively. The ability to speak fluently is especially crucial in situations like business negotiations, job interviews, and everyday conversations. Effective speaking enhances one's confidence, builds relationships, and fosters cultural understanding.
Listening is the counterpart to speaking, and it is equally essential in effective communication. Without strong listening skills, misunderstandings can arise, leading to breakdowns in communication. Active listening involves not only hearing words but also comprehending their meaning, tone, and context. Proficient listening enhances language learners' ability to engage in meaningful conversations, understand cultural nuances, and respond appropriately. In educational settings, strong listening skills are crucial for learning and comprehension.
Reading expands one's knowledge and understanding of language. It allows individuals to access a vast wealth of information, literature, and culture. Through reading, individuals can explore diverse perspectives, historical accounts, and contemporary issues. Reading also plays a significant role in academic and professional contexts, where individuals are required to process, analyze, and synthesize written information. Strong reading skills lead to improved vocabulary, comprehension, and critical thinking.
Writing is the skill that allows individuals to express their thoughts and ideas in a structured and organized manner. It serves as a means of documentation, creativity, and self-expression. In academic and professional settings, effective writing is essential for creating reports, essays, emails, and other forms of communication. It also plays a crucial role in preserving knowledge, culture, and history through the written word. Strong writing skills enable individuals to convey their thoughts with clarity and precision.
While each of these four language skills holds significance on its own, their importance is interconnected. They complement and reinforce each other, creating a holistic language proficiency. For instance, strong listening skills aid in developing accurate pronunciation when speaking. Reading enhances vocabulary, which in turn improves writing. Writing practice can lead to a deeper understanding of grammatical structures, benefiting both speaking and listening.
Moreover, in the modern world, technology has blurred the lines between these skills. Communication platforms, such as social media and instant messaging, require a combination of speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Multimedia content, including videos and podcasts, encourages learners to engage in both listening and speaking activities.
In conclusion, the four key language skills - speaking, listening, reading, and writing - each hold a unique and essential place in language acquisition and proficiency. Their relative importance depends on the context, goals, and individual preferences. However, it is the interplay of these skills that results in a well-rounded and effective communicator. Language learners benefit most when they strive for balance and competence in all four skills, enabling them to navigate the complexities of language in diverse personal, educational, and professional settings.


Available in: https://www.verbalplanet.com/blog/the-four-key-language-skillsimportance.asp Acesso em 21/10/2024

De acordo com o texto, a ação que permite ao aprendiz a expansão do conhecimento e do vocabulário, bem como a exploração de diversas perspectivas e relatos históricos, levando a uma melhor compreensão dos fatos e a um pensamento crítico é a:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

364Q1021814 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Edital n 12, Prefeitura de Palhoça SC, FEPESE, 2024

About the topic “Pre-Communicative Methods”, complete the following sentence:

“The pre-communicative practice in learning a language is similar to learn to walk as a baby. Learning a language needs this .................... stage until you become ........................ in using your words and moving your tongue in your mouth to ........................ your words fluently and correctly.”

Mark the option that correctly completes the blanks in the text.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

365Q1041789 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Conhecimentos Gerais para o Cargo 7, TRE MT, CESPE CEBRASPE

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Systems developers maintain, audit and improve organisational support systems by working on the internal operations of computers, using existing systems or incorporating new technologies to meet particular needs, often as advised by a systems analyst or architect. They test both hard and software systems, and diagnose and resolve system faults.
Their role also covers writing diagnostic programs, designing, and writing code for operating systems and software to ensure efficiency. When required, they make recommendations for future developments. Depending on the type of organisation, developers can become either systems or applications specialists.
The work undertaken by systems developers is generally of a highly complex and technical nature, and involves the application of computer science and mathematics in an environment which is constantly evolving due to technological advances and the strategic direction of their organisation.
Internet: (adapted).
According to the text, the tasks of a systems developer include.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

366Q1068677 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Especialidade Magistério em Inglês, EsFCEx, VUNESP, 2025

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Read the text to answer question.


Making the Case: The Importance

of Listening in Language Learning


It has taken many years to bring the language teaching profession around to realizing the importance of listening in second and foreign language learning. As observed by Rivers, long an advocate for listening comprehension, “Speaking does not of itself constitute communication unless what is said is comprehended by another person”. Teaching the comprehension of spoken speech is therefore of primary importance if the communication aim is to be reached” (1966, pp. 196, 204). The reasons for the nearly total neglect of listening are difficult to assess, but as Morley notes, “Perhaps an assumption that listening is a reflex, a little like breathing - listening seldom receives overt teaching attention in one’s native language - has masked the importance and complexity of listening with understanding in a non-native language” (1972, p. vii).

In reality, listening is used far more than any other single language skill in normal daily life. On average, we can expect to listen twice as much as we speak, four times more than we read, and five times more than we write.


(Joan Morley,. In: Marianne Celce-Murcia, (Ed.). Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston: Heinle&Heinle-Thomson, 2001. Adaptado)
Considering the information available in the presentation of the extract, it is correct to state that it is
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

367Q1022358 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Portuguesa e Inglês, Prefeitura de São Miguel Arcanjo SP, Avança SP, 2025

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Read the text below to answer question

“To read these books, in this way, as an exercise in self-knowledge, carries certain risks. Risks that are both personal and political. Risks that every student of Political Philosophy has known. These risks spring from the fact that philosophy teaches us, and unsettles us, by confronting us with what we already know. There is an irony: the difficulty of this course consists in the fact that it teaches what you already know. It works by taking what we know from familiar unquestioned settings, and making it strange. [...] Philosophy estranges us from the familiar, not by supplying new information, but by inviting and provoking a new way of seeing.


But, and here is the risk, once the familiar turns strange, it is never quite the same again. Self-knowledge is like lost innocence; however unsettling you find it, it can never be 'unthought' or 'unknown'. What makes this enterprise difficult, but also riveting, is that Moral and Political Philosophy is a story, and you don't know where the story would lead, but you do know that the story is about You.”


Text taken from: “Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?” Introduction Class ― Michael Sandel

The phrase "unquestioned settings" in the text refers to:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

368Q1024154 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Disciplina Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Aracaju SE, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

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The Benefits of ChatGPT in Educational Settings


Dr. Steve Watson from Cambridge University’s Faculty of Education remarked that “ChatGPT brings both new opportunities and new complexity.” This insight is especially relevant to education, in which ChatGPT can assist both teachers and students, reducing workloads and creating new learning opportunities. Here are key areas where ChatGPT can play a significant role in education according to his studies.


Personalized Learning


Though a digital tool, ChatGPT offers personalized learning experiences. It adapts to students’ unique learning styles through personalized recommendations based on their history. This allows students to receive targeted answers and support in any subject they need help with. ChatGPT also helps students build on topics they’re investigating by creating useful frameworks. Similarly, teachers can use it to craft content specific to their lessons and generate information for classroom discussions.


Virtual Tutoring


ChatGPT functions as a flexible virtual tutor, offering instant support. Unlike a one-size-fits-all approach, it adjusts to the students’ needs and provides immediate answers, which helps to reduce frustration and increases confidence. Students working under tight deadlines especially benefit from this on-demand access to help, as it allows them to solve problems quickly and avoid missing important project deadlines. ChatGPT can also identify areas where students struggle, providing targeted assistance in real time.


Language Learning


ChatGPT can also aid language learners. Like grammarly helps with writing, ChatGPT offers real-time translations, grammar corrections, and pronunciation feedback. Students struggling with language can improve their writing skills and gain confidence in their communication. The platform’s language prompts also make it easier to create targeted content, which is especially useful in foreign language classes. Teachers can fine-tune ChatGPT’s outputs to better meet specific class needs, enriching the learning experience.


Exam Preparation


When it comes to preparing for exams, ChatGPT is a powerful tool. It generates practice questions and gives feedback on student responses, helping students pinpoint areas they need to focus on. This makes ChatGPT a personalized study guide. Additionally, it provides grammar and vocabulary exercises, reducing study time while adding value to each session. These exercises can help students prepare for assessments more efficiently and build confidence.


Writing Assistance


Writing essays or assignments can feel daunting, but ChatGPT simplifies the process. It helps students generate topic ideas, corrects grammar and spelling, and suggests improvements to writing style. Acting like an online editor, ChatGPT streamlines content creation. Beyond basic writing help, it also fosters critical thinking and analytical skills. ChatGPT can process data, mirror human thinking, and deliver responses that help students draw logical conclusions and present their arguments clearly.


Internet: <aprendebrasil.com.br> (com adaptações).





According to the previous text, judge the following item.

In language learning, ChatGPT offers tools like grammar fixes and instant translation, which can be handy for students aiming to enhance their writing.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

369Q1022631 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor B Inglês, Prefeitura de Pedras de Fogo PB, EDUCA, 2025

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TEXT 2


WHAT IS THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH?


In the Communicative Approach, real communication and interaction is not only the objective in learning, but also the means through which it takes place. This approach started in the 70s and became prominent as it proposed an alternative to the then ubiquitous systems-oriented approaches, such as the Audiolingual method. That means that, instead of focusing on the acquisition of grammar and vocabulary (grammatical/linguistic competence), the Communicative Approach aimed at developing the learner’s competence to communicate in the target language (communicative competence), with an enhanced focus on real-life situations.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: https://www.whatiselt.com/single-post/2018/08/23/what-is-thecommunicative-approach

According to text 2, how does the Communicative Approach view language learning:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

370Q1023153 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de Caconde SP, Avança SP, 2024

“Oh! for God's sake let me go!" cried Oliver; "let me run away and die in the fields. I will never come near London; never, never! Oh! pray have mercy on me, and do not make me steal. For the love of all the bright Angels that rest in Heaven, have mercy upon me!”
― Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist

In the passage, what is Oliver's desperate plea to those around him?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

371Q1024178 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista Administrativo de Projetos, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

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A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The word “collude” (third sentence of the fourth paragraph) is used metaphorically in the text.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

372Q1022653 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês Português, EMBRAPA, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

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Agriculture and fisheries are closely linked to climate, making them vulnerable to changes in temperature, CO2 levels, and extreme weather. While increased temperature and CO2 can enhance some crop yields, this depends on factors like nutrient levels, soil moisture, and water availability. More frequent droughts and floods could challenge food production and safety, while warming waters may shift fish habitats, disrupting ecosystems. Overall, climate change may complicate traditional methods of farming, livestock raising, and fishing.

Crop responses to temperature changes depend on each crop's optimal growth temperature. Warmer conditions might benefit certain crops or enable the cultivation of new ones, but yields decline if temperatures exceed a crop's threshold. Increased CO2 can enhance plant growth under controlled conditions but may be offset by water, nutrient, and temperature constraints. Additionally, elevated CO2 reduces the protein and nitrogen content in crops like soybeans and alfalfa, lowering their quality and diminishing the forage value for livestock.

Extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. For example, high nighttime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 lowered U.S. corn yields, while premature budding caused $ 220 million in losses for Michigan cherries in 2012. Rising summer temperatures may also dry soils, complicating drought management. Increased irrigation could help, but reduced water availability might limit its feasibility.

Climate change also favors weeds, pests, and fungi, which thrive in warmer, wetter conditions with higher CO2 levels. This could expose crops to new threats and increase farming costs. U.S. farmers already spend over $ 11 billion annually on weed control, and these challenges are likely to grow as weed and pest ranges expand.

While rising CO2 stimulates plant growth, it also lowers the nutritional value of major crops like wheat, rice, and soybeans by reducing their protein and mineral content. This poses a potential risk to human health. Additionally, increased pest pressure may lead to higher pesticide use, further impacting health and reducing pesticide effectiveness. Climate change, therefore, presents multifaceted challenges to food production, nutrition, and ecosystems.

Internet:<climatechange.chicago.gov> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge item below.

The crop’s growth temperature has to be great to be beneficial to agriculture.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

373Q1024215 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Rancho Queimado SC, Instituto Fênix, 2024

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TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Foods with Good Bacteria


MOTHER EARTH NEWS – Like many of us, I didn’t think much about my gut health when I was younger. But being more responsible for my own foods when I moved out of the house changed what I bought. For some items, it’s a matter of swapping out a product that’s high in processed sugar and other additives for a healthier option. For others, I’ve rethought my food choices altogether, which includes considering guthealthy options to buy at my local store or make myself. If you’re beginning to explore fermented foods, you’re in the right spot. Here are a few foods with good bacteria and some fermented foods recipes you can try.


Source: https://www.postjournal.com/wire/?category=5307&ID=317975

Which of the following best describes the tone of the phrase, “If you’re beginning to explore fermented foods, you’re in the right spot”?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

374Q1022942 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Marechal Floriano ES, Instituto Access, 2025

The Brazilian Law for the Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (LBI), also known as the Statute of Persons with Disabilities, redefined the model for understanding disability, bringing significant changes to the legal system and aligning it with the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Based on the Statute of Persons with Disabilities, select the option that correctly expresses the legal concept of disability adopted by Brazilian legislation.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

375Q1024484 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Arrumador, OGMO Paranaguá PR, IDCAP, 2024

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O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Manufacturing dips as container outlook slides


The NEOI fell to 48.9 in August from 49.6 in July, indicating deteriorating trade conditions for the third consecutive month. Traded goods slowed in both developed and emerging markets, but India maintained a modest growth in goods exports during August, the last month for which figures are available.

In addition, the global PMI has shown a contraction of manufacturing, signalling a further deterioration in cargo levels in the immediate future.

"China's goods exports fell for the first time in 2024, signalling a broader decline in manufacturing as the year progresses," said global freight forwarder Dimerco.

Headquartered in Taiwan, the Taipei-listed forwarder said that the Federal Reserve's recent interest rate cut may revive global goods trade.

August trading in the US continued to grow amid concerns about a US East Coast strike, and a November election that could see major import tariffs imposed on goods, said Dimerco.

"The early peak season suggests an earlier-than-usual start to the slow season, with expected declines in handling volume from September to December, projected at 2.31m, 2.08m, 1.92m, and 1.89m teu, respectively. If these forecasts hold, total port volume for 2024 could reach 24.98m teu, a 12% increase from 2023," said Alvin Fuh, VP - ocean freight at Dimerco Express Group.

Dynamar analyst Darron Wadey, said: "Approaching 470 vessels bringing around 3.2m teu in capacity are expected to be delivered by the end of 2024."

That massive increase in capacity, and the fact that much of this increase is for larger sized vessels, means that any correction in freight rates should have started up to a year ago, according to Wadey.

"It is only the happenstance of the Red Sea and US East Coast situations that have, artificially, buoyed the markets. When the markets do correct therefore, the falls will only be more dramatic because the inevitable has been delayed whilst the stream of new ships coming online continues," said Wadey.

Drewry Shipping Consultants' analysis shows that blank sailings are expected to increase between 9 September and 7 October with an additional 53 blanked sailings, totalling 90 for the period. Some 67% of these cancelled services were on the Pacific eastbound, while a further 21% on the Asia to Europe trades and 12% on the Atlantic.

Even with these cancelled services, rates are continuing to fall on all the major trades, according to Dimerco.

New entrants are said to be another element to failure of lines to maintain rate levels.

"While the three major alliances are increasing blank sailings, several individual carriers have deployed 11 extra vessels for Europe WB and 14 for TPEB to handle the expected cargo surge before China's Golden Week. However, the anticipated pre-October 1 cargo rush in China did not materialise this year, leaving no backlogs or rollover cargo for these extra loaders to transport," said Dimerco's monthly analysis.

Rebalancing trade can only be achieved through the long-term and steady growth of trade, said Wadey, combined with "a strategic rather than knee-jerk ship ordering policy". These required shifts are generational, he said, "in the short term, political events in the US might lead to an end-2024 rush for cargoes again... but then where does that leave 2025 and beyond?"

Drewry's WCI index fell a further 7% this week, closing at $3,691/feu.

https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/containers/manufacturing-dips-as-c ontainer-outlook-slides
What is the projected handling volume decline for the period from September to December, according to Dimerco?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

376Q1023477 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Joinville SC, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

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Text 9A1


Research into how multilingual people juggle more than one language in their minds is complex and sometimes counterintuitive. It turns out that when a multilingual person wants to speak, the languages they know can be active at the same time, even if only one gets used. These languages can interfere with each other, for example intruding into speech just when you do not expect them. And interference can manifest itself not just in vocabulary slip-ups, but even on the level of grammar or accent. “From research we know that whenever a bilingual or multilingual is speaking, both languages or all the languages that they know are activated,” says Mathieu Declerck, a senior research fellow at the Vrije Universiteit in Brussels. “For example, when you want to say ‘dog’ as a French-English bilingual, not just ‘dog’ is activated, but also its translation equivalent, so ‘chien’ is also activated.” As such, the speaker needs to have some sort of language control process. If you think about it, the ability of bilingual and multilingual speakers to separate the languages they have learned is remarkable. How they do this is commonly explained through the concept of inhibition — a suppression of the non-relevant languages. However, when this control system fails, intrusions and lapses can occur. For example, insufficient inhibition of a language can cause it to “pop up” and intrude when you are meant to be speaking in a different one.

Tamar Gollan, a professor of psychiatry at the University of California San Diego, has been studying language control in bilinguals for years. Her research has often led to counterintuitive findings. She explains that when mixing languages, multilinguals are navigating a sort of balancing act, inhibiting the stronger language to even things out — and sometimes, they go too far in the wrong direction. “When bilinguals are mixing languages, it seems like they inhibit the dominant language so much that they actually are slower to speak in certain contexts. I think the best analogy is: imagine you suddenly become better at writing in your non-dominant hand. We have been calling this reversed dominance.” Reversed dominance effects can be particularly evident when bilinguals switch between languages in a single conversation, says Gollan.

Navigating such interference could perhaps be part of what makes it hard for an adult to learn a new language, especially if they have grown up monolingual. One thing that might help is immersing yourself in the environment of the foreign language. “You are creating a context in which you are strongly holding back this other language, so that gives room for the other (new) language to become stronger,” says Matt Goldrick, a professor of linguistics at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. “When you return from that immersion experience, hopefully you can better manage that competition,” he adds. “That competition will never go away, you just get better at managing it.”

Managing competition is certainly something that multilinguals do tend to have a lot of practice in. Many researchers argue that this brings them certain cognitive advantages — although it is worth noting that the jury’s still out on this, with others saying their own research does not show reliable evidence for a bilingual cognitive advantage. In any case, using languages is arguably one of the most complex activities humans learn how to do. And having to manage multiple languages has been linked to cognitive benefits in many studies, depending on task and age. Some studies have shown bilinguals perform better, for example, in activities when participants have to focus on counterintuitive information. Speaking multiple languages has also been linked to delayed onset of dementia symptoms. And of course, multilingualism brings many obvious benefits beyond the brain, not least the social benefit of being able to speak to many people.


Internet:http://www.bbc.com/(adapted).
In the sentence “However, when this control system fails, intrusions and lapses can occur” (end of the first paragraph of text 9A1), the word “However” can be correctly replaced, without changing the meaning of the sentence and without harming its correctness, with
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

377Q1023482 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Alagoa Nova PB, CPCON, 2023

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READ TEXT 3 TO ANSWER THE QUESTION:


Text 3


The large majority of humankind is more or less fluent in 2 or even more languages. This raises the fundamental question how the language network in the brain is organized such that the correct target language is selected at aparticularoccasion. Here we present particular behavioral and functional magnetic resonanceimagingdata showing that bilingual processing leads to languageconflictin thebilingual brain even when the bilinguals' task only required target language knowledge. This finding demonstrates that the bilingualbrain cannot avoid language conflict, because words from the target and nontarget languages become automatically activated during reading.Importantly,stimulus-based languageconflictwas found in brain regions in the LIPC associated with phonological and semantic processing,whereasresponse-based language con whereas flict was only found in the pre-supplementary motor area/anterior cingulate cortex when language conflict leads to response conflicts.


Index terms: event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, interlingual homographs, lexical decision, pre-supplementary motor area and anterior cingulated, response conflict.


(Adapted from: https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/18/11/2706/296045)
What is the discourse genre of TEXT 3?
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378Q1022460 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Língua Estrangeira, Prefeitura de São Luís do Quitunde AL, ADM TEC, 2024

Read the following dialogue.

Ana: So, Jonas finally spoke about why he gave up on the project. What did you think of it?
Marcos: Well, as soon as I heard, I thought, “That’s such a farfetched statement.”
Ana: I know what you mean because it gave me the same impression.
Marcos: I believe it’s quite unlikely for anyone to buy that.
Ana: Yeah, tell me about it!

Based on this dialogue, mark the assertions below as True (T) or False (F).

( ) In Ana’s last line, she wants to know Marcos’ point of view again.
( ) By using the adjective “far-fetched”, Marcos expresses that Jonas’ statement was difficult to believe.
( ) “Unlikely” and “mean” are, respectively, an adverb and an adjective.
( ) The verb “buy”, used in its literal meaning by Marcos, changes to “brought” in the past simple and past participle form.

The assertions are, in the order presented, respectively:
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379Q1023507 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Função Publicitário, ITAIPU BINACIONAL, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.

Text 19A4-I


It is a universal fact that cinema is a visual medium. Films have the power to overwhelm our senses as well as our minds, subjecting us to a variety of experiences that can range from the sublime to the devastating. Colours play a crucial role in this interesting phenomenon, forming an integral part of the composition of each frame and dictating how the viewer perceives the spectacle on the screen. Apart from the cinematic medium, colours have always been a part of our experience and how we make sense of the vastly nuanced world around us. Although science has definitively explained what colours are in terms of light, they have always mystified artists and philosophers like Arthur Schopenhauer and Ludwig Wittgenstein, who tried to understand their importance in anthropological frameworks.


More notably, the famous German poet and artist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe published a seminal exploration of colours in his 1810 work Theory of Colours. In it, he examined how each colour corresponds to various psychological states in the minds of human beings. He wrote, “Light and darkness, brightness and obscurity, or if a more general expression is preferred, light and its absence, are necessary to the production of colour… Colour itself is a degree of darkness.” Goethe’s theories might seem baselessly romantic in the 21st century but the underlying ideas have been implemented by filmmakers and cinematographers to curate the voyeuristic experiences of their audiences. Famed cinematographer Vittorio Storaro has based his artistic vision on Goethe’s work, insisting that colours do have a direct connection to the mind of the viewer.



Internet: <https://faroutmagazine.co.uk> (adapted).

According to text 19A4-I, filmmakers and cinematographers implement Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s theories on colours
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380Q1022232 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Ensino Fundamental, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
We do not know how art began any more than we know how language started. If we take art to mean such activities as building temples and houses, making pictures and sculptures, or weaving patterns, there is no people in all the world without art. If, on the other hand, we mean by art some kind of beautiful luxury, something to enjoy in museums and exhibitions or something special to use as a precious decoration in the best parlour, we must realize that this use of the word is a very recent development. We can best understand this difference if we think of architecture. There is scarcely any building in the world which was not erected for a particular purpose. Those who use these buildings as places of worship or entertainment, or as dwellings, judge them first and foremost by standards of utility. But apart from this, they may like or dislike the design or the proportions of the structure, and appreciate the efforts of the good architect to make it not only practical but right. In the past the attitude to paintings and statues was often similar. They were not thought of as mere works of art but as objects which had a definite function.

Similarly, we are not likely to understand the art of the past if we are quite ignorant of the aims it had to serve. The further we go back in history, the more definite but also the more strange are the aims which art was supposed to serve. The same applies if we leave towns and cities and go to the peasants or, better still, if we travel to the peoples whose ways of life still resemble the conditions in which our remote ancestors lived. Among them there is no difference between building and image-making as far as usefulness is concerned. Their huts are there to shelter them from rain, wind and sunshine and the spirits which produce them; images are made to protect them against other powers which are, to them, as real as the forces of nature. Pictures and statues, in other words, are used to work magic.

E. H. Gombrich. The story of art.
New York, Phaidon, 2024. 16th ed. p. 9-10 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, its ideas and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

According to the author, works of art of the past were produced for purposes which went beyond being beautiful.

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