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Questões de Concursos Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension

Resolva questões de Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension comentadas com gabarito, online ou em PDF, revisando rapidamente e fixando o conteúdo de forma prática.

721Q1025046 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Edital n 5, USP, FUVEST, 2024

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Among my fellow punctuation nerds, I have a reputation as someone who does not see any use for semicolons. Cecelia Watson, who teaches at Bard College, has written a whole book about them: “Semicolon: The Past, Present, and Future of a Misunderstood Mark.”
Watson, a historian and philosopher of science and a teacher of writing and the humanities—in other words, a Renaissance woman—gives us a deceptively playful-looking book that turns out to be a scholarly treatise on a sophisticated device that has contributed eloquence and mystery to Western civilization.
The semicolon itself was a Renaissance invention. It first appeared in 1494, in a book published in Venice by Aldus Manutius. “De Aetna,” Watson explains, was “an essay, written in dialogue form,” about climbing Mt. Etna. The mark was a hybrid between a comma and a colon, and its purpose was to prolong a pause or create a more distinct separation between parts of a sentence.
The problem with the semicolon is not how it looks but what it does and how that has changed over time. In the old days, punctuation simply indicated a pause. Comma, colon: semicolon; period. Eventually, grammarians and copy editors came along and made themselves indispensable by punctuating (“pointing”) a writer’s prose “to delineate clauses properly, such that punctuation served syntax.” That is, commas, semicolons, and colons were included in a sentence in order to highlight, subordinate, or otherwise conduct its elements, connecting them syntactically. One of the rules is that, unless you are composing a list, a semicolon is supposed to be followed by a complete clause, capable of standing on its own. The semicolon can take the place of a conjunction, like “and” or “but,” but it should not be used in addition to it.


https://www.newyorker.com/culture/comma-queen/sympathy-for-thesemicolon. July 15, 2019. Adaptado.
Na opinião do narrador do texto, o sinal de ponto e vírgula
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722Q1022233 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Ensino Fundamental, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

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We do not know how art began any more than we know how language started. If we take art to mean such activities as building temples and houses, making pictures and sculptures, or weaving patterns, there is no people in all the world without art. If, on the other hand, we mean by art some kind of beautiful luxury, something to enjoy in museums and exhibitions or something special to use as a precious decoration in the best parlour, we must realize that this use of the word is a very recent development. We can best understand this difference if we think of architecture. There is scarcely any building in the world which was not erected for a particular purpose. Those who use these buildings as places of worship or entertainment, or as dwellings, judge them first and foremost by standards of utility. But apart from this, they may like or dislike the design or the proportions of the structure, and appreciate the efforts of the good architect to make it not only practical but right. In the past the attitude to paintings and statues was often similar. They were not thought of as mere works of art but as objects which had a definite function.

Similarly, we are not likely to understand the art of the past if we are quite ignorant of the aims it had to serve. The further we go back in history, the more definite but also the more strange are the aims which art was supposed to serve. The same applies if we leave towns and cities and go to the peasants or, better still, if we travel to the peoples whose ways of life still resemble the conditions in which our remote ancestors lived. Among them there is no difference between building and image-making as far as usefulness is concerned. Their huts are there to shelter them from rain, wind and sunshine and the spirits which produce them; images are made to protect them against other powers which are, to them, as real as the forces of nature. Pictures and statues, in other words, are used to work magic.

E. H. Gombrich. The story of art.
New York, Phaidon, 2024. 16th ed. p. 9-10 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, its ideas and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The author distinguishes between two different notions of art, one of which he points out to be a recent development.

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723Q1025053 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Edital n 5, USP, FUVEST, 2024

Have you ever taken the time to craft a detailed email to a colleague, or perhaps a text message to a friend, only to have them shoot back a one-line response that makes it clear they didn’t read past the first sentence? The Gazette interviewed Todd Rogers, a behavioural scientist, about his book, “Writing for Busy Readers: Communicate More Effectively in the Real World”.
Gazette:You make a distinction between “effective writing” and “beautiful writing.” What do you mean by effective writing? Rogers:Effective writing is practical writing with the goal of getting the reader to understand and potentially respond. The guiding insight for the book is that our readers are not reading what we write carefully. Gazette:You discuss experiments that support strategies for simplifying writing. Could you summarize a few of those tips? Rogers:First: Less is more: fewer words, fewer ideas, fewer requests. Omit needless words, so that’s not radical, and it’s costless. Eliminating somewhat-useful-but-not-necessary ideas is harder. It’s a balance between getting the point across and adding too much. Finally, the more actions a message asks of readers, the less likely readers are to do any one of them. Second: Add structure. Most people aren’t reading linearly; they’re jumping around. Third: Use enough formatting, but no more. We found that people interpretunderline,bold, and highlight as the writer saying to the reader, “this is the most important content.” When writers highlight or bold a section in a document or an email, it dramatically increases the likelihood that people read that portion, but it decreases the likelihood that they read the rest of the message.
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/10/tips-on-how-to-connectwith-people-who-dont-have-time-to-read. Acesso em: 23/02/2024.Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, uma dificuldade apontada por Todd Rogers, no que diz respeito à simplificação da escrita, refere-se a
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724Q1022242 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Ensino Fundamental, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Girls play outside in nature less than boys do, even at the age of two, according to the first national survey of play among preschool-age children in Britain. While researchers expect to see older children socialised to particular gender roles, they were shocked to see similar patterns of behaviour starting to emerge at such a young age. They fear it could have long-term implications for girls’ health, as girls are less physically active as they get older and are more likely than boys to have difficulties with their mental health.

The study also found that preschool-age children from a minority ethnic background play less outdoors than their white counterparts, and children in urban areas play less outdoors than those in rural areas. “The results highlight inequalities in play even in the youngest age group, which may exacerbate existing inequalities in health,” the report concluded.

The research surveyed more than 1,100 parents and carers of children aged two, three and four. They found that preschool children spent approximately four hours a day at play, of which one hour and 45 minutes was spent playing outdoors, mainly in back gardens at home. Away from home, children played in playgrounds and green spaces, with the most adventurous play usually associated with indoor play centres.

“The popularity of these play centers is growing,” the report said. “This may be driven by indoor play centres providing adventurous play experiences that overcome some of the barriers to outdoor adventurous play such as traffic, weather and safety concerns.”

Sally Weale. Girls play outside less than boys even at two years old, UK survey reveals.
In: The Guardian. Internet:<theguardian.com> (adapted).

According to the preceding text, judge the following item.

The survey’s results suggest that the inequalities between boys and girls appear even sooner than the researchers expected.

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725Q1019947 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, QM 2020, SEDUCSP, VUNESP, 2025

Texto associado.
Read the text and answer question.


As one of the oldest and most influential foreign language pedagogical journals, The Modern Language Journal (MLJ) offers valuable insights into how technological advances have affected language teaching and learning at various points in history. The present article will review the proposed pedagogical use of technological resources by means of a critical analysis of articles published in the MLJ since its first edition in 1916. The assessment of how previous technical capabilities have been implemented for pedagogical purposes represents a necessary background for the assessment of the pedagogical potential of present-day technologies. In this article I argue that, whereas most “new technologies” (radio, television, VCR, computers) may have been revolutionary in the overall context of human interaction, it is not clear that they have achieved equal degrees of pedagogical benefit in the realm of second language teaching. I further claim that the pedagogical effectiveness of different technologies is related to four major questions: (a) Is increased technological sophistication correlated to increased pedagogical effectiveness? (b) Which technical attributes specific to newtechnologies can be profitably exploited for pedagogical purposes? (c) How can new technologies be successfully integrated into the curriculum? and (d) Do new technologies provide for an efficient use of human and material resources?


(Salaberry, M. Researchgate.net. Adaptado)
Assuming the text was taken from an academic article, its characteristics are consistent with the
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726Q1024050 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Língua Estrangeira Moderna, Prefeitura de Divinópolis MG, Consulplan, 2024

Leia o texto a seguir atentamente.

The proliferation of approaches and methods is a prominent characteristic of contemporary second andforeign language teaching. To some, this reflects the strength of the teaching profession. Invention of new classroom practices and approaches to designing language programs and materials reflects a commitment to finding more efficient and more effective ways of teaching languages. The classroom teacher and the program coordinator have a wider variety of methodological options to choose from than ever before. They can choose methods and materials according to the needs of learners, the preferences of teachers, and the constraints of the school or educational setting. To others, however, the wide variety of method options currently available confuses rather than comforts. Methods appear to be based on very different views of what language is and how a language is learned. Some methods recommend apparently strange and unfamiliar classroom techniques and practices; others are described in books that are hard to locate, obscurely written, and difficult to understand. Above all, the practitioner is often bewildered by the lack of any comprehensive theory of what an approach and method are.

Some of the responses to these issues may take the form of new approaches and methods as the teaching profession responds to the findings of new research and to the developments in educational theory and practice. The initiatives for changing programs and pedagogy may come from within the profession as well as from demands of a political, social, or even fiscal nature. Therefore, identifying some of the factors that have influenced language teaching trends’ shifts in the past, and that can be expected to continue to do so in the future, is relevant.

(Available: https://www.novaconcursos.com.br/blog/pdf/richards-jack-c.-&-rodgers.pdf. Adapted.)


Consideram-se exemplos dos fatores aos quais se refere o segundo parágrafo, EXCETO:

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727Q1023548 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia, CAPES, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.
Back in October 2011, Stanford professors launched three free online courses, open to the public. One by one, these courses went massive, with enrollments topping 100.000 students each. Soon the media was calling these courses MOOCs, short for massive open online courses.
Since then, more than 1.200 universities around the world have launched free online courses. In addition to the larger global MOOC platforms, many national governments around the world have launched their own country-specific MOOC platforms, including India, Italy, Israel, Mexico and Thailand.
After a decade of popularization, in 2021, over 220 million students had signed up for at least one course on one of these platforms, and 40 million did so in 2021 alone. MOOCs and MOOC platforms are still growing, even after the crazy “Year of the MOOC” prompted by the pandemic and travel restrictions.
At Class Central, we try to catalog as many MOOCs as possible, and our listing currently includes more than 150.000 of them, from MOOC platforms and other online learning platforms. But due to limited resources, we cannot index every single one. If you’re looking for MOOCs from around the world, this list is our best attempt to catalog all different MOOC platforms that are out there.

Internet:<https://classcentral.coom> (adapted)

Keeping in mind the ideas expressed above and the linguistic aspects of the text, judge the following item.

According to third paragraph of the text, more than 220 million students registered on MOOC platforms during the so called “Year of the MOOC” — 2021.

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728Q1022271 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Infraestrutura e Segurança Manhã, TCE PI, FGV, 2025

Texto associado.
Read Text II and answer the five questions that follow it


Text II

OpenAI’s GPT-4 Scores in the Top 1% of Creative Thinking

By Erik Guzik

Of all the forms of human intellect that one might expect artificial intelligence to emulate, few people would likely place creativity at the top of their list. Creativity is wonderfully mysterious—and frustratingly fleeting. It defines us as human beings—and seemingly defies the cold logic that lies behind the silicon curtain of machines. Yet, the use of AI for creative endeavors is now growing.

New AI tools like DALL-E and Midjourney are increasingly part of creative production, and some have started to win awards for their creative output. The growing impact is both social and economic—as just one example, the potential of AI to generate new, creative content is a defining flashpoint behind the Hollywood writers’ strike.

And if our recent study into the striking originality of AI is any indication, the emergence of AI-based creativity—along with examples of both its promise and peril—is likely just beginning.

When people are at their most creative, they’re responding to a need, goal, or problem by generating something new—a product or solution that didn’t previously exist.

In this sense, creativity is an act of combining existing resources — ideas, materials, knowledge — in a novel way that’s useful or gratifying. Quite often, the result of creative thinking is also surprising, leading to something the creator did not — and perhaps could not — foresee.

Our results?

GPT-4 scored in the top 1 percent of test-takers for the originality of its ideas. From our research, we believe this marks one of the first examples of AI meeting or exceeding the human ability for original thinking.

In short, we believe that AI models like GPT-4 are capable of producing ideas that people see as unexpected, novel, and unique. Other researchers are arriving at similar conclusions in their research of AI and creativity.

Adapted from https://singularityhub.com/2023/09/10/openais-gpt-4-scores-in-thetop-1-of-creative-thinking/
When the writer qualifies creativity as being frustratingly fleeting (1st paragraph), he characterizes it as being disappointingly
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729Q1023297 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, TI, TCE SP, FGV, 2023

Texto associado.
Is It Live, or Is It Deepfake?


It’s been four decades since society was in awe of the quality of recordings available from a cassette recorder tape. Today we have something new to be in awe of: deepfakes. Deepfakes include hyperrealistic videos that use artificial intelligence (AI) to create fake digital content that looks and sounds real. The word is a portmanteau of “deep learning” and “fake.” Deepfakes are everywhere: from TV news to advertising, from national election campaigns to wars between states, and from cybercriminals’ phishing campaigns to insurance claims that fraudsters file. And deepfakes come in all shapes and sizes — videos, pictures, audio, text, and any other digital material that can be manipulated with AI. One estimate suggests that deepfake content online is growing at the rate of 400% annually.


There appear to be legitimate uses of deepfakes, such as in the medical industry to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AI algorithms in identifying periodontal disease or to help medical professionals create artificial patients (from real patient data) to safely test new diagnoses and treatments or help physicians make medical decisions. Deepfakes are also used to entertain, as seen recently on America’s Got Talent, and there may be future uses where deepfake could help teachers address the personal needs and preferences of specific students.


Unfortunately, there is also the obvious downside, where the most visible examples represent malicious and illegitimate uses. Examples already exist.


Deepfakes also involve voice phishing, also known as vishing, which has been among the most common techniques for cybercriminals. This technique involves using cloned voices over the phone to exploit the victim’s professional or personal relationships by impersonating trusted individuals. In March 2019, cybercriminals were able to use a deepfake to fool the CEO of a U.K.-based energy firm into making a US$234,000 wire transfer. The British CEO who was victimized thought that the person speaking on the phone was the chief executive of the firm’s German parent company. The deepfake caller asked him to transfer the funds to a Hungarian supplier within an hour, emphasizing that the matter was extremely urgent. The fraudsters used AI-based software to successfully imitate the German executive’s voice. […]


What can be done to combat deepfakes? Could we create deepfake detectors? Or create laws or a code of conduct that probably would be ignored?


There are tools that can analyze the blood flow in a subject’s face and then compare it to human blood flow activity to detect a fake. Also, the European Union is working on addressing manipulative behaviors.


There are downsides to both categories of solutions, but clearly something needs to be done to build trust in this emerging and disruptive technology. The problem isn’t going away. It is only increasing.


Authors


Nit Kshetri, Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA


Joanna F. DeFranco, Software Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, PA, USA Jeffrey Voas, NIST, USA


Adapted from: https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2023/07/10154234/ 1O1wTOn6ynC
Based on the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

( ) Deepfakes are circumscribed to certain areas of action.
( ) The sole aim of deepfake technology is to spread misinformation.
( ) Evidence shows that even high-ranking executives can be easy targets to vishing techniques.

The statements are, respectively:
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730Q1023558 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de Cunha SP, AGIRH, 2023

Texto associado.

Text: “Why do people collect?”

Petra Engels owns 19,571 erasers, Carol Vaughn has 1,221 bars of soap, and Ralf Shrőder has a collection of 14,502 packets of sugar. Many people love to collect things, but why? Psychologists and collectors have different opinions.

The psychologist Carl Jung believed that collecting is part of our ancient human history. Thousands of years ago, humans collected nuts and berries. They kept them carefully and ate them when there was no food. The best collectors survived long cold winters or seasons without rain. Their genes passed to future generations. Nowadays, we still have a collecting instinct.

Historian Philipp Bloom has a different opinion. He thinks collectors want to make something that will remain after their death. By bringing many similar items together, the collector gains historical importance. Sometimes their collections become museums or libraries, for example, Henry Huntington, who founded a library in Los Angeles to house his collection of books.

Author Steve Roach thinks that people collect things to remember their childhood. Many children collect things, but few have enough money to buy the things they really want, and they lose interest. In later life, they remember their collections fondly. Now, they have enough money and opportunity to find special items, and they start collecting again. This way, they can re-live and enjoy their childhood years.

Art collector, Werner Muensterberger, agrees that collecting is linked to childhood. But he believes we collect in order to feel safe and secure. While babies hold blankets or toys to feel safe when their mother isn’t there, adults collect things to stop feeling lonely or anxious.

Autograph collector Mark Baker agrees that collecting is emotional, but he doesn’t collect to reduce anxiety. “For me, it’s the excitement,” he says. “I love trying to get a famous person’s autograph. Sometimes I succeed, and sometimes I fail. Also, by collecting autographs, I feel connected to famous people. I don’t just watch them on television. I actually meet them.”

These are just a few reasons for collecting. Do you know any people with collections? Why do they collect?

Questions related to the text above

Collecting links ordinary people to the lives of well-known people.

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731Q1022023 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Língua Portuguesa Inglesa, Prefeitura de Lucas do Rio Verde MT, SELECON, 2024

Texto associado.
TEXT:


How students can make rapid progress by reading
independently


By Stephanie Hirshman
January 2, 2024



Let me start with a true story. When I was seven years old, my family spent a year in France, and I had to go to school there. The only thing was, I didn’t speak French. Luckily my mother was fluent in that language, and she set out to prepare me a few months before we left. Armed only with a second-hand copy of a little picture book called Totor et Tristan, she sat me down on the sofa with her a few times a week for around 10 minutes. Sometimes she read the book to me while I followed the text silently and sometimes I had to read a page myself. She asked me questions in French and I answered in French, or she corrected my pronunciation. That was it.


My first day at school in France was memorable for many reasons, but one of these was that I was the only child in a class of native French speakers to score 100% on our first spelling test! Everyone was amazed, me most of all because I didn’t even know what most of the words meant.


So, what made this possible? I think it was reading with my mother – I guess had read more in French than my classmates and thus was able to recognize the tricky relationship between sound and spelling. My confidence was sky high and I was fluent within four months.


Exploring a written text for fun, on your own terms, is called extensive reading, and teachers can support their students to realize its many benefits.


Graded readers


Graded readers are books which have been adapted to be suitable for specific levels of language learners to enjoy. They can be classics (The Phantom of the Opera), film adaptations (Rain Man) or original works of fiction or non-fiction. They can be purchased online or at bookshops, or you can obtain them from libraries or even find some on websites.


There are many reasons for making them available to students. First, reading is fun. It’s also magic learning. Students who have a sustained habit of extensive reading see improvements in a range of areas: lexical, grammatical and spelling as well as reading speed, which is vital for success in academic and work contexts. Being able to select their own reading material gives students a sense of ownership.


Choosing a book


It’s helpful if a teacher initially introduces students to graded readers and explains how to choose and use them. Students should examine both covers carefully, using the picture and the blurb to determine the genre and read a basic description of the story. Additional information can be found inside the book, in the Introduction.


While it’s not necessary to have 100% comprehension of the text, choosing a book which is too difficult or too easy will not lead to an enjoyable experience. Most books are labelled with a level, but no two intermediate readers will have the same needs. Therefore, a simple test can be performed: the student should choose one page at random and read it to see how many unknown words they encounter. If the answer is seven or fewer, this book will be suitable. More than seven, and it’ll be too hard to get a good flow going when reading.



Activities


While students are reading, they should try to work out the meaning of unfamiliar items from context. They should also be made aware of the Glossary at the back of some books and, of course, they can use a dictionary if they really need to. However, some items do notreally need further exploration - making decisions about what’s important and what’s not is an important skill for language learners. Some books also have comprehension questions at the back.


However, the main aim is to get into and enjoy the story without lots of interruptions and checks. Encourage students to read ten minutes a day on a regular basis (perhaps in bed or while commuting). Results will not be immediate, but within a few weeks, students should recognize the improvements.


Conclusion


A collection of readers is well worth investing in. Be creative when looking for material – why not try a graphic novel? Even authentic texts not intended for language learners can be worthwhile for advanced students or those with a special interest in or knowledge of a topic.


Adapted from: https://www.linguahouse.com/blog/post/how-students-can-make-rapid-progress-by-reading-independently
Acesso em 04/11/2024

Dentre as concepções metodológicas referentes ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua inglesa, aquela que está alinhada com a experiência relatada pela autora no início do texto, ao relatar a forma como sua mãe lhe preparou para passar um ano na França, é a concepção chamada:
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732Q1023306 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Eletricista, Transpetro, CESGRANRIO, 2023

Texto associado.
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry


1 The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly. Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:

2 1. Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.

3 2. Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum, it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.

4 3. Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a common sight in the world’s oceans.

5 4. Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry. Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as documentation and billing.

6 5. Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.

7 6. Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.

8 Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods around the world.


Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
The vessel that is NOT adequate to the mentioned cargo transport is:
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733Q1022539 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Itapevi SP, VUNESP, 2025

Texto associado.
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


Practice often receives an unfair treatment in the field of applied linguistics. Most laypeople simply assume that practice is a necessary condition for language learning without giving the concept much further thought, but many applied linguists deliberately avoid the term practice. For some, the word conjures up images of repetitive drills in the factories of foreign language learning, while for others it means fun and games to entertain students on Friday afternoons.

Practice is by no means a dirty word in other domains of human endeavor, however. Parents dutifully take their kids to soccer practice, and professional athletes dutifully show up for team practice, sometimes even with recent injuries. Parents make their kids practice their piano skills at home, and the world’s most famous performers of classical music often practice for many hours a day, even if it makes their fingers hurt. If even idolized, spoiled, and highly paid celebrities are willing to put up with practice, why not language learners, teachers, or researchers?


(DEKEYSER, Robert. Practice in a second language. Perspectives from Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology. Cambridge, 2007. Adaptado)
“Images of repetitive drills in the factories of foreign language learning” (paragraph 1) can be most closely associated to
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734Q1023058 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Letras Inglês, Prefeitura de São João do Tigre PB, Ápice Consultoria, 2024

Texto associado.
Read Text I to answer the question:

TEXT I

“Fundamental breakthroughs in the neurosciences, combined with technical innovations for measuring brain activity, are shedding new light on the neural basis of second language (L2) processing, and on its relationship to native language processing (L1). The long-held assumption that L1 and L2 are necessarily represented in different brain regions in bilinguals has not been confirmed. On the contrary, the available evidence indicates that L1 and L2 are processed by the same neural devices. The neural differences in L1 and L2 representations are only related to the specific computational demands, which vary according to the age of acquisition, the degree of mastery and the level of exposure to each language. Finally, the acquisition of L2 could be considered as a dynamic process, requiring additional neural resources in specific circumstances.”

Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959438805000395 (adapted)
In the passage, the term “neural basis” refers to:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

735Q1024083 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Gestão Governamental, Prefeitura de Niterói RJ, FGV, 2024

Texto associado.
Text I


Embarking on the ESG journey


Efforts to mitigate the accelerating effects of climate change and address perceived historical social inequities are two powerful issues driving change globally. These movements have enhanced awareness of how all organizations impact, influence, and interact with society and the environment.
They also have spurred organizations to better recognize and manage ESG risks (i.e., risks associated with how organizations operate in respect to their impact on the world around them). This broad risk category includes areas that are dynamic and often driven by factors that can be difficult to measure objectively, such as inclusion, ethical behavior, corporate culture, and embracing sustainability across the organization.
Still, there is growing urgency for organizations to understand and manage ESG risks, particularly as investors and regulators focus on organizations producing high-quality reporting on sustainability efforts. What’s more, that pressure is being reflected increasingly in executive performance as more organizations tie incentive compensation metrics to ESG goals.
Additional risk areas associated with ESG are varied and can include reliance on third-party data, potential reputational damage from faulty reporting, and the real possibility that an organization’s explicit commitments to meet specific sustainability goals could grow into a material weakness.
As ESG reporting becomes increasingly common, it should be treated with the same care as financial reporting. Organizations need to recognize that ESG reporting must be built on a strategically crafted system of internal controls and accurately reflect how an organization’s ESG efforts relate to each other, the organization’s finances, and value creation. […] Seeking out objective assurance on all ESG-related risk management processes from a qualified, independent, and properly resourced internal audit function should be part of any ESG strategy.


Adapted from: https://www.theiia.org/globalassets/documents/ communications/2021/june/white-paper-internal-audits-role-in-esg-reporting.pdf
The text concludes with a
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

736Q1023316 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Junior Ênfase 1 Administração, Transpetro, CESGRANRIO, 2023

Texto associado.
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport


1 Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry. Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages, offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.

2 The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.

3 Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that, combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per passenger than electric cars do).

4 Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.

5 A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to help manage a consistent flow of green energy.

6 Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.

7 Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call service.

8 At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a business and a sustainability level.


Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
In the fragment in the fourth paragraph of the text “a sustainable future for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles”, the word which refers to
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

737Q1023317 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Junior Ênfase 1 Administração, Transpetro, CESGRANRIO, 2023

Texto associado.
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport


1 Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry. Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages, offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.

2 The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.

3 Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that, combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per passenger than electric cars do).

4 Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.

5 A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to help manage a consistent flow of green energy.

6 Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.

7 Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call service.

8 At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a business and a sustainability level.


Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
From the fifth paragraph of the text, one can infer that models for wind and solar production can provide sources of
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

738Q1022038 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.
Text IV


In the middle of July, Roger was making his first ministerial speech. I did not need reminding, having drafted enough of them, how much speeches mattered — to parliamentary bosses, to any kind of tycoon. Draft after draft: the search for the supreme, the impossible, the more than Flaubertian perfection; the scrutiny for any phrase that said more than it ought to say, so that each speech at the end was bound, by the law of official inexplicitness, to be more porridge-like than when it started out in its first draft. I had always hated writing drafts for other people, and nowadays got out of it. To Hector, to Douglas, it was part of the job, which they took with their usual patience, their usual lack of egotism: when a minister crossed out their sharp, clear English and went in for a literary composition of his own, they gave a wintry smile and let it stand.


C. P. Snow. Corridors of Power. London: Penguin Books, 1972, p. 31.
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text IV, judge whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E).

The narrator of the text considers that the process of rewriting the speech multiple times contributes to its becoming more focused and direct.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

739Q1022040 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.
Text V


Urbanization is one of the defining trends of this century and a key driver of development. By 2050, around 70% of the world’s population will be living in cities and towns. Asia and Africa will collectively account for a significant majority of the urban growth rate, a development that reflects the growth of both ‘megacities’ and smaller urban settlements in both regions over the past three decades. Today, cities produce around 80% of the global GDP and this importance is likely to continue. Cities also use 75% of global energy and are responsible for 70% of global carbon emissions. Accompanying the pace and extent of urbanization are a number of positive and negative trends — from increased economic opportunities and improvements in lives and livelihoods, through to the potential for greater urban-rural disparity, lower quality of life, and conflict. One thing is clear, cities across the world play a critical role in driving sustainable development.

However, cities today face numerous vulnerabilities and threats. Without proper planning, policies, and support, urbanization often leads to unnecessary risks and costs, preventing cities from reaching their full potential. Cases such as urban sprawls and the proliferation of informal settlements are increasing, and the communities who reside in such areas often suffer from the poor provision of public services (or lack of) such as healthcare or waste management systems. As their population grows, cities also become more complex, making long-term planning and city management a challenge. Amongst the numerous challenges that policymakers must tackle include those that are environmental, those pertaining to resource allocation, and even social challenges such as reducing intra-city inequalities.

Cities are providing a wide range of opportunities and possibilities for its citizens and, in order for them to be fully harnessed, cities should be built for and together with its citizens to fully unlock their potential. This includes taking into account the various needs and aspirations of people, making sure that everyone can have equal and inclusive access to services and create urban spaces and environments to enhance livability.


Internet: <www.undp.org (adapted)

Based on text V, judge whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E).

To ensure equal and inclusive access to services and create urban spaces that improve livability, cities should be developed by citizens aiming to fully realize their potential.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

740Q1024362 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de Natal RN, COMPERVE UFRN, 2025

Texto associado.
Considere o seguinte texto para responder à questão.


Babies cry with an accent


A study found newborns cry with the melody of their parent’s language.


By ABC News


Think newborns just eat, sleep and wail the same way across the world? That’s not so, according to a new study which found that babies cry with an accent within the first week of life.

By recording cries of 60 babies born to French or German parents, researchers discovered that babies cry with the same “prosody” or melody used in their native language by the second day of life.

French newborns in the study ended their cries with a lilt at the end typically heard in French. German babies, however, started their cries intensely and dropped off at the end – much like the emphasis their German parents put in a sentence, according to a study published Thursday in Current Biology.

Experts in child development say the most exciting part of this discovery is not that infants recognize the melody of their language, but that the newborns may have the ability to use what they heard in the womb to then control their cries.


Adaptado de: https ://abcnews .go.com/Health/MindMoodNews /newborns -cry -accent-study-finds /story? id=9006266. Acesso em: 08 nov. 2024.
Segundo o estudo mencionado no texto, os bebês recém-nascidos choram
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
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