Questões de Concursos Aeronáutica

A relevância e a abrangência do assunto software livre implicavam também em revisar conceitos tradicionais,

como os de direitos autorais, direitos de citação, direitos do setor público versus privado, patentes,

licenciamento e restrições da propriedade intelectual, previstas, conservadoramente, em legislação ha?

muitos anos. O software livre traz no bojo preocupações como ordenar o desenvolvimento futuro do software

para que este seja desimpedido, garantido, produtivo e, ao mesmo tempo, justo e lucrativo, em que cada

programador ou participante tenha o seu reconhecimento, seja este financeiro, acadêmico ou de realização

profissional.

Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.

Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.

There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:

• 10 million children

• 24.9 million people in forced labour

• 15.4 million people in forced marriage

• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation

Someone is in slavery if they are:

• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;

• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;

• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;

• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.

Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).

Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.

• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.

• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.

• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.

• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.

• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.

• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 

Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.

Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.

Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of

slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.

People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.

(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions

2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation

3. will – wish, desire

4. whilst – while

5. to hinder – obstruct, stop

6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression

7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor

8. to tackle – attack

_____ Monday May 24, 1976, two Concorde jets crossed the

Atlantic ocean _____ three hours and fifty minutes. The planes

took off and landed _____ the same time.

                                                                   Source Bonner, Margaret – Grammar Express - Longman

Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.

Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.

There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:

• 10 million children

• 24.9 million people in forced labour

• 15.4 million people in forced marriage

• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation

Someone is in slavery if they are:

• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;

• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;

• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;

• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.

Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).

Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.

• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.

• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.

• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.

• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.

• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.

• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 

Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.

Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.

Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of

slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.

People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.

(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions

2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation

3. will – wish, desire

4. whilst – while

5. to hinder – obstruct, stop

6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression

7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor

8. to tackle – attack

1       The amount of time people spend watching television is

     astonishing. On average, individuals in the industrialized

     world devote three hours a day to the pursuit, fully half of

     their leisure time, and more than on any single activity save

5   work and sleep. Someone who lives to 75 would spend nine

     years in front of the tube. To some commentators, this

     devotion means simply that people enjoy TV and make a

     conscious decision to watch it. But if that is the whole story,

     why do so many people experience misgivings about how

10 much they view?

                                                                             www.sciam.com/article.cfm

A partir da análise dos conceitos e das regras para o uso de citações em um trabalho de conclusão de curso,

informe se é verdadeiro (V) ou falso (F) o que se afirma a seguir.

                  The cabin crew battled to save the passenger

                                                                                               Ben Graham

        Shocked passengers watched as doctors and cabin crew tried

to  save  the   life  of  a  critically ill passenger on a Qantas flight to

Sidney on Friday.

        A     Qantas    spokeswoman   confirmed  that  the  passenger

__________ received    tratment   during   the    medical   emergency

couldn’t survive.

        The   flight  from London, via Singapore, was forced to land in

Adelaide  because of the incident. No passengers got off the flight

while it was in Adelaide.

         A  witness  on board told that everything started with a cabin

announcement  asking  for any doctors on board. There were two

passengers  with  medical  training,  but  nothing could be done to

save  the passenger. The crew did everything they could, including

performing  CPR  with  a  doctor  on   board, but unfortunately the

passenger has passed away.

                                                                       Adapted from nypost.com