Questões de Concursos CECIERJ

So You Want to Be a Space Tourist? Here Are Your Options

by Adam Mann / Jul.21.2017 /11:30 AM ET

Though we’ve been living in the Space Age for more than half a century, going into space remains an extreme rarity. Fewer than 600 people have gone above the Kármán line — the point, about 62 miles above Earth, that marks the beginning of space — and all were put there by the U.S. or another nation's government.

But the rise of private spaceflight companies like Virgin Galactic and Space X means that the final frontier may soon be within reach of a great many more of us. The firms have announced plans to put private astronauts, a.k.a. space tourists, on orbital or suborbital flights within the next few years.

Initially, the cost of a ride on one of these rockets will be hundreds of thousands of dollars at a minimum. That puts the experience within reach of only the wealthiest people. But advances in rocket and capsule design are expected to lower the price to the point that people of more modest fortunes are able to afford a ticket.

Some projections put the global space tourism market at approximately $34 billion by 2021.

What Space Tourists Can Expect

What exactly is in store for space tourists? The excitement of a rocket ride and a chance to experience weightlessness, for starters. And the bragging rights are hard to beat. But some say the biggest benefit of going into space is getting a dramatic new outlook on life on the fragile blue marble we call home. It’s a perspective shift that could have profound implications not just for individuals but also for society at large.

“I personally believe the planetary perspective is going to be crucial to solving humanity’s biggest challenges over the next century,” says Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides. “I’m inspired that we’ll take people up so they can experience that view, which is said to change your world view in a fundamental way.”

Adapted from: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/so-you-want-be-space-tourist-here-are-your-options-ncna784166

Glossary

weightlessness: ausência de peso; bragging rights: direito de gabar-se; to afford: poder comprar.

Fake news could ruin social media, but there’s still hope

by: Guðrun í Jákupsstovu

Camille Francois, director of research and analysis at Graphika, told the audience of her talk at TNW Conference:

“Disinformation campaigns, or fake news is a concept we’ve known about for years, but few people realize how varied the concept can be and how many forms it comes in. When the first instances of fake news started to surface, they were connected with bots. These flooded conversations with alternative stories in order to create noise and, in turn, silence what was actually being said”.

According to Francois, today’s disinformation campaigns are far more varied than just bots – and much harder to detect. For example, targeted harassment campaigns are carried out against journalists and human-rights activists who are critical of governments or big organizations.

“We see this kind of campaigns happening at large scale in countries like the Philippines, Turkey, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The point of these campaigns is to flood the narrative these people try to create with so much noise that their original message gets silenced, their reputation gets damaged, and their credibility undermined. I call this patriotic trolling.”

There are also examples of disinformation campaigns mobilizing people. This was evident during the US elections in 2016 when many fake events suddenly started popping up on Facebook. One Russian Facebook page “organized” an anti-Islam event, while another “organized” a pro-Islam demonstration. The two fake events gathered activists to the same street in Texas, leading to a stand-off.

Francois explains how amazed she is that, in spite of social media being the main medium for these different disinformation campaigns, actual people also still use it to protest properly.

If we look at countries, like Turkey – where there’s a huge amount of censorship and smear campaigns directed at human right defenders and journalists – citizens around the world and in those places still use social media to denounce corruption, to organize human rights movements and this proves that we still haven’t lost the battle of who owns social media.

This is an ongoing battle, and it lets us recognize the actors who are trying to remove the option for people to use social media for good. But everyday you still have people all over the world turning to social media to support their democratic activities. This gives me hope and a desire to protect people’s ability to use social media for good, for denouncing corruption and protecting human rights.

Adapted from:<https://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2018/05/25/>. Access 09 Oct. 2018.

Glossary

bot: (short for "robot"): um programa automático que roda na Internet; to flood: inundar; trolling: fazer postagem deliberadamente ofensiva para provocar alguém; popping up: surgir, aparecer; stand-off: impasse: smear campaigns: campanhas de difamação.

Empathy

Empathy is the ability to recognize, understand, and share the thoughts and feelings of another person, animal, or fictional character. Developing empathy is crucial for establishing relationships and behaving compassionately. It involves experiencing another person’s point of view, rather than just one’s own, and enables prosocial or helping behaviors that come from within, rather than being forced.

Some surveys indicate that empathy is on the decline in the United States and elsewhere, findings that motivate parents, schools, and communities to support programs that help people of all ages enhance and maintain their ability to walk in each other’s shoes.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/empathy

TEXTO 2

MINHA INFÂNCIA (trecho)

(Freudiana)

Cora Coralina

A rua... a rua!...

(Atração lúdica, anseio vivo da criança,

mundo sugestivo de maravilhosas descobertas)

- proibida às meninas do meu tempo.

Rígidos preconceitos familiares,

normas abusivas de educação

- emparedavam.

Na quietude sepulcral da casa,

era proibida, incomodava, a fala alta,

a risada franca, o grito espontâneo,

a turbulência ativa das crianças.

Contenção. motivação.Comportamento estreito,

limitando, estreitando exuberâncias,

pisando sensibilidades.

A gesta* dentro de mim...

Um mundo heroico, sublimado,

superposto, insuspeitado,

misturado à realidade.

*Gesta: composição poética que narra feitos memoráveis ou heroicos.

CORALINA, Cora.[coordenação, apresentação crítica e biografia Darcy França Denófrio].(Coleção melhores poemas). São Paulo: Global, 2004. (p. 95 a 100).

Cora Coralina (1889-1985), doutora honoris causa pela Universidade de Goiás, membro da Academia Goiana de Letras, recebeu, como poeta e ficcionista, o troféu Jabuti e o prêmio Juca Pato como intelectual do ano em 1984. Cora cursara somente o primário, mas poetara desde os 14 anos.

TELLES, Norma. Escritoras, escritas, escrituras. In: PRIORE, Mary Del. (org.); PINSKY, Carla Bassanezi (coord. de textos). 10.ed. 6a. reimpr. São Paulo: Contexto, 2018. p.408-409.

Leia o TEXTO 1 para responder a questão.

A COPA DO MUNDO NA RÚSSIA PODE SER A ÚLTIMA TENTATIVA DE UNIÃO NACIONAL

(1) Mais do que a principal competição do maior esporte no planeta, a Copa do Mundo deve ser considerada um evento político. Futebol é política, e vice-versa. Como instituição, é parte estrutural da formação de diversos povos e sua cultura, contribuindo para a formatação de seus costumes, de suas marcas, hábitos, vocabulário. Quem ignora o papel do futebol, na formação histórica de algumas nações, pouco entende da antropologia social e cultural delas -  e nisso estamos inclusos. As seleções nacionais são representantes de seus países muito mais importantes e reconhecidas do que o melhor dos embaixadores. E a Copa, o único espaço pelo qual países frágeis na economia e geopolítica mundial podem derrotar países muito à frente nesses aspectos.

(2) Como Diego Maradona sempre gosta de lembrar, a seleção argentina, na Copa de 1986, entrou em campo contra a Inglaterra, pelas quartas de finais, para jogar pelos mortos na Guerra das Malvinas, e não simplesmente para ganhar um jogo. Isso não era restrito apenas aos jogadores: era o sentimento nacional de todos os argentinos. E, quando questionado sobre o gol de mão que abriu o placar na partida, El Pibe não teve dúvidas sobre a sensação: “Foi como bater a carteira de um inglês”.

(3) Na França, a vitória na Copa de 1998 ajudou a amenizar o conflito racial que pairava na nação - entre brancos, negros e árabes - e a derrota nas duas Copas seguintes o acirrou novamente. A Copa do Mundo também foi capaz de colocar no mesmo espaço de disputa o que um dos muros mais implacáveis da história separava: em 1974, Alemanha Ocidental e Alemanha Oriental se enfrentaram pela primeira fase, com vitória da ala soviética (que muitos afirmam ter sido entregue pela parte capitalista para evitar adversário mais forte na fase seguinte). Momento épico.

(4) Copa traz integração. A última vez que a Champs-Élysées tinha enchido tanto quanto na final da Copa de 98 foi na Queda da Bastilha. Na Copa de 2014, o esboço que vimos disso não aconteceu nos estádios, elitizados, mas sim nas fan-fests, que, como o próprio nome diz, foram espaços de festa, miscelânea, diversidade. Mas é muito maior do que isso: Copa traz a união comunitária. A gente não trabalha, a gente pinta a rua de casa, a gente compra camisa do Neymar ou do Ronaldinho ou do Ronaldo ou do Romário. Na hora do gol ou da vitória, a gente abraça até quem não conhece. Muitas vezes, uma televisãozinha é o suficiente para que toda a vizinhança se amontoe e torça pela sua representante internacional naquele momento. O País se volta, inteirinho, para um momento em que 11 homens são capazes de mudar, a qualquer instante, todo o seu sistema nervoso. E quem sequer reconhece isso tem que revisar seu próprio elitismo e sair da bolha.

PROIETE, Gabriel. A Copa do Mundo na Rússia pode ser a última tentativa de união nacional. Disponível em: < https://medium.com/@gabriel_proiete/a-copa-do-mundo-da-r%C3%BAssia-pode-ser-a- %C3%BAltima-tentativa-de-uni%C3%A3o-nacional-8aa3a939ed53 >. Acesso em: 07 maio 2018 (adaptado).

So You Want to Be a Space Tourist? Here Are Your Options

by Adam Mann / Jul.21.2017 /11:30 AM ET

Though we’ve been living in the Space Age for more than half a century, going into space remains an extreme rarity. Fewer than 600 people have gone above the Kármán line — the point, about 62 miles above Earth, that marks the beginning of space — and all were put there by the U.S. or another nation's government.

But the rise of private spaceflight companies like Virgin Galactic and Space X means that the final frontier may soon be within reach of a great many more of us. The firms have announced plans to put private astronauts, a.k.a. space tourists, on orbital or suborbital flights within the next few years.

Initially, the cost of a ride on one of these rockets will be hundreds of thousands of dollars at a minimum. That puts the experience within reach of only the wealthiest people. But advances in rocket and capsule design are expected to lower the price to the point that people of more modest fortunes are able to afford a ticket.

Some projections put the global space tourism market at approximately $34 billion by 2021.

What Space Tourists Can Expect

What exactly is in store for space tourists? The excitement of a rocket ride and a chance to experience weightlessness, for starters. And the bragging rights are hard to beat. But some say the biggest benefit of going into space is getting a dramatic new outlook on life on the fragile blue marble we call home. It’s a perspective shift that could have profound implications not just for individuals but also for society at large.

“I personally believe the planetary perspective is going to be crucial to solving humanity’s biggest challenges over the next century,” says Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides. “I’m inspired that we’ll take people up so they can experience that view, which is said to change your world view in a fundamental way.”

Adapted from: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/so-you-want-be-space-tourist-here-are-your-options-ncna784166

Glossary

weightlessness: ausência de peso; bragging rights: direito de gabar-se; to afford: poder comprar.