Questões de Concursos CETRO

LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA (INGLÊS)

Read the text below to answer questions 11–12.

Anxiety Medication: Over Prescribed and Causing Overdoses

According to a story on NBC New York, more and more patients are ending up in New York City hospitals having over dosed on Xanax. Xanax is in the benzodiaziepine family of drugs and it?s used to treat anxiety, nervousness, and panic attacks by decreasing brain activity.

Xanax Overdoses Way Up
NBC New York reports:

Between 2004 and 2009, New York City emergency room visits involving Xanax and other anti–anxiety prescription drugs known as benzodiazepines increased more than 50 percent. That?s up from 38 out of 100,000 New Yorkers in 2004 to 59 out of 100,000 New Yorkers.
It?s not the drug by itself that causes the overdoses, but used in combination with other drugs and alcohol, it creates a toxic cocktail which isn?t easily metabolized in the body.
The drug is habit forming and withdrawal symptoms can include sweating, shaking, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty concentrating, depression, and nervousness. Many fear that the drug is being over prescribed.
"I don?t believe they take the time with the patients to figure out what the problems are," Cali Estes, a drug counselor said to NBC New York. "A doctor who is running short on time and nurses and probably isn?t paid as much as he or she used to be finds it easier to say, ?OK, this person has a problem, here?s your script, have a nice day. Where?s my next patient??"

Whitney Houston?s Death Tied to Xanax and Other Drugs Whitney Houston?s recent death is raising questions as to this and other sedatives. Xanax is most often criticized by those in the psychiatric community because it only lasts 6 to 20 hours.

Forbes reports:

On the face of it, this seems like a great combination – you get a quick hit of anxiety relief and the drug leaves your system within a 24–hour period. But in practice what often happens is that because the drug acts so quickly and dissipates quickly, the patient begins taking more of it to maintain the effect. Two pills a day turns into four, which turns into six and so forth.
According to the CDC, prescription drug overdose is now the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S., topping automobile accidents for the first time in 30 years. Currently, Xanax is the 11th most widely prescribed drug in the nation.

Available in: http://blogs.discovery.com

Read the text below to answer questions 11–12.

Quality of School Lunches Questioned

The meat being provided to our nation?s students in their lunches may not meet requirements by the fast–food industry, according to a recent investigation.
Those pangs of guilt when biting into a fast–food hamburger are one thing, but who would imagine that burger could be made with higher–quality meat than what our students are getting in school?
A recent USA Today investigation found that the nation?s largest fast–food chains have higher quality and safety standards for the meat they use than what the U.S. Department of Agriculture has for the meat used for the National School Lunch Program, which is served to 31 million students a day.
While the USDA rules for meat sent to schools maintain government safety standards, the government rules have fallen behind the stricter regulations of fast–food chains and other large retailers. Fast–food chains test their meat five to ten times more often than the USDA for bacteria and would reject meat that the USDA deems safe for consumption.
The standards for meat sent to schools and retailers are so disparate that ground beef from a plant with a salmonella outbreak this past August was recalled by retailers, but ground beef from the same plant produced during that outbreak was still shipped to schools.
In addition to meat quality issues, school cafeterias are not being inspected as rigorously required by the Child Nutrition Act. USA Today found that 8,500 schools across the country did not have their kitchens inspected at all in 2008, and another 18,000 schools did not complete the two required yearly inspections.
The USDA is responsible for inspecting every school cafeteria twice a year, but the requirement is difficult to enforce. For starters, the USDA requires that states simply provide the number of schools that have been inspected, but don?t keep record of school names. Also, these cafeteria inspections are not free and the money is not automatically provided to meet the mandate. With resources for schools scares across the country, cafeteria needs are not often a top priority.
These quality control problems for school lunches are not going unnoticed by NEA (National Education Association) members. Education support professionals and educators know the important role nutritious school lunches play in student achievement. "While the lunches may, according to standards, be a balanced lunch, it leaves a lot to be desired as far as the standard applied to the contents of a school lunch", said Bob Munoz, a Nevada educator.

Quality of School Lunches Questioned. Available in: http://www.nea.org

Leia o texto abaixo para responder às questões de 1 a 5.

A Lei e o Comportamento Humano

A legislação é um produto social que pretende regular não

só condutas individuais como também relações sociais. No

trânsito, espera-se que os motoristas conheçam e respeitem as

leis de trânsito, que pedestres se comportem dentro de padrões

esperados, que as sinalizações funcionem e auxiliem as

relações entre pedestres e motoristas.

No entanto, a lei está situada no nível social. No nível

individual, os comportamentos das pessoas manifestam-se de

forma a se aproximar ou se afastar das normas sociais,

facilitando ou dificultando as interações entre pedestres,

motoristas e agentes fiscalizadores. Ainda que o

comportamento individual seja engendrado a partir das práticas

sociais dos grupos nos quais o indivíduo está inserido, é

possível encontrar diferentes comportamentos e expectativas

dentro de grupos aparentemente homogêneos. Espera-se, do

ponto de vista social, que indivíduos que cumprem a lei

contribuam para um trânsito mais harmônico; espera-se que os

indivíduos respeitem a priori todos os pressupostos que

nortearam as análises técnicas que resultaram em

padronização de comportamentos. Espera-se que os indivíduos,

por exemplo, respeitem os limites de velocidade, uma vez que

estudos técnicos foram realizados e orientaram as decisões

contidas na legislação.

É possível identificar que uma parcela do conhecimento

perito é utilizada pela legislação de trânsito ao definir limites de

velocidade para determinadas vias. Ao mesmo tempo, destacase

a importância exercida pela confiança nesses sistemas

peritos, de modo que a legislação aparece como um mediador

importante nos comportamentos sociais ao estabelecer normas

que permitem uma convivência mais harmônica.

Fonte: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?pid=S1414-

98932007001200013&script=sci_arttext. Adaptado.