Questões de Concursos Exército Brasileiro

President Obama Launches Gun-Violence Task Force

Five days after deadliest elementary school shooting in U.S. history, President Obama said his administration plans immediate action early next year on proposals to curb an “epidemic of gun violence”. At a morning news conference, Obama announced the formation of a task force to be headed by Vice President Joe Biden that will formulate a package of policy recommendations by January. “The fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing”, Obama said. “The fact that we can’t prevent every act of violence doesn’t mean that we can’t steadily reduce the violence and prevent the very worst violence.” The president said he intends to push for implementation of the proposals “without delay”. “This is a team that has a very specific task to pull together real reforms right now”, he said.

While Obama did not offer specifics, he suggested the task force would examine an array of steps to curb gun violence and prevent mass shootings, including legislative measures, mental health resources and a “look more closely at a culture that all-too-often glorifies guns and violence”. “I will use all the powers of this office to help advance efforts aimed at preventing more tragedies like this”, Obama said.

Obama made similar pronouncements following at least four other mass shootings that marked his first term. But few policy changes were made. “This is not the first incident of horrific gun violence of your four years. Where have you been?”, asked ABC News’ Jake Tapper. “I’ve been president of the United States, dealing with the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, an auto industry on the verge of , two wars. I don’t think I’ve been on vacation”, Obama responded.

Política pública de saneamento básico: as bases do saneamento como direito de cidadania e os debates sobre novos modelos de gestão

Ana Lucia Britto
Professora Associada do PROURB-FAU-UFRJ
Pesquisadora do INCT Observatório das Metrópoles

    A Assembleia Geral da ONU reconheceu em 2010 que o acesso à água potável e ao esgotamento sanitário é indispensável para o pleno gozo do direito à vida. É preciso, para tanto, fazê-lo de modo financeiramente acessível e com qualidade para todos, sem discriminação. Também obriga os Estados a eliminarem progressivamente as desigualdades na distribuição de água e esgoto entre populações das zonas rurais ou urbanas, ricas ou pobres.
    No Brasil, dados do Ministério das Cidades indicam que cerca de 35 milhões de brasileiros não são atendidos com abastecimento de água potável, mais da metade da população não tem acesso à coleta de esgoto, e apenas 39% de todo o esgoto gerado são tratados. Aproximadamente 70% da população que compõe o déficit de acesso ao abastecimento de água possuem renda domiciliar mensal de até ½ salário mínimo por morador, ou seja, apresentam baixa capacidade de pagamento, o que coloca em pauta o tema do saneamento financeiramente acessível.
    Desde 2007, quando foi criado o Ministério das Cidades, identificam-se avanços importantes na busca de diminuir o déficit já crônico em saneamento e pode-se caminhar alguns passos em direção à garantia do acesso a esses serviços como direito social. Nesse sentido destacamos as Conferências das Cidades e a criação da Secretaria de Saneamento e do Conselho Nacional das Cidades, que deram à política urbana uma base de participação e controle social.
    Houve também, até 2014, uma progressiva ampliação de recursos para o setor, sobretudo a partir do PAC 1 e PAC 2; a instituição de um marco regulatório (Lei 11.445/2007 e seu decreto de regulamentação) e de um Plano Nacional para o setor, o PLANSAB, construído com amplo debate popular, legitimado pelos Conselhos Nacionais das Cidades, de Saúde e de Meio Ambiente, e aprovado por decreto presidencial em novembro de 2013.
    Esse marco legal e institucional traz aspectos essenciais para que a gestão dos serviços seja pautada por uma visão de saneamento como direito de cidadania: a) articulação da política de saneamento com as políticas de desenvolvimento urbano e regional, de habitação, de combate à pobreza e de sua erradicação, de proteção ambiental, de promoção da saúde; e b) a transparência das ações, baseada em sistemas de informações e processos decisórios participativos institucionalizados.
    A Lei 11.445/2007 reforça a necessidade de planejamento para o saneamento, por meio da obrigatoriedade de planos municipais de abastecimento de água, coleta e tratamento de esgotos, drenagem e manejo de águas pluviais, limpeza urbana e manejo de resíduos sólidos. Esses planos são obrigatórios para que possam ser estabelecidos contratos de delegação da prestação de serviços e para que possam ser acessados recursos do governo federal (OGU, FGTS e FAT), com prazo final para sua elaboração terminando em 2017. A Lei reforça também a participação e o controle social, através de diferentes mecanismos como: audiências públicas, definição de conselho municipal responsável pelo acompanhamento e fiscalização da política de saneamento, sendo que a definição desse conselho também é condição para que possam ser acessados recursos do governo federal.
    O marco legal introduz também a obrigatoriedade da regulação da prestação dos serviços de saneamento, visando à garantia do cumprimento das condições e metas estabelecidas nos contratos, à prevenção e à repressão ao abuso do poder econômico, reconhecendo que os serviços de saneamento são prestados em caráter de monopólio, o que significa que os usuários estão submetidos às atividades de um único prestador.

FONTE: adaptado de http://www.assemae.org.br/artigos/item/1762-saneamento-basico-como-direito-de-cidadania

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                        Luis Suárez joins anti-racism calls after Dani Alves banana incident

            The Barcelona defender Dani Alves has sparked a social media campaign against racism in football as support flooded in from fellow professionals for his decision to eat a banana thrown at him by an opposition fan.
            Luis Suárez, Neymar, Hulk, Mario Balotelli and Sergio Agüero were among those who posted pictures of themselves taking bites out of bananas in tribute to Alves actions in his side s La Liga match at Villarreal on Sunday.
            The Fifa president Joseph Blatter has branded the abuse directed at Alves an "outrage" and promised zero tolerance towards discrimination at the World Cup, while Villarreal took swift action by identifying the culprit and handing him a lifetime stadium ban.
            Alves response to the banana being thrown on to the pitch in front of him as he prepared to take a corner was to nonchalantly pick it up, peel it and take a bite before continuing with the game. The 30-year- old, who has been the victim of racist abuse before during his time in La Liga, said: "You need to take these situations with a dose of humour."
       Players across Europe paid homage on Twitter and Instagram, including Suárez, who served an eight-match ban for racially abusing Patrice Evra.
            Alves s Barça and Brazil team-mate Neymar led the way after posting a picture on Instagram of himself holding a banana, while writing "We are all monkeys". Balotelli, Milan"s former Manchester City striker, posted a picture of himself in a similar pose.
            Suárez posted a picture on Twitter of himself and Liverpool team-mate Philippe Coutinho taking bites out of bananas, along with the words: "#SayNoToRacism #WeAreAllMonkeys."
            (...)
             Barça gave their player their "complete support and solidarity" and thanked Villarreal for their "immediate condemnation" of the incident. Villarreal later revealed they had, with the help of fans, found out who the culprit was, had withdrawn his season ticket and banned him from the El Madrigal stadium for life.

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President Obama Launches Gun-Violence Task Force

Five days after deadliest elementary school shooting in U.S. history, President Obama said his administration plans immediate action early next year on proposals to curb an “epidemic of gun violence”. At a morning news conference, Obama announced the formation of a task force to be headed by Vice President Joe Biden that will formulate a package of policy recommendations by January. “The fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing”, Obama said. “The fact that we can’t prevent every act of violence doesn’t mean that we can’t steadily reduce the violence and prevent the very worst violence.” The president said he intends to push for implementation of the proposals “without delay”. “This is a team that has a very specific task to pull together real reforms right now”, he said.

While Obama did not offer specifics, he suggested the task force would examine an array of steps to curb gun violence and prevent mass shootings, including legislative measures, mental health resources and a “look more closely at a culture that all-too-often glorifies guns and violence”. “I will use all the powers of this office to help advance efforts aimed at preventing more tragedies like this”, Obama said.

Obama made similar pronouncements following at least four other mass shootings that marked his first term. But few policy changes were made. “This is not the first incident of horrific gun violence of your four years. Where have you been?”, asked ABC News’ Jake Tapper. “I’ve been president of the United States, dealing with the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, an auto industry on the verge of , two wars. I don’t think I’ve been on vacation”, Obama responded.