Questões de Concursos FJPF

ON–FARM BIOSECURITY: TRAFFIC CONTROL AND

SANITATION.

WHAT IS BIOSECURITY?

In the context of livestock production, biosecurity refers to

those measures taken to keep disease agents out of

populations, herds, or groups of animals where they do not

already exist. Biosecurity measures are implemented on

national, state, and herd levels. Currently, there is heightened

awareness of national biosecurity as the United States attempts

to keep foot–and–mouth disease (FMD) out of its animal

population.

In addition to national concerns, individual states take

measures to prevent the entry/reintroduction of livestock

diseases they have been able to prevent/eliminate from their

herds by setting requirements for arriving animals. Examples

of diseases that are of particular concern to states include

brucellosis, tuberculosis, and pseudorabies.

Herd–level biosecurity usually rests with the herd owner or

management team; they try to exclude any disease that is not

already present in the herd or limit the spread of disease within

the herd. Examples might include Streptococcus agalactiae

mastitis, bovine virus diarrhea, ovine progressive pneumonia,

and swine dysentery. To be successful, biosecurity plans must

address how the group of animals will be isolated away from

other groups, how traffic (movement of people, animals, and

equipment) will be regulated, and how cleaning and disinfection

procedures will be used to reduce pathogen levels.

What are the Greatest Risks of Disease Introduction?

Although infectious disease can be introduced to a farm in

several ways, bringing new animals or animals that have been

commingled with, or exposed to, other animals usually presents

the greatest risk. New herd and flock sires, or replacement

females, are often the way that new genetics are added to the

herd. This seemingly innocent process is a very common way of

introducing new disease–causing organisms. Producers should

attempt to purchase animals from sources with known health

status whenever possible. In addition, they should plan to:

• Isolate for at least two weeks, but preferably a month, all

new arrivals or animals returning to the herd from situations

where they were possibly exposed to other animals such as at

fairs and shows. Isolation should be in a facility completely

separate from the home animals. Outerwear (boots and

coveralls) worn when tending to the quarantined animals should

not be worn while caring for other animals. If complete isolation

is impossible, use a separate pen or pasture that does not

allow nose–to–nose contact or sharing of feed and water

supplies. While the new animals are isolated, testing should

be accomplished for diseases of particular concern; negative

test results should be received before the new animals are

mixed with the resident herd.

• Work with your veterinarian to develop a sound health

program that includes parasite control and vaccination for the

diseases most likely to be encountered in your operation or

management program.

• Isolate animals showing signs of disease to minimize

exposure of the apparently healthy ones. Contact your

veterinarian so that appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment

can be initiated.

(Gary L. Bowman, D.V.M. – Extension Veterinarian, Swine – & William

P. Shulaw, D.V.M. – Extension Veterinarian, Cattle and Sheep, The

Ohio State University. Adapted from http://ohioline.osu.edu/vme–fact/

0006.html – accessed on 23 December 2006)

Choose THE MOST APPROPRIATE ANSWER for the

questions below according to the text above:

ADULTÉRIO E A DESONESTA

É comum ouvir que o Brasil é um país onde há leis que pegam e leis que não pegam, como se isso fosse uma originalidade brasileira como a jabuticaba. É uma injustiça. Há muitos países que sofrem com o mesmo problema. Na Grécia, apenas para ficar num exemplo notório por causa da atenção, dedicada ao país devido às Olimpíadas, existe uma lei óbvia segundo a qual os motoqueiros precisam andar de capacete. Conforme se viu em inúmeras cenas do centro de Atenas, transmitidas pela televisão, os motoqueiros andam por todos os lugares, circulam nas barbas dos guardas de trânsito, mas raramente usam capacete. Na Grécia, a tal lei do capacete não pegou. As leis, principalmente as que interferem na vida cotidiana dos cidadãos, requerem uma sintonia fina entre vários componentes: aparato policial, comportamento coletivo, grau de escolaridade etc. Do contrário, elas tendem a não sair do papel. No Brasil existe muita lei que não pega por falta dessa sintonia. Ou não há polícia suficiente para fazê-la ser cumprida. Ou a lei destoa fortemente de arraigados hábitos coletivos. E assim por diante.
O Congresso Nacional, a casa das leis, é mestre em embaralhar essa sintonia. Acaba, por exemplo, de avançar mais um passo no sentido de fazer com que o adultério deixe de ser considerado um crime. No Código Penal em vigor desde os anos 40 do século passado, adultério é crime sujeito a penas que podem chegar a seis meses de prisão. O comportamento e os valores da sociedade brasileira ultrapassaram esse dispositivo legal e tornaram-no obsoleto. Condenar alguém, homem ou mulher, por adultério, virou uma piada, embora ainda existam condenações desse tipo de vez em quando nos rincões do país. O Congresso também está se preparando para eliminar do Código Penal a expressão mulher honesta, que vem a ser aquela que poderia ser considerada vítima do rapto com propósitos libidinosos sim, porque a mulher desonesta não poderia ser considerada uma vítima de tal crime... Na década de 40, mulher honesta provavelmente queria dizer mulher virgem ou casada e dona-de-casa. Hoje, isso não passa de preconceito tacanho.
(....) Nesse ritmo, o Congresso vai aprovar o casamento homossexual perto da entrada do quarto milênio, talvez. Sim, porque avanços de comportamento social, tal como o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, são inexoráveis. São só uma questão de tempo. Mais cedo ou mais tarde tornam-se aceitos mas o Congresso Nacional, como uma ilha boiando no passado, parece não se dar conta disso. Eis um dos motivos pelos quais há leis que pegam e leis que não pegam.
(André Petry Veja, 22/09/2004)

ON–FARM BIOSECURITY: TRAFFIC CONTROL AND

SANITATION.

WHAT IS BIOSECURITY?

In the context of livestock production, biosecurity refers to

those measures taken to keep disease agents out of

populations, herds, or groups of animals where they do not

already exist. Biosecurity measures are implemented on

national, state, and herd levels. Currently, there is heightened

awareness of national biosecurity as the United States attempts

to keep foot–and–mouth disease (FMD) out of its animal

population.

In addition to national concerns, individual states take

measures to prevent the entry/reintroduction of livestock

diseases they have been able to prevent/eliminate from their

herds by setting requirements for arriving animals. Examples

of diseases that are of particular concern to states include

brucellosis, tuberculosis, and pseudorabies.

Herd–level biosecurity usually rests with the herd owner or

management team; they try to exclude any disease that is not

already present in the herd or limit the spread of disease within

the herd. Examples might include Streptococcus agalactiae

mastitis, bovine virus diarrhea, ovine progressive pneumonia,

and swine dysentery. To be successful, biosecurity plans must

address how the group of animals will be isolated away from

other groups, how traffic (movement of people, animals, and

equipment) will be regulated, and how cleaning and disinfection

procedures will be used to reduce pathogen levels.

What are the Greatest Risks of Disease Introduction?

Although infectious disease can be introduced to a farm in

several ways, bringing new animals or animals that have been

commingled with, or exposed to, other animals usually presents

the greatest risk. New herd and flock sires, or replacement

females, are often the way that new genetics are added to the

herd. This seemingly innocent process is a very common way of

introducing new disease–causing organisms. Producers should

attempt to purchase animals from sources with known health

status whenever possible. In addition, they should plan to:

• Isolate for at least two weeks, but preferably a month, all

new arrivals or animals returning to the herd from situations

where they were possibly exposed to other animals such as at

fairs and shows. Isolation should be in a facility completely

separate from the home animals. Outerwear (boots and

coveralls) worn when tending to the quarantined animals should

not be worn while caring for other animals. If complete isolation

is impossible, use a separate pen or pasture that does not

allow nose–to–nose contact or sharing of feed and water

supplies. While the new animals are isolated, testing should

be accomplished for diseases of particular concern; negative

test results should be received before the new animals are

mixed with the resident herd.

• Work with your veterinarian to develop a sound health

program that includes parasite control and vaccination for the

diseases most likely to be encountered in your operation or

management program.

• Isolate animals showing signs of disease to minimize

exposure of the apparently healthy ones. Contact your

veterinarian so that appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment

can be initiated.

(Gary L. Bowman, D.V.M. – Extension Veterinarian, Swine – & William

P. Shulaw, D.V.M. – Extension Veterinarian, Cattle and Sheep, The

Ohio State University. Adapted from http://ohioline.osu.edu/vme–fact/

0006.html – accessed on 23 December 2006)

Choose THE MOST APPROPRIATE ANSWER for the

questions below according to the text above: