Questões de Concursos FUVEST

Scientists have found that generally the world feels brighter when you wake up.

People start the day in the best frame of mind in the morning, but end in the worst, at about midnight, the findings suggest, with the day of the week and the season also playing a part.

Mental health also tends to be more varied at weekends but steadier during the week, according to the study led by University College London.

“Generally, things do seem better in the morning,” the researchers concluded.

Mental health and wellbeing are dynamic in nature, and subject to change over short and long periods. However, few studies have looked at how they might change over the course of the day.

Scientists wanted to explore whether time of day was associated with variations in mental health, happiness, life satisfaction, sense of life being worthwhile and loneliness.

People in the study answered questionnaires, with questions such as: “In the past week, how happy did you feel?”, “How satisfied have you been with your life?”, and “To what extent have you felt the things you are doing in your life are worthwhile?”

Factors such as age, health conditions and whether people worked were taken into account.

The results showed that happiness, life satisfaction, and worthwhile ratings were all higher on Mondays and Fridays than on Sundays, while happiness was also higher on Tuesdays. There was no evidence that loneliness differed across days of the week.

There was clear evidence of a seasonal influence on mood. Compared with winter, people tended to have lower levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and loneliness, and higher levels of happiness, and feeling that life was worthwhile in the three other seasons.

Mental health was best in the summer across all outcomes. But the season didn’t affect the associations observed across the day, however.

This was an observational study, so it cannot establish cause.

The Guardian.com. February 5, 2025. Adaptado.

If you take a look at my smartphone, you’ll know that I like to order out. But am I helping the small local businesses? You would think that if you own a restaurant you’d be thrilled to have an outsourced service that would take care of your delivery operations while leveraging their marketing might to expand your businesses’ brand. However, restaurant owners have complained of lack of quality control once their food goes out the door. They don’t like that the delivery people are the face of their product when it gets into the customer’s hand. Some of the delivery services have been accused of listing restaurants on their apps without the owners’ permission, and oftentimes publish menu items and prices that are incorrect or out of date.

But there is another reason why restaurant owners aren’t fond of delivery services. It’s the costs, which, for some, are becoming unsustainable. Even with the increased revenues from the delivery services, the fees wind up killing a restaurant’s margins to the extent that it’s at best marginally profitable. Therefore, some restaurants are pushing harder to drive orders from their own websites and offering special deals for customers that use their in-house delivery people.

The simple fact is that these delivery apps are here to stay. They are enormously popular and have significantly grown. I believe that restaurant owners that resist these apps are hurting their brands by missing out on potential customers. The good news is that the delivery platforms are not as evil as some would portray them. They have some skin in the game. They are competing against other services. They want their listed restaurants to profit. Maybe instead of fighting, the nation’s restaurant industry needs to proactively embrace the delivery service industry and figure out ways to profitably work together.

The Guardian. 02 December, 2020. Adaptado.

O povo que chupa o caju, a manga, o cambucá e a jabuticaba, pode falar uma língua com igual pronúncia e o mesmo espírito do povo que sorve o figo, a pera, o damasco e a nêspera?

José de Alencar. Bênção Paterna. Prefácio a Sonhos d’ouro.

A graciosa ará, sua companheira e amiga, brinca junto dela. Às vezes sobe aos ramos da árvore e de lá chama a virgem pelo nome, outras remexe o uru de palha matizada, onde traz a selvagem seus perfumes, os alvos fios do crautá, as agulhas da juçara com que tece a renda e as tintas de que matiza o algodão.

José de Alencar. Iracema.

Glossário:

“ará”: periquito; “uru”: cesto; “crautá”: espécie de bromélia; “juçara”: tipo de palmeira espinhosa.

Os textos literários são obras de discurso, a que falta a imediata referencialidade da linguagem corrente; poéticos, abolem, “destroem” o mundo circundante, cotidiano, graças à função irrealizante da imaginação que os constrói. E prendem‐nos na teia de sua linguagem, a que devemo poder de apelo estético que nos enleia; seduz‐nos o mundo outro, irreal, neles configurado (...). No entanto, da adesão a esse “mundo de papel”, quando retornamos ao real, nossa experiência, ampliada e renovada pela experiência da obra, à luz do que nos revelou, possibilita redescobri‐lo, sentindo‐o e pensando‐o de maneira diferente e nova. A ilusão, a mentira, o fingimento da ficção, aclara o real ao desligar‐se dele, transfigurando‐o; e aclara‐o já pelo insight que em nós provocou.

Benedito Nunes, “Ética e leitura”, de Crivo de Papel.

O que eu precisava era ler um romance fantástico, um romance besta, em que os homens e as mulheres fossem criações absurdas, não andassem magoando‐se, traindo‐se. Histórias fáceis, sem almas complicadas. Infelizmente essas leituras já não me comovem.

Graciliano Ramos, Angústia.

Romance desagradável, abafado, ambiente sujo, povoado de ratos, cheio de podridões, de lixo. Nenhuma concessão ao gosto do público. Solilóquio doido, enervante.

Graciliano Ramos, Memórias do Cárcere, em nota a respeito de seu livro Angústia.

LEIA OS SEGUINTES TEXTOS DE MACHADO DE ASSIS PARA RESPONDER À QUESTÃO.

I.

Suave mari magno*

Lembra-me que, em certo dia,

Na rua, ao sol de verão,

Envenenado morria

Um pobre cão.

Arfava, espumava e ria,

De um riso espúrio e bufão,

Ventre e pernas sacudia

Na convulsão.

Nenhum, nenhum curioso

Passava, sem se deter,

Silencioso,

Junto ao cão que ia morrer,

Como se lhe desse gozo

Ver padecer.

Machado de Assis. Ocidentais.

*Expressão latina, retirada de Lucrécio (Da natureza das coisas), a qual aparece no seguinte trecho: Suave, mari magno, turbantibus aequora ventis/ E terra magnum alterius spectare laborem. (“É agradável, enquanto no mar revoltoso os ventos levantam as águas, observar da terra os grandes esforços de um outro.”).

II.

Tão certo é que a paisagem depende do ponto de vista, e que o melhor modo de apreciar o chicote é ter-lhe o cabo na mão.

Machado de Assis. Quincas Borba, cap. XVIII.

III.

Sofia soltou um grito de horror e acordou. Tinha ao pé do leito o marido:

– Que foi? perguntou ele.

– Ah! respirou Sofia. Gritei, não gritei?

(...)

– Sonhei que estavam matando você. Palha ficou enternecido. Havê-la feito padecer por ele, ainda que em sonhos, encheu-o de piedade, mas de uma piedade gostosa, um sentimento particular, íntimo, profundo, – que o faria desejar outros pesadelos, para que o assassinassem aos olhos dela, e para que ela gritasse angustiada, convulsa, cheia de dor e de pavor.

Machado de Assis. Quincas Borba, cap. CLXI.