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121Q944444 | Inglês, Vestibular 2023, UEMA, UEMA, 2022

Texto associado.

This text refers to question


Science confirms: Dark chocolate and red wine helps keep you looking young


NEWSNER

Chocolate and wine, and not always together, are among life’s simple pleasures, but most of us think we should only indulge in these pleasures in moderation.

Granted chocolate and wine contain a high number of calories and I don’t need to explain what happens to our bodies and minds if we drink too much wine. But now scientists may have found a reason to indulge in these delicious things more often than we think.

A recent study found a powerful antioxidant present in dark chocolate and red wine; the effect of this antioxidant on our bodies could be a reason to celebrate. Scientists say the presence of resveratrol in these food items has a positive effect on the brain, heart, and lifespan. The most naturally abundant sources of resveratrol are plants, including the skin of red grapes, red wine, raw cocoa, and dark berries, like lingonberries and blueberries.

A team led by Professor Lorna Harries at the University of Exeter discovered that by treating worn-out human cells with a formulation of resveratrol the older cells started to divide. These older cells then developed longer telomeres – the protective tips on the ends of chromosomes which shorten as we age, according to Longevity Facts. It seemed a miracle that these old cells looked young again. The experiment was repeated several times and each time the result was rejuvenated cells.

According to scientists red wine, dark chocolate and some berries also help to reduce inflammation and strengthen the heart. This powerful antioxidant was also found to help ward off certain age-related diseases.

Certain metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease, tend to occur as we age. In animal studies, severely restricting calories can help prevent some of these diseases.

Researchers found that resveratrol can mimic calorie restriction in some ways and found it to extend the lifespans of yeast, worms, flies and fish. To help avoid the excessive consumption of red wine, this antioxidant can also be found in dark chocolate, grapes, raspberries, plums, blueberries, cranberries, grape tomatoes, and pomegranate. These findings are fascinating and are a step to prolonging people’s life without affecting overall health.

Please share with all your friends and family so they know dark chocolate can finally be consumed guilt free!

https://en.stories.newsner.com/health/science-confirms-dark-chocolate-and-red-wine-helps-keep-you-looking-young/ Accessed on May, 7th. Slightly modified

Some research led by Professor Lorna Harries from the University of Exeter has discovered resveratrol present in red wine as well as in dark chocolate has an antioxidant effect in the human body. Besides this effect the option which points out another positive one is
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122Q944473 | Literatura, Segundo Dia, UEMA, UEMA, 2021

Leia o poema para responder à questão.
Selva selvaggia
As palavras espiam como animais: umas, rajadas, sensuais, que nem panteras... outras, escuras, furtivas raposas... mas as mais belas palavras estão pousadas nas frondes mais altas, como pássaros... O poema está parado em meio da clareira.
O poema caiu na armadilha! debate-se e ora subdivide-se e entrechoca-se como esferas de vidro colorido ora é uma fórmula algébrica ora, como um sexo, palpita... Que importa que importa qual seja enfim o seu verdadeiro universo? Ele em breve será inteiramente devorado pelas palavras!
QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.
Selva selvaggia exemplifica uma das características da poética de Mário Quintana:
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123Q944477 | Inglês, Segundo Dia, UEMA, UEMA, 2021

Texto associado.

Read the text II to answer the question.


TEXT II

Common Dog Training Mistakes You Might Be Making


Priya Faith


You've welcomed a new furry friend into the family, and you can't wait to start training them. Whether it's to do all kinds of tricks or you want to ensure you have a well-behaved canine, it's not always straight forward. When it comes to training your four-legged friend, a lot of mistakes can occur…

Fear not, we're on hand with some of the most common mistakes so you can avoid them.

1. You're Focusing on The Negatives
If you're focusing on the negatives during training, it's not nearly as effective than using positive reinforcement. Rather than reprimanding poor behavior, concentrate on recognizing the good. While it will take a bit of practice, but it will pay off.

2. Training Sessions Last Too Long
Once you've seen some positive results, you should call time on your session. Just like us, your dog will get bored if you drag out training sessions too long. Instead, train in manageable stages, so it's more fun and useful for everyone.

3. You Stay in The Same Place to Train Your Dog
While you'll probably do the majority of your training at home, you should avoid limiting practice to just one place. If you teach your dog to behave inside four walls, it's likely that as soon as they get out into the big wide world, they'll have a much harder time paying attention

4. You're Using Your Clicker Too Much
Clicker training is pretty popular, and it can be a handy training tool when used correctly. However, you must understand how to use your clicker before you start clicking away. If you're not using it correctly, things can get pretty confusing pretty quickly.

5. You Rely on Treats Too Much
Granted, treats are a great way to keep your pup motivated and engaged. However, you should vary your rewards. Rather than just limiting rewards to treats, use toys, praise and play to mix things up.

6. You Repeat Commands Too Often
So, you're teaching your dog to sit, but it's not working. Instead of repeating the command over and over until your canine sits out of boredom, you should try something else. Your dog needs to be clear that the behavior should come directly after the command and stalling can undo this hard work.

7. You're Not Considering Your Dogs Personality
Even if you've trained a dog or dogs before successfully, it doesn't mean the same approach will work for your new pup. Every dog has a distinct character and behavioral profile, so to find out what will work, you need to be mindful of this. One size fits all is certainly not the case when it comes to dog training.

8. You Lack Confidence
Lack of confidence is a straight-up weakness. As natural predators, dogs can sense any weakness instinctively. So, with every command, you need to be confident.

https://en.wackojaco.com/8-common-dog-training-mistakes-you-might-be.Text slightly modified.
Based on the common mistakes observed in Priya Faith’s text, the option which points out correctly that one matching the specific part with the main idea is
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124Q944506 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, UEMA, UEMA, 2021

Texto associado.
TEXT II

Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots

Patrick Phillips

When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change.
Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps.
Green Onion
Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use!
Romaine Lettuce
You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to continue growing the thriving plant.
Cabbage
You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil.
Leeks
Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing out the water every 2 or 3 days.
Carrot Tops
Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days.
Celery
Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.

https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
Taking into consideration the specific parts (1 to 6) of text II: Green onion, Romaine lettuce, Cabbage, leeks, Carrot tops, and Celery, choose the correct option in which one can find a comparative of superiority.
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125Q944446 | Inglês, Vestibular 2023, UEMA, UEMA, 2022

Texto associado.

This text refers to question

How to Stop Eating Sugar

By David Leonhardt

If you’re like most Americans, you eat more sugar than is good for you. But it’s entirely possible to eat less sugar without sacrificing much — if any — of the pleasures of eating. Surprising as it may sound, many people who have cut back on sugar say they find their new eating habits more pleasurable than their old ones. This guide will walk you through why sugar matters, how you can make smart food choices to reduce sugar consumption, and how you can keep your life sweet, even without so many sweets.

Here's why you eat more sugar than you realize, and why it's a problem. The first thing to know: Added sugars, of one kind or another, are almost everywhere in the modern diet. They’re in sandwich bread, chicken stock, pickles, salad dressing, crackers, yogurt and cereal, as well as in the obvious foods and drinks, like soda and desserts.

The biggest problem with added sweeteners is that they make it easy to overeat. They’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. Instead, they can trick you into wanting even more food. Because we’re surrounded by added sweeteners — in our kitchens, in restaurants, at schools and offices — most of us will eat too much of them unless we consciously set out to do otherwise.

It’s not an accident. The sugar industry has conducted an aggressive, decades-long campaign to blame the obesity epidemic on fats, not sugars. Fats, after all, seem as if they should cause obesity. Thanks partly to that campaign, sugar consumption soared in the United States even as people were trying to lose weight. But research increasingly indicates that an overabundance of simple carbohydrates, and sugar in particular, is the No. 1 problem in modern diets. Sugar is the driving force behind the diabetes and obesity epidemics. Fortunately, more people are realizing the harms of sugar and cutting back.

[...]

Changing your diet is hard. If your strategy involves thinking about sugar all the time — whenever you’re shopping or eating — you’ll likely fail. You’ll also be miserable in the process. It’s much more effective to come up with a few simple rules and habits that then become second nature. (One strategy to consider: Eliminate all added sugars for one month, and then add back only the ones you miss. It’s easier than it sounds.)

Above all, most people’s goal should be to find a few simple, lasting ways to cut back on sugar. Once you’re done reading this guide, we suggest you choose two or three of our ideas and try them for a few weeks.

https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/how-to-stop-eating-sugar (text adapted)

In the long run, eating too much sugar has become one of the biggest problems for people. In the text we can find points and counterpoints related to added sweeteners. In this question, the option in which there are one positive and one negative aspect in consuming sugar is
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126Q944475 | Inglês, Segundo Dia, UEMA, UEMA, 2021

Texto associado.
Read the text I to answer the question.

TEXT I

Pets and humans: the history of their relationship

Nowadays, pets are part of our everyday lives and inseparable fellow travellers. At the 7th International Congress on Animal-Human Relations, "Animals, Health and Quality of Life", Professor James A. Serpell spoke on the origins and evolution of this relationship.
In his presentation, James A. Serpell, professor at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasized the fact that although nowadays the presence of pets in our homes is overwhelming and their integration into our family lives increases day by day, this is something that would have been completely inconceivable in the recent past. Professor Serpell gave as an example the current cohabitation situation that is taking place in the United States, where in 2005, 63% of households had at least one pet, and 45% had more than one. However, as noted, the relationship between humans and animals has not always been so positive as it is nowadays; in fact, it has gone through very dark periods, as the one that took place in England about five hundred years ago.
The history of the relationship between men and pets started at the dawn of our civilization, when both discovered how beneficial their friendship could be. However, their history – as any other story – is not free from conflicts and lack of understanding. Probably the darkest period of their relationship took place in England, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. According to Professor Serpell, during that period in that country, –which is nowadays very popular for their love of animals, – the owners of pets could run the risk of being accused of witchcraft and be executed.
As stated by the British historian Keith Thomas, witchcraft trials held in England maintained that witches were assisted by demons and ghosts in the form of animals. For that reason, the possession of cats, dogs, mice or birds, which were the typical pets of that period, was considered in many cases as irrefutable evidence to condemn a large number of people to the stake. In fact, in 1604, King James I of England approved a law that officially made it a crime «to consult, deal, invite, use, feed or reward ghosts under animal form in any way».
The worst thing about this law was that possessing pets was especially dangerous if the owner was poor, old or not well-esteemed by the community.… In these cases, the risk of being executed after being accused of witchcraft was quite high. This was life in England four hundred years ago; however, this situation was not exclusive to this nation. Art provides evidence of the way in which animals used to be related to witchcraft in other countries. In the fifteenth century, the Witches' Sabbath painted by the German artist Hans Baldung Grien showed a cat behind a witch. In Goya's art, the series of paintings devoted to witchcraft shows the devil in the form of a billy-goat escorted by two cats.… These are just two examples of how dark that period was for pets. Unfortunately, today, in the twenty-first century, there are still some countries that take very reprehensible decisions with regard to pets, such as China, for instance.

Pets and humans, the history of their relationship. | Affinity Petcare (affinity-petcare.com). Text slightly modified.
The owners of pets were at risk of being taken to the stake during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England because
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127Q944492 | Biologia, Principais doenças endêmicas no Brasil, Segundo Dia, UEMA, UEMA, 2021

Herpes simples é uma infecção comum, para a qual 99% da população adulta já adquiriu imunidade na infância e na adolescência. A infecção ocorre em mulheres no período perimenstrual e após exposição solar inadequada e sem proteção, provocando a formação de vesículas. Enquanto essas estiverem presentes com seu conteúdo líquido são infectantes e, quando rompem, surgem pequenas ulcerações (feridas rasas) cobertas de crostas. As infecções herpéticas em indivíduos com imunidade normal duram entre sete a 14 dias, porém sempre um médico deve ser consultado para se certificar do diagnóstico, bem como indicar o melhor tratamento para aquela forma de apresentação da doença, sendo que o tipo 1 determina infecção nos lábios e dentro da boca e o tipo 2 determina lesões nos genitais e pode ser adquirido por via sexual.
https://www.sbd.org.br/dermatologia/pele/doencas-e-problemas/herpes
Em relação ao herpes é correto afirmar que se trata de uma patologia de infecção
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128Q944468 | Português, Interpretação de Textos, Segundo Dia, UEMA, UEMA, 2021

Texto associado.
Leia o trecho do Cap. 1 para responder à questão.

Capítulo I

[...]

Nem bem teve seis anos deram água num chocalho pra ele e Macunaíma principiou falando como todos. E pediu pra mãe que largasse da mandioca ralando na cevadeira e levasse ele passear no mato. A mãe não quis porque não podia largar da mandioca não. Macunaíma choramingou dia inteiro. De-noite continuou chorando. No outro dia esperou com o olho esquerdo dormindo que a mãe principiasse o trabalho. Então pediu pra ela que largasse de tecer o paneiro de guarumá-membeca e levasse ele no mato passear. A mãe não quis porque não podia largar o paneiro não. E pediu pra nora, companheira de Jiguê, que levasse o menino. A companheira de Jiguê era bem moça e chamava Sofará. Foi se aproximando ressabiada porém desta vez Macunaíma ficou muito quieto sem botar a mão na graça de ninguém. A moça carregou o piá nas costas e foi até o pé de aninga na beira do rio. A água parara pra inventar um ponteio de gozo nas folhas do javari. O longe estava bonito com muitos biguás e biguatingas avoando na estrada do furo. A moça botou Macunaíma na praia porém ele principiou choramingando, que tinha muita formiga!... e pediu pra Sofará que o levasse até o derrame do morro lá dentro do mato. A moça fez. Mas assim que deitou o curumim nas tiriricas, tajás e trapoerabas da serrapilheira, ele botou corpo num átimo e ficou um príncipe lindo. Andaram por lá muito.

[...]

Andrade, M. Macunaíma. São Paulo: Ótima, 2015.
As metamorfoses experimentadas pelo herói no percurso da obra concorrem para a solidez do epíteto “herói sem nenhum caráter”. Além dessas transformações, Macunaíma apresenta, ao longo da narrativa, indícios de sua falta de caráter, tal como se comprova no trecho:
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129Q944500 | Português, Interpretação de Textos, Primeiro Dia, UEMA, UEMA, 2021

Texto associado.
Mario Quintana, poeta gaúcho, foi um dos maiores expoentes da literatura brasileira. Com estilo eclético, estreou em 1940, desafiando os críticos literários por se ter tornado um poeta popular. Sua poesia é compreensível sem ser banal; sua originalidade é natural; suas metáforas são claras, mas, ao mesmo tempo, surpreendentes.

O poema Noturno citadino é a base para responder à questão.

Um cartaz luminoso ri no ar.
Ó noite, ó minha nêga
toda acesa
de letreiros!... Pena
é que a gente saiba ler... Senão
tu serias de uma beleza única
inteiramente feita
para o amor dos nossos olhos.

QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.
O sujeito lírico, para fazer entender seus sentimentos no poema, pretende criar um dialogismo imaginário íntimo no(s)
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130Q944450 | História e Geografia de Estados e Municípios, Vestibular 2023, UEMA, UEMA, 2022

Leia a matéria jornalística abaixo.
Brasil, revolta no Norte
Os cidadãos da lânguida São Luís ... despertaram certa manhã da semana passada entre ruídos de brados, tiros e arrebentamento de vidros e peças de mobiliário”, pois nesse dia “o Estado se viu transformado em centro de uma sangrenta revolta em pequena escala”(...) “Mercearias e padarias- e até mesmo a Pensão galante de Madame Maroca – foram rigorosamente fechadas.
Time, New York, 12 e 26 mar. 1951 traduzido pelo Jornal O Imparcial, São Luís, 16 abr. 1951 apud COSTA, Wagner Cabral da. A Raposa e o Canguru: crises políticas e estratégia periférica no Maranhão. In. _____ (Org). História do Maranhão: novos estudos. São Luís: EDUFMA: 2004.
Na história política do Maranhão do século XX, a Greve de 51 tem um lugar de destaque pela expressiva participação da população civil da capital nos acontecimentos desse movimento paredista, o que rendeu a São Luís a fama de Ilha Rebelde. Esse movimento ganhou as manchetes nacionais e até internacionais, como se observa na matéria acima da revista Time. Sua eclosão representou uma
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131Q944441 | Português, Interpretação de Textos, Vestibular 2023, UEMA, UEMA, 2022

Texto associado.
A questão a seguir embasam-se na obra de Viriato Corrêa. Escrita na década de 1930, essa obra literária contém as memórias de infância do menino Cazuza, vivida no interior do Maranhão no final do século XIX.

Nessa poesia popular nordestina trazida por Viriato Corrêa, em "Cazuza", observa-se o intuito dos repentistas de sobrepujarem um ao outro

— José Firmino acredite,
Não gosto de me gabar,
Mas quando pego a viola,
Quando começo a cantar,
Saem da cova os defuntos,
Os peixes saem do mar,
Os anjos descem do céu,
E tudo vem me escutar.

O José Firmino quase não deixou que o
companheiro acabasse o último verso, e cantou
de viola estendida no peito:

— Eu não tenho inveja disso,
Sou valente, valentão,
Canguçu é meu cavalo,
Cascavel meu cinturão,
Eu engulo brasa viva,
Pego corisco com a mão,
Um empurrão do meu dedo
Bota dez morros no chão.

O outro acelerou os dedos nas cordas da viola e respondeu:

— Se eu for contar minhas artes
Não acabo nunca mais;
Para apagar os incêndios
Uso breu e aguarrás,
Eu ponho luneta em pulga,
E gravata em Satanás,
Eu faço gelo com brasa,
Coisa que você não faz,
Faço o carro andar na frente,
Faço o boi andar atrás.

E ergueu-se. José Firmino ergueu-se também.
Eram ambos fortes no desafio. Não haveria
vencido nem vencedor. Não valia a pena teimar.

CORRÊA, Viriato. Cazuza. 37ª ed. São Paulo: Editora Nacional, 1992

Entre as estratégias contundentes utilizadas nas gabolices, destacam-se construções paradoxais, a exemplo do par de versos:
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132Q682750 | Matemática, Sistema de Unidade de Medidas, Vestibular, UEMA, UEMA, 2022

O cultivo do solo é essencial para a prática da agricultura como forma de produção de alimentos. Existem, no Brasil, cooperativas que promovem agricultura familiar e economia solidária com papel fundamental na vida de milhares de famílias. Por meio do incentivo e da valorização, muitos agricultores familiares conseguem alavancar suas produções. Uma das formas de medidas das terras de plantações é a unidade hectare.

Considere uma família que fez um plantio de 15 hectares de terras para o cultivo de bananas. Nessas condições, a medida, em quilômetros quadrados, corresponde a

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