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241Q1023087 | Inglês, Determinantes e Quantificadores Determiners And Quantifiers, Inglês, Prefeitura de São Gonçalo RJ, SELECON, 2024

Texto associado.
Read the following text:


TEXT I


The teaching of English as a foreign language in the context of Brazilian regular schools: a retrospective and prospective view of policies and practices


Read the following text:


The movement towards a more meaningful approach to the teaching of English as a foreign language in Brazilian regular schools reached its climax in the 20th century with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level. Since then, the community of teachers has been divided into those who welcomed the contents, views and propositions of the document, and the ones who believed that the suggestions it contained were inappropriate. At the center of this controversy was the importance given by the official policies to the teaching of reading, as opposed to an approach, borrowed from private language institutes, which historically favored a focus on the oral skills.


A brief overview of the recent history of ELT in Brazilian regular schools


During the 1970s, the so-called audiolingual method, based on behaviorist and structuralist assumptions, was still considered the only scientific way of teaching a foreign language. Its emphasis on the oral skills and on the exhaustive repetition of structural exercises seemed to work well in the contexts of private language institutes. Those contexts were characterized by the gathering of small numbers of highly motivated students per class, a weekly time-table superior in the number of hours to the one adopted in regular schools, and plenty of audiovisual resources. Questionable in itself, both because of its results (which in time were revealed to be less efficient than believed, especially in terms of fluency) and its theoretical assumptions, the method ended up being adopted by regular schools due to its positive reputation at the time. The failure of the methodology in this context would soon become evident, generating extreme frustration both amongst teachers and students.


From the 1980s on, with the spread of ideas connected to the so-called communicative approach and the growth of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), the community of researchers and teachers interested in the context of regular schools started reviewing the assumptions and logic of English Language Teaching (ELT). Recognizing that each and every school discipline needs to justify its presence in the curriculum socially and educationally, this movement identified the skill of reading as the most relevant one for the students attending the majority of Brazilian regular schools.This understanding was achieved by considering not only the possibility of real use outside school, but also the role this approach could play in the achievement of other educational goals, such as the improvement of student's reading abilities in Portuguese as a mother tongue. This movement reached its climax with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level by the end of the 1990s. The document recommended the focus on the teaching of reading within a view of language as discourse. However, it did not close the door on the teaching of any other skill, as long as the context made it possible and relevant.


This understanding was achieved by considering not only the possibility of real use outside school, but also the role this approach could play in the achievement of other educational goals, such as the improvement of student's reading abilities in Portuguese as a mother tongue. This movement reached its climax with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level by the end of the 1990s. The document recommended the focus on the teaching of reading within a view of language as discourse. However, it did not close the door on the teaching of any other skill, as long as the context made it possible and relevant.


Another important characteristic of the Parameters that should not be overlooked is their emphasis on teacher's autonomy. This emphasis can be seen clearly in the fact that no content or method is imposed upon the teachers. What one can find are suggestions and relevant information for teachers to make their own decisions, taking into consideration the context within which they work. In other words, the Parameters do not force any teacher to limit their focus on the teaching of reading, if they believe they can go further than that.


To be or not to be: professional identities and beliefs


When asked why they were against the focus on reading, most teachers who take this position, told me that they considered the teaching of reading to be "not enough". Most of them also added that if the teaching of reading was designed to fit a context where one cannot effectively teach the oral skills, then we should not adapt ourselves to that context, but rather demand the improvements that would make more feasible the teaching of the so-called four skills.


Let us consider these statements more closely. The first one is about quantity, that is, by teaching "only" the reading skill, the teacher would be denying her/his students the opportunity for learning all the other skills. They would be denied the opportunity for learning to speak English, which is, after all, assumed to be the real goal of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL).


Reasonable and democratic as it may seem, such an argument fails to take into consideration at least one extremely relevant issue: the fact that in Brazil there are virtually no reports of successful teaching of the four skills in contexts other than the private language institutes. Before the mid-1980s, several different attempts were made to make ELT work out at regular schools, but only those which completely changed the characteristics of the classes (making them look almost exactly like the small, homogeneous classes of the private institutes) were able to achieve some (questionable) level of success. In other words, the integrative approach to ELT, with its claim of teaching the four skills, focusing especially on the oral skills, has never been successful in our regular schools, including most of the private ones, with very few exceptions. If that is indeed the case, then it makes very little sense to speak of giving our students more or less of something that they never really had. And even if we are to speak in such terms, then it is extremely clear (at least for those who tried it) that the communicative teaching of one skill is definitely better (and more) than the pantomime of allegedly teaching the four skills, which was never successful in the context of Brazilian schools.


Where do we go from here?


Any attempt to establish new policies for the teaching of EFL at Brazilian regular schools should start with the recognition that the PCN were a very important step towards meaningful foreign language education in this context. Without such recognition, there will always be the suspicion that the old beliefs connected to the professional identity of the teacher as an instructor are coming back.


Surely, we do not want to teach only reading forever. But sound attempts to go forward in enhancing the relevance of our teaching should start with the discussion of the three groups of reasons that justified the propositions of the PCN. The focus on reading was considered the most adequate for the majority of our schools because of practical considerations about our working conditions, social relevance, and educational relevance.


As far as practical conditions and educational relevance are concerned, virtually no major change has occurred in order to justify reframing our teaching. However, in what concerns social relevance, it is undeniable that the growth of the Internet has provided a new context for the use of the English language outside schools. For that reason, it is my belief that skills other than reading may now be taught in our classes without representing a return to a rationale that is alien to our schools. The teaching of writing in the context of Internet genres and practices is definitely necessary, if we want our students to have their own voice, becoming able to project their own local identities in global contexts.

Adapted from: ALMEIDA, Ricardo Luiz Teixeira de. Scielo Brazil – Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada - https://www.scielo.br/j/rbla/a/ nNz3Jtj85xmms8MnNfwRpMn/?lang=en. Accessed: 05/02/2024.
In the excerpt “Before the mid-1980s, several different attempts were made to make ELT work out at regular schools…”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by:
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242Q1022110 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Inglês, Prefeitura de Manhuaçu MG, FUNDEP Gestão de Concursos, 2024

Texto associado.
Teaching a student to read is arguably one of the most important functions of the teaching profession. The ability to read, and read for comprehension, opens up an entire world of possibilities and opportunities for children to discover new worlds and learn new concepts. And while teaching reading is such a high priority, some teachers who aren’t specially trained in the practice find themselves seeking additional help.

The good news is that there are many instructional strategies to teach reading that nearly any educator can implement. […]

The 5 Elements of Reading Instruction

Before you can effectively teach reading, it’s vital that you understand the primary components of reading instruction. When broken down into the five major elements, reading instruction is a much more approachable and easily understood skill. The five elements of reading instruction are:

Phonics: the relationship between letters and the different sounds they make. This can be in relation to single letters or groupings of letters.

Phonemic awareness: an understanding of how consonant or vowel sounds can be arranged to make words. Examples of phonemic awareness include being able to identify words that rhyme, recognizing alliteration, segmenting a sentence into words, identifying the syllables in a word, and blending and segmenting onsetrimes.

Vocabulary: the range of words a student is able to understand and use in context.

Fluency: the ability to read and understand words with accuracy, speed and comprehension.

Comprehension: complete understanding of information being delivered by a text.


Available at: https://pce.sandiego.edu/how-to-teach-reading-inthe-classroom-10-strategies/. Accessed on Sept. 12th, 2024.
In the sentence “When broken down into the five major elements, reading instruction is a much more approachable and easily understood skill.”, what does the phrasal verb broken down mean?
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243Q947130 | História, Primeira Guerra Mundial, Inglês, UEG, UEG, 2018

Leia o texto a seguir. Segundo os cálculos de José Pereira Rego (1816-1892), importante médico da Corte, a doença teria acometido, ao todo, cerca de 90.000 pessoas, mais de um terço da população carioca, estimada, por um relatório do ministério do Império da época, em 266.466 habitantes. Os próprios médicos estavam longe de um consenso sobre a natureza da febre amarela. De onde vinha? Como se propagava? Era contagiosa? Infecciosa? Qual era a cura? Como evitar que a cidade fosse atingida por novas epidemias? Perguntas como estas eram estampadas diariamente nas páginas dos jornais, que começavam a cobrar, de forma mais agressiva, soluções para o problema.
GONÇALVES, Monique de Siqueira. Morte anunciada. História Viva. 2 fev. 2009. Disponível em:<http://historianovest.blogspot.com.br/2009/02/morteanunciada.htmil>. Acesso em: 8 mar. 2018.
A citação refere-se à epidemia de febre amarela que assolou a cidade do Rio de Janeiro em 1850. No contexto da época, acreditava-se que a epidemia era causada
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244Q949483 | Inglês, Inglês, UNICENTRO, UNICENTRO

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View from the Rio favelas: 'We're often scared to leave the house in case we're hit by a stray bullet'

A year has gone by since the Olympic Games. Only 147 of those 365 days ended without the residents of Complexo do Alemão hearing gunshots. After the promises of hope and the Games’ legacy of peace, 218 days were accompanied by a soundtrack of gunfire.

On 218 days we were afraid we wouldn’t make it home alive; we were scared to leave the house in case we were hit by a stray bullet; on 218 days we were afraid that the walls of our homes might be hit. To pretend that we were not in a war zone, the military police painted their armoured military tanks – popularly called caveirão, or “big skull” – white.

For a long time I’ve wondered about the reason for the conflict and danger in the favelas of Rio, the same places that hold so much shared affection, culture, art and memory.

Since the Olympics, residents of the Complexo do Alemão have been afraid of organising a cultural event in the neighbourhood square, or of people gathering outside because an intense shootout might happen without prior notice, with no chance to find protection. It has been 218 days of fear.

All eyes – and investments – were turned to Brazil when it hosted, over 10 years, three mega sporting events. But the country has failed to keep its promises of peace after the 2007 Pan-American Games, the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games.

Before the Olympics, the state was completely absent in the favela. Back then we had no cable car – now we do, but it doesn’t work. We did not have family clinics – now we do, but without medical care. There were no police – now there are, and we live with daily shootings. What have the poorest received as a result of the Games? On television, I see only news of corruption.

Brazil is at war, some say. A war on the poor, justified by drugs. A war that justifies, for many (but not for me) the presence of the Brazilian army in the streets of the city. The beauty of Rio’s natural landscapes contrasts with the conflict of our daily lives, militarised by the government.

We need to talk about the relationship between violence and drugs. Young people from different favelas are now coming together to think about strategies that we hope can feed into public policies on drugs in Brazil. The #Movimentos movement – which runs discussions and seminars for young people – was created because it isn’t possible to deal with the drugs issue without the input of those who live with the consequences of failed policies.

As other countries move towards resolving the issue in a serious way, investing in research and prevention mechanisms in public health services, Brazil invests in more weapons and repression that result in an increase of death and incarceration – particularly among people who are poor, black, young and living in favelas.

But despite all the fear, all the chaos, we continue to conquer the world, occupying the spaces that we have been historically denied. The Coletivo Papo Reto (Straight Talk Collective) has created a calendar that celebrates the good news and achievements of the people who live in Complexo do Alemão. Many people may not understand what it is that motivates us in the midst of this chaos and fear. I don’t know either – but I feel that I must keep going.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/aug/19/rio-voices-view-from-the-favelas-olympics-they-
promised-a-legacy-of-peace-but-brazil-is-now-at-war. Access on 22/8/2017)
The main objective of the article is to
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245Q678654 | Matemática, Álgebra, Inglês, UEG, UEG, 2019

Duas circunferências possuem equações ( x+1)2 + y2 = 1 e (x-1)2 + y2 = 1. A intersecção entre as duas circunferências
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246Q1022465 | Inglês, Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects, Inglês, IF Sul Rio Grandense, IF Sul Rio Grandense, 2025

According to Alves (et al., 2020), considering teaching pronunciation in English as a Foreign Language class, mark T for True statements and F for False ones.

( ) Learners have more difficulty learning sounds that are phonetically closer, because they tend not to perceive them as different.
( ) The goal of learning pronunciation is to teach learners to speak like native speakers.
( ) It is important to highlight specific differences in the vowel systems of the native language and the target language in order to avoid intelligibility problems in communication.
( ) Students need resources to be able to understand speakers with different profiles, as well as to make their speech more intelligible.

The correct sequence of True and False statements, from top to bottom, is
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247Q947206 | Literatura, Escolas Literárias, Inglês, UNIOESTE, UNIOESTE, 2019

Sobre o conto “O outro”, de Rubem Fonseca, assinale a alternativa INCORRETA.
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248Q1022989 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de São Gabriel da Cachoeira AM, Instituto Abaré eté, 2024

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, principally carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. Scientists argue that global warming has led to environmental and social changes, including more frequent wildfires, longer periods of drought in some regions, and an increase in the number, duration, and intensity of tropical storms.

Which of the following actions is primarily aimed at directly reducing the impact of global warming?

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249Q1022992 | Inglês, Adjetivos Adjectives, Inglês, Prefeitura de São Gabriel da Cachoeira AM, Instituto Abaré eté, 2024

Choose the sentence that correctly uses both a common adjective and a demonstrative adjective:
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250Q1022758 | Inglês, Preposições Prepositions, Inglês, Prefeitura de Guabiruba SC, FURB, 2024

Texto associado.
NO KID-DING Why you should never let your kids take a bag on the plane − even if it's free


(§ 1) A TRAVEL expert has revealed you should never let your kids bring a bag on the plane if you want a stress-free journey.


(§ 2) Experienced flyer, Vanessa Grant recommends parents don't let their kids take a bag with them after sharing her recent experience of travelling with her kids - aged 8 and 11.


(§ 3) "Smart packing is what really saved us," she said.


(§ 4) Vanessa did two long-haul flights with her family from Canada to Indonesia which went smoothly because the kids didn't have bags, she claims.


(§ 5) It is important to "instil a sense of responsibility" in kids however, it is not worth the stress of tracking down a lost backpack __ a busy international airport, according to the travel expert.


(§ 6) Vanessa explained: "The stakes are just too high and even replacing a charging cord can be pricey at a duty-free shop, let alone a whole backpack's worth of stuff."


(§ 7) It is also important to bring the right type of carry-on when travelling with your family, to make your life a lot easier.


(§ 8) A small rolling suitcase is perfect for long-haul flights and "is like the clown car of carry-ons".


(§ 9) Vanessa added: "It fits a change of clothes for three of us, plus toiletries and some snacks."


(§ 10) Instead of storing your carry-on in the overhead bins you should put it __ the seat of your shortest child so they'll be able to rest their feet on it, Vanessa recommends.


(§ 11) This clever hack will stop your child from complaining as it is "uncomfortable to have your legs hanging for hours".


(§ 12) Packing a change of clothes for everyone will ensure you have a smoother journey, according to the experienced flyer.


(§ 13) "Spills and vomiting can happen to anyone," she said.


(§ 14) Vanessa added: "One of my kids lost multiple socks __ the plane and in the hotel.


(§ 15) "Luckily most airlines give passengers a little package including a toothbrush and toothpaste, ear plugs, an eye mask and socks so we had a few extra pairs."


(§ 16) Bringing snacks for your kids can end up saving a lot of money as they likely won't eat all the food offered by airlines, "unless your child is a unicorn".


(§ 17) Vanessa also recommends bringing an empty water bottle you can fill up before getting on the plane.


(§ 18) Most kids on flights are thrilled to get "hours of uninterrupted screen time, both on their tablets and thescreens on the back of seats in front of them".


(§ 19) However, screens even for kids can get old quickly.


(§ 20) Parents should bring alternative activities for their children.


(§ 21) Vanessa brought a book, notepad and pens which kept them entertained throughout the flight.


(§ 22) Forgetting either your charger or headphones can spoil the whole journey, the travel expert claims.


(§ 23) Parents will need the chargers to make sure their children can stay entertained on the screens.


(§ 24) "We brought headphones for everyone," Vanessa said.


(§ 25) She added: "No one—including you—wants to hear the sound effects from your kid's favourite video game for hours on end."



https://www.thesun.co.uk/travel/26306770/never-let-your-kidstake-a-bag-on-plane/ (adaptado)
Choose the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks of paragraphs 05, 10 and 14:
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251Q1022261 | Inglês, Análise Sintática Syntax Parsing, Inglês, Prefeitura de Calumbi PE, IGEDUC, 2025

Texto associado.

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

India's luxury airline Vistara flies into the sunset



Indian full-service carrier Vistara will operate its last flight on Monday, after nine years in existence.


A joint venture between Singapore Airlines and the Tata Sons, Vistara will merge with Tata-owned Air India to form a single entity with an expanded network and broader fleet.


This means that all Vistara operations will be transferred to and managed by Air India, including helpdesk kiosks and ticketing offices. The process of migrating passengers with existing Vistara bookings and loyalty programmes to Air India has been under way over thepast few months.


"As part of the merger process, meals, service ware and other soft elements have been upgraded and incorporates aspects of both Vistara and Air India," an Air India spokesperson said in an email response.


Amid concerns that the merger could impact service standards, the Tatas have assured that Vistara's in-flight experience will remain unchanged.


Known for its high ratings in food, service, and cabin quality, Vistara has built a loyal customer base and the decision to retire the Vistara brand has been criticised by fans, branding experts, and aviation analysts.


The consolidation was effectively done to clean up Vistara's books and wipe out its losses, said Mark Martin, an aviation analyst.


Air India has essentially been "suckered into taking a loss-making airline" in a desperate move, he added.


"Mergers are meant to make airlines powerful. Never to wipe out losses or cover them."


To be sure, both Air India and Vistara's annual losses have reduced by more than half over the past year, and other operating metrics have improved too. But the merger process so far has been turbulent.


The exercise has been riddled with problems − from pilot shortages that have led to massive flight cancellations, to Vistara crew going on mass sick leave over plans to align their salary structures with Air India.


There have also been repeated complaints about poor service standards on Air India, including viral videos of broken seats and non-functioning inflight entertainment systems.


The Tatas have announced a $400m (£308m) programme to upgrade and retrofit the interiors of its older aircraft and also a brand-new livery. They've also placed orders for hundreds of new Airbus and Boeing planes worth billions of dollars to augment their offering.


But this "turnaround" is still incomplete and riddled with problems, according to Mr Martin. A merger only complicates matters.


Experts say that the merger strikes a dissonant chord from a branding perspective too.


Harish Bijoor, a brand strategy specialist, told the BBC he was feeling "emotional" that a superior product offering like Vistara which had developed a "gold standard for Indian aviation" was ceasing operations.


"It is a big loss for the industry," said Mr Bijoor, adding it will be a monumental task for the mother brand Air India to simply "copy, paste and exceed" the high standards set by Vistara, given that it's a much smaller airline that's being gobbled up by a much larger one.


Mr Bijoor suggests a better strategy would have been to operate Air India separately for five years, focusing on improving service standards, while maintaining Vistara as a distinct brand with Air India prefixed to it.


"This would have given Air India the time and chance to rectify the mother brand and bring it up to the Vistara level, while maintaining its uniqueness," he adds.


Beyond branding, the merged entity will face a slew of operational challenges.


"Communication will be a major challenge in the early days, with customers arriving at the airport expecting Vistara flights, only to find Air India branding," says Ajay Awtaney, editor of Live From A Lounge, an aviation portal. "Air India will need to maintain clear communication for weeks."


Another key challenge, he notes, is cultural: Vistara's agile employees may struggle to adjust to Air India's complex bureaucracy and systems.


But the biggest task for the merged carrier would be offering customers a uniform flying experience.


These are "two airlines with very different service formats are being integrated into one airline. It is going to be a hotchpotch of service formats, cabin formats, branding, and customer experience. It will involve learning and unlearning, and such a process has rarely worked with airlines and is seldom effective," said Mr Martin.


Still, many believe Vistara had to go − now or some years later.


A legacy brand like Air India, with strong global recognition and 'India' imprinted in its identity, wouldn't have allowed a smaller, more premium subsidiary to overshadow its revival process.


Financially too, it makes little sense for the Tatas to have two loss-making entities compete with one another.


The combined strength of Vistara and Air India could also place the Tatas in a much better position to compete with market leader Indigo.


The unified Air India group (including Air India Express, which completed its merger with the former Air Asia India in October) "will be bigger and better with a fleet size of nearly 300 aircraft, an expanded network and a stronger workforce", an Air India spokesperson said.


"Getting done with the merger means that Air India grows overnight, and the two teams start cooperating instead of competing. There will never be one right day to merge. Somewhere, a line had to be drawn," said Mr Awtaney.


But for many Vistara loyalists, its demise leaves a void in India's skies for a premium, full-service carrier - marking the third such gap after the collapse of Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways.


It's still too early to say if Air India, which often ranks at the bottom of airline surveys, can successfully fill that void.


https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5ygp1w5eq7o

In the phrase "the decision to retire the Vistara brand," the nominal phrase "the decision to retire the Vistara brand" serves as:
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252Q947042 | Geografia, Urbanização brasileira, Inglês, UEG, UEG, 2019

Leia a letra de música a seguir.
Chegou o fim de semana, todos querem diversão só alegria, nós estamos no verão [...].
Milhares de casas amontoadas, Ruas de terra Esse é o morro [...].
Aqui não vejo nenhum clube poliesportivo Pra molecada frequentar, Nenhum incentivo O investimento no lazer é muito escasso O centro comunitário é um fracasso [...].
BROWN, Mano. Fim de semana no parque. Intérprete: Racionais MC´s. CD RaioS do Brasil. Zimbabwe, 1993.
A letra da música faz referência a diversos problemas relacionados à vida nas periferias, especialmente das grandes cidades. Quanto a esses problemas, verifica-se que:
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253Q949356 | Inglês, Inglês, UNICENTRO, UNICENTRO, 2018

Texto associado.
The President is Missing
By Bill Clinton and James Patterson

When Tom Wolfe noted that “the problem with fiction” is that “it has to be plausible,” he may have had efforts like this one in mind. Bill Clinton and James Patterson’s ambitious and wildly readable new novel, “The President Is Missing,” arches more closely toward plausibility in its geopolitical subplots — threats against the Saudi king, malicious Russian meddling in world affairs — than its main story line of a president who ditches his handlers and goes rogue from the White House, convinced he is the only one who can foil a huge cyberterror plot.
The book opens with a charged scene in which President Jonathan Duncan is participating in a mock hearing to prepare for a congressional inquiry investigating the botched attempt to capture a terrorist. When the president loses his temper, he vindicates the advisers who have cautioned him not to appear before the actual committee. It’s a satisfying outcome for the former senior staffer in me — but unrealistic, considering the picture of the president that unfolds on the subsequent pages.

Disponível em<https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/books/review/president-is-missing-clinton-patterson.html>. Acesso em 20 de jul. 2018.
From this book review, we can state that
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254Q949150 | Química, Soluções características, Inglês, PUC RS, PUC RS

A conservação de alimentos exige que se iniba a proliferação microbiana. Há uma variedade de técnicas capazes de atingir esse objetivo, entre elas a salga de carnes e a produção de conservas e compotas por meio de soluções concentradas de sal ou açúcar. Com relação a isso, é correto afirmar que,
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255Q947108 | Inglês, Inglês, UEG, UEG, 2018

Texto associado.
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

Who's driving?Autonomous cars may be entering the most dangerous phase

Autopilot controls are not yet fully capable of functioning without human intervention – but they’re good enough to lull us into a false sense of security.
When California police officers approached a Tesla stopped in the centre of a five-lane highway outside San Francisco last week, they found a man asleep at the wheel. The driver, who was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving, told them his car was in “autopilot”, Tesla’s semi-autonomous driver assist system.
 In a separate incident, firefighters in Culver City reported that a Tesla vehicle parked at the rear of their fire truck as it attended an accident on the freeway. Again, the driver said the vehicle was in autopilot.
The oft-repeated promise of driverless technology is that it will make the roads safer by reducing human error, the primary cause of accidents. However, those vehicles have a long way to go before they can eliminate the drivers.
However, research has shown that drivers get lulled into a false sense of security to the point where their minds and gazes start to wander away from the road. People become distracted or preoccupied with their smartphones. So when the car encounters a situation where the human needs to intervene, the driver can be slow to react.
During tests the IIHS recorded a Mercedes having problems when the lane on the highway forked in two. The radar system locked onto the right-hand exit lane when the driver was trying to go straight.
Concern over this new type of distracted driving is forcing engineers to introduce additional safety features to compensate. For example, GM has introduced eye-tracking technology to check the driver’s eyes are on the road while Tesla drivers can be locked out of autopilot if they ignore warnings to keep their hands on the steering wheel.
In spite of these problems, Tesla’s CEO, Elon Musk, remains bullish about his company’s autonomous technology, even suggesting that by 2019 drivers would be able to sleep in their cars – presumably without being arrested by highway patrol officers.

Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/24/self-driving-cars-dangerous-period-false-security>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. (Adaptado).
Considering to the information expressed in the text, autonomous cars
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256Q947113 | Matemática, Inglês, UEG, UEG, 2018

Numa turma de Matemática ocorreu o seguinte número de reprovações na disciplina de Cálculo, em relação aos alunos, apresentadas na tabela a seguir.
Número de Reprovações Meninos Meninas 0 7 10 1 4 6 2 3 5 3 2 4
Com base nos dados apresentados, tem-se que
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257Q944055 | Inglês, Inglês, UECE, UECE CEV, 2020

Texto associado.
Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

The United States is using more
plastic than ever, and waste exported for
recycling is often mishandled, according
to a new study.
The United States contribution
to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
significantly larger than previously
thought, possibly by as much as five
times, according to a study published
Friday. The research, published in Science
Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
by the same authors. Two factors
contributed to the sharp increase:
Americans are using more plastic than
ever and the current study included
pollution generated by United States
exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
one did not.
The United States, which does
not have sufficient infrastructure to
handle its recycling demands at home,
exports about half of its recyclable waste.
Of the total exported, about 88 percent
ends up in countries considered to have
inadequate waste management.
“When you consider how much
of our plastic waste isn’t actually
recyclable because it is low-value,
contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
not surprising that a lot of it ends up
polluting the environment,” said the
study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
research professor of oceanography at
Sea Education Association, in a
statement.
The study estimates that in
2016, the United States contributed
between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
plastic waste to the oceans through a
combination of littering, dumping and
mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
that’s almost double the total estimated
waste in the team’s previous study. At the
high end, it would be a fivefold increase
over the earlier estimate.
Nicholas Mallos, a senior
director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
author of the study, said the upper
estimate would be equal to a pile of
plastic covering the area of the White
House Lawn and reaching as high as the
Empire State Building.
The ranges are wide partly
because “there’s no real standard for
being able to provide good quality data on
collection and disposal of waste in
general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
economist at DSM Environmental
Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
practices in countries around the world
and used their “best professional
judgment” to determine the lowest and
highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
escape into the environment. They settled
on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
Tony Walker, an associate
professor at the Dalhousie University
School for Resource and Environmental
Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
analyzing waste data can amount to a
“data minefield” because there are no
data standards across municipalities.
Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
overseas, he said, data is often not
recorded at all.
Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
was not involved in the study, said it
could offer a more accurate accounting of
plastic pollution than the previous study,
which likely underestimated the United
States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
best estimate, as accurate as they can be
with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
which underscores that the figures are
estimates.
Of the plastics that go into the
United States recycling system, about 9
percent of the country’s total plastic
waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
be remade into new consumer goods. New
plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
that only certain expensive, high-grade
plastics are profitable to recycle within the
United States, which is why roughly half
of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
which data is available.
Since 2016, however, the
recycling landscape has changed. China
and many countries in Southeast Asia
have stopped accepting plastic waste
imports. And lower oil prices have further
reduced the market for recycled plastic.
“What the new study really underscores is
we have to get a handle on source
reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
starts with eliminating unnecessary and
problematic single-use plastics.”

From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
In “Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who was not involved in the study, said it could offer a more accurate accounting of plastic pollution...” (lines 78- 81), there is an example of
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258Q1023928 | Inglês, Números Numbers, Inglês, Prefeitura de São José SC, FEPESE, 2024

Texto associado.

Text 1

Structure of education in Singapore

The complete control and management of Singapore’s education is in the hands of the Ministry of Education (MOE). With continuous endeavour from MOE, today Singapore can be considered to have a strong and well-reputed education system. As per recent study Singapore is ranked fourth in terms of World’s Best Education System.

The preschools are run by the private sector, including religious bodies, community foundations, business groups, etc. However, every preschool need to register itself with the Singapore Ministry of Education before being functional.

After completion of 6 years of primary education, students have to appear for a Primary School Leaving Exam (PSLE). All those students who passed the exam are admitted in a secondary level course, which is usually completed in 4-5 years. It is similar to attending seventh grade through tenth grade in the American education system.

After completion of the secondary education, the students need to appear in Singaporean GCE ‘O’ Level exam. Based on the merit in that exam, students proceed to pre-university education, which is similar to attending eleventh grade and twelfth grade as per the American education system. At this level students can opt for a wide range of subjects from varied academic areas covering Humanities, Arts and Languages, Sciences and Mathematics streams.

www.singaporeeducation.info/Education-System/ Structure-of-Education

The words fourth, seventh, tenth, eleventh and twelfth can be classified as:

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259Q900540 | Inglês, Futuro progressivo Future continuous, Inglês, Prefeitura de Cubati PB, CONTEMAX, 2024

Which sentence correctly uses a future continuous tense?
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260Q945390 | Biologia, Inglês, UEMG, UEMG, 2025

O metabolismo da glicose é um processo biológico fundamental pelo qual as células convertem glicose em energia, apoiando assim várias funções fisiológicas. Qual das alternativas não é um produto do metabolismo da glicose?
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