Questões de Concursos Inglês

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281Q1022263 | Inglês, Adjetivos Adjectives, Inglês, Prefeitura de Calumbi PE, IGEDUC, 2025

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India's luxury airline Vistara flies into the sunset

Indian full-service carrier Vistara will operate its last flight on Monday, after nine years in existence.

A joint venture between Singapore Airlines and the Tata Sons, Vistara will merge with Tata-owned Air India to form a single entity with an expanded network and broader fleet.

This means that all Vistara operations will be transferred to and managed by Air India, including helpdesk kiosks and ticketing offices. The process of migrating passengers with existing Vistara bookings and loyalty programmes to Air India has been under way over thepast few months.

"As part of the merger process, meals, service ware and other soft elements have been upgraded and incorporates aspects of both Vistara and Air India," an Air India spokesperson said in an email response.

Amid concerns that the merger could impact service standards, the Tatas have assured that Vistara's in-flight experience will remain unchanged.

Known for its high ratings in food, service, and cabin quality, Vistara has built a loyal customer base and the decision to retire the Vistara brand has been criticised by fans, branding experts, and aviation analysts.

The consolidation was effectively done to clean up Vistara's books and wipe out its losses, said Mark Martin, an aviation analyst.

Air India has essentially been "suckered into taking a loss-making airline" in a desperate move, he added.

"Mergers are meant to make airlines powerful. Never to wipe out losses or cover them."

To be sure, both Air India and Vistara's annual losses have reduced by more than half over the past year, and other operating metrics have improved too. But the merger process so far has been turbulent.

The exercise has been riddled with problems − from pilot shortages that have led to massive flight cancellations, to Vistara crew going on mass sick leave over plans to align their salary structures with Air India.

There have also been repeated complaints about poor service standards on Air India, including viral videos of broken seats and non-functioning inflight entertainment systems.

The Tatas have announced a $400m (£308m) programme to upgrade and retrofit the interiors of its older aircraft and also a brand-new livery. They've also placed orders for hundreds of new Airbus and Boeing planes worth billions of dollars to augment their offering.

But this "turnaround" is still incomplete and riddled with problems, according to Mr Martin. A merger only complicates matters.

Experts say that the merger strikes a dissonant chord from a branding perspective too.

Harish Bijoor, a brand strategy specialist, told the BBC he was feeling "emotional" that a superior product offering like Vistara which had developed a "gold standard for Indian aviation" was ceasing operations.

"It is a big loss for the industry," said Mr Bijoor, adding it will be a monumental task for the mother brand Air India to simply "copy, paste and exceed" the high standards set by Vistara, given that it's a much smaller airline that's being gobbled up by a much larger one.

Mr Bijoor suggests a better strategy would have been to operate Air India separately for five years, focusing on improving service standards, while maintaining Vistara as a distinct brand with Air India prefixed to it.

"This would have given Air India the time and chance to rectify the mother brand and bring it up to the Vistara level, while maintaining its uniqueness," he adds.

Beyond branding, the merged entity will face a slew of operational challenges.

"Communication will be a major challenge in the early days, with customers arriving at the airport expecting Vistara flights, only to find Air India branding," says Ajay Awtaney, editor of Live From A Lounge, an aviation portal. "Air India will need to maintain clear communication for weeks."

Another key challenge, he notes, is cultural: Vistara's agile employees may struggle to adjust to Air India's complex bureaucracy and systems.

But the biggest task for the merged carrier would be offering customers a uniform flying experience.

These are "two airlines with very different service formats are being integrated into one airline. It is going to be a hotchpotch of service formats, cabin formats, branding, and customer experience. It will involve learning and unlearning, and such a process has rarely worked with airlines and is seldom effective," said Mr Martin.

Still, many believe Vistara had to go − now or some years later.

A legacy brand like Air India, with strong global recognition and 'India' imprinted in its identity, wouldn't have allowed a smaller, more premium subsidiary to overshadow its revival process.

Financially too, it makes little sense for the Tatas to have two loss-making entities compete with one another.

The combined strength of Vistara and Air India could also place the Tatas in a much better position to compete with market leader Indigo.

The unified Air India group (including Air India Express, which completed its merger with the former Air Asia India in October) "will be bigger and better with a fleet size of nearly 300 aircraft, an expanded network and a stronger workforce", an Air India spokesperson said.

"Getting done with the merger means that Air India grows overnight, and the two teams start cooperating instead of competing. There will never be one right day to merge. Somewhere, a line had to be drawn," said Mr Awtaney.

But for many Vistara loyalists, its demise leaves a void in India's skies for a premium, full-service carrier - marking the third such gap after the collapse of Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways.

It's still too early to say if Air India, which often ranks at the bottom of airline surveys, can successfully fill that void.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5ygp1w5eq7o

In the phrase, "Known for its high ratings in food, service, and cabin quality," the adjective "high" serves to:

✂️ a) highlight specific achievements in food service alone.
✂️ b) suggest moderate customer satisfaction with Vistara.
✂️ c) compare Vistara's ratings with other airlines' ratings.
✂️ d) emphasize the positive quality of multiple aspects of Vistara's service.

283Q949354 | Inglês, Inglês, UNICENTRO, UNICENTRO, 2018

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Fort De Soto Park, St. Petersburg, Florida

One of the most dog-friendly beaches in Florida, Fort De Soto State Park not only welcomes pets on the sand, but also has special Paw Playgrounds for big and small dogs with shade and water stations. Dogs must be leashed when they enter and exit the beach, but can enjoy the water and sand off leash with their owners the rest of their visit. In a recently released survey, Fort De Soto was one of Invitation Homes Top 10 Dog Beaches, where factors such as leash laws, whether pets can go in the water, what times of the year pets are allowed on the beach, and whether there is a pet-only section were evaluated. “For anyone who lives near the beach or takes their pet on vacation, there is nothing like seeing the joy of your ‘best friend’ frolicking in the sand,” says Marnie Vaughn, vice president of operations in Florida.

Disponível em <https://www.rd.com/advice/pets/dog-friendly-beaches/1/>. Acesso em 10 de ago. 2018.

Fort De Soto is a place that

✂️ a) Only dogs can take advantages of the sand and sun.
✂️ b) Was ranked one of top 10 beaches that accept dogs.
✂️ c) People get injured when dogs are around.
✂️ d) Dogs enter the beach without being leashed.
✂️ e) Pets are able to run, swim and play without their owners.

285Q949154 | Biologia, Classificação biológica, Inglês, PUC RS, PUC RS, 2017

INSTRUÇÃO: A questão trata de conhecimentos relacionados à etnobotânica, a qual se dedica a estudar a interface entre conhecimentos botânicos e etnológicos, ou seja, a relação que diferentes povos estabelecem com as plantas e, a partir disso, os distintos saberes produzidos sobre sua utilização e cultivo.

Algumas tribos indígenas da região da Amazônia costumam alimentar-se das sementes oleaginosas de Hevea brasiliensis, também conhecida como seringueira. A importância econômica dessa planta está fortemente vinculada à extração de látex para a produção de borracha, podendo ser utilizada também para a produção de óleos, vernizes, tintas e suplementos alimentares. A partir dessas informações, é possível concluir que

✂️ a) seu fruto não permite classificá-la como angiosperma.
✂️ b) suas folhas pecioladas permitem classificá-la como monocotiledônea.
✂️ c) seu látex, ao ser secretado, protege áreas de tecidos vegetais lesionadas.
✂️ d) suas sementes são oleaginosas devido a seu alto teor de carboidratos.

287Q944051 | Inglês, Inglês, UECE, UECE CEV, 2020

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Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

The United States is using more

plastic than ever, and waste exported for

recycling is often mishandled, according

to a new study.

The United States contribution

to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is

significantly larger than previously

thought, possibly by as much as five

times, according to a study published

Friday. The research, published in Science

Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper

by the same authors. Two factors

contributed to the sharp increase:

Americans are using more plastic than

ever and the current study included

pollution generated by United States

exports of plastic waste, while the earlier

one did not.

The United States, which does

not have sufficient infrastructure to

handle its recycling demands at home,

exports about half of its recyclable waste.

Of the total exported, about 88 percent

ends up in countries considered to have

inadequate waste management.

“When you consider how much

of our plastic waste isn’t actually

recyclable because it is low-value,

contaminated or difficult to process, it’s

not surprising that a lot of it ends up

polluting the environment,” said the

study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,

research professor of oceanography at

Sea Education Association, in a

statement.

The study estimates that in

2016, the United States contributed

between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of

plastic waste to the oceans through a

combination of littering, dumping and

mismanaged exports. At a minimum,

that’s almost double the total estimated

waste in the team’s previous study. At the

high end, it would be a fivefold increase

over the earlier estimate.

Nicholas Mallos, a senior

director at the Ocean Conservancy and an

author of the study, said the upper

estimate would be equal to a pile of

plastic covering the area of the White

House Lawn and reaching as high as the

Empire State Building.

The ranges are wide partly

because “there’s no real standard for

being able to provide good quality data on

collection and disposal of waste in

general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource

economist at DSM Environmental

Solutions, a consulting firm, and an

author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the

researchers had evaluated waste-disposal

practices in countries around the world

and used their “best professional

judgment” to determine the lowest and

highest amounts of plastic waste likely to

escape into the environment. They settled

on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.

Tony Walker, an associate

professor at the Dalhousie University

School for Resource and Environmental

Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that

analyzing waste data can amount to a

“data minefield” because there are no

data standards across municipalities.

Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped

overseas, he said, data is often not

recorded at all.

Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who

was not involved in the study, said it

could offer a more accurate accounting of

plastic pollution than the previous study,

which likely underestimated the United

States’ contribution. “They’ve put their

best estimate, as accurate as they can be

with this data,” he said, and used ranges,

which underscores that the figures are

estimates.

Of the plastics that go into the

United States recycling system, about 9

percent of the country’s total plastic

waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll

be remade into new consumer goods. New

plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture

that only certain expensive, high-grade

plastics are profitable to recycle within the

United States, which is why roughly half

of the country’s plastic waste was shipped

abroad in 2016, the most recent year for

which data is available.

Since 2016, however, the

recycling landscape has changed. China

and many countries in Southeast Asia

have stopped accepting plastic waste

imports. And lower oil prices have further

reduced the market for recycled plastic.

“What the new study really underscores is

we have to get a handle on source

reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That

starts with eliminating unnecessary and

problematic single-use plastics.”

From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/

A high percentage of the USA's exported recyclable waste goes to countries that

✂️ a) belong to the Third World.
✂️ b) don't have a proper waste management.
✂️ c) have a fine infrastructure to handle it.
✂️ d) provide good data on disposal of waste.

288Q944052 | Inglês, Inglês, UECE, UECE CEV, 2020

Texto associado.

Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

The United States is using more

plastic than ever, and waste exported for

recycling is often mishandled, according

to a new study.

The United States contribution

to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is

significantly larger than previously

thought, possibly by as much as five

times, according to a study published

Friday. The research, published in Science

Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper

by the same authors. Two factors

contributed to the sharp increase:

Americans are using more plastic than

ever and the current study included

pollution generated by United States

exports of plastic waste, while the earlier

one did not.

The United States, which does

not have sufficient infrastructure to

handle its recycling demands at home,

exports about half of its recyclable waste.

Of the total exported, about 88 percent

ends up in countries considered to have

inadequate waste management.

“When you consider how much

of our plastic waste isn’t actually

recyclable because it is low-value,

contaminated or difficult to process, it’s

not surprising that a lot of it ends up

polluting the environment,” said the

study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,

research professor of oceanography at

Sea Education Association, in a

statement.

The study estimates that in

2016, the United States contributed

between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of

plastic waste to the oceans through a

combination of littering, dumping and

mismanaged exports. At a minimum,

that’s almost double the total estimated

waste in the team’s previous study. At the

high end, it would be a fivefold increase

over the earlier estimate.

Nicholas Mallos, a senior

director at the Ocean Conservancy and an

author of the study, said the upper

estimate would be equal to a pile of

plastic covering the area of the White

House Lawn and reaching as high as the

Empire State Building.

The ranges are wide partly

because “there’s no real standard for

being able to provide good quality data on

collection and disposal of waste in

general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource

economist at DSM Environmental

Solutions, a consulting firm, and an

author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the

researchers had evaluated waste-disposal

practices in countries around the world

and used their “best professional

judgment” to determine the lowest and

highest amounts of plastic waste likely to

escape into the environment. They settled

on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.

Tony Walker, an associate

professor at the Dalhousie University

School for Resource and Environmental

Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that

analyzing waste data can amount to a

“data minefield” because there are no

data standards across municipalities.

Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped

overseas, he said, data is often not

recorded at all.

Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who

was not involved in the study, said it

could offer a more accurate accounting of

plastic pollution than the previous study,

which likely underestimated the United

States’ contribution. “They’ve put their

best estimate, as accurate as they can be

with this data,” he said, and used ranges,

which underscores that the figures are

estimates.

Of the plastics that go into the

United States recycling system, about 9

percent of the country’s total plastic

waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll

be remade into new consumer goods. New

plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture

that only certain expensive, high-grade

plastics are profitable to recycle within the

United States, which is why roughly half

of the country’s plastic waste was shipped

abroad in 2016, the most recent year for

which data is available.

Since 2016, however, the

recycling landscape has changed. China

and many countries in Southeast Asia

have stopped accepting plastic waste

imports. And lower oil prices have further

reduced the market for recycled plastic.

“What the new study really underscores is

we have to get a handle on source

reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That

starts with eliminating unnecessary and

problematic single-use plastics.”

From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/

Considering the information provided in the text, it is clear that of the total plastic waste in the United States

✂️ a) almost 100% is recycled.
✂️ b) less than 10% goes into its recycling system.
✂️ c) around 80% is shipped to poor countries.
✂️ d) more and more has been recycled in the last decade.

290Q949488 | Inglês, Inglês, UNICENTRO, UNICENTRO, 2017

Texto associado.

Re-Planting a Forest, One Drone at a Time

That funny little buzz you hear in the forest may not just be the hum of summer insects. In the near future it could be a small fleet of drones, coming to replant and restore forests that have been stripped of trees by industrial-scale deforestation. It’s all part of an ambitious plan by BioCarbon Engineering, a U.K.-based startup on a global mission to battle widespread clear-cutting, which strips more than 26 billion trees off the planet each year. CEO Lauren Fletcher, who spent 20 years as an engineer with NASA, says the only way to fight industrial-scale deforestation is with industrial-scale reforestation. Their idea: plant 1 billion trees a year. The first targets are in South Africa and the Amazonian jungles, both of which have suffered from widespread forest eradication.

BioCarbon’s reforestation scheme is simple and efficient. Here’s a quick look at how it plans to deploy its drone fleet:

1 Do a 3-D aerial survey. First, drones are sent to fly over a potential planting zone, snapping photos that create 3-D maps of the area to be reforested. The number of drones will vary depending up on the size of the seeding.

2 Create a seeding plan. Once all that terrain data has been analyzed, it then generates a seeding pattern that best suits the terrain.

3 Load the seed pods. The drones, which are equipped with guidance and control software, carry pressurized canisters of seed pods with germinated seeds immersed in a nutrient-rich gel.

4 Hover and plant. Flying at a height of 1 or 2 meters, the drones follow the planting patterns, firing the biodegradable seed pods down to the ground. The pods break open upon impact, allowing the germinated seed a chance to take root.

5 Monitor growth. After planting, the drones do low-level flights to assess the health of the sprouts and saplings.

Such “precision forestry,” as BioCarbon calls it, is extremely efficient. A farmer might hand plant as many as 3,000 seeds a day; Fletcher says his drones can drop up to 36,000 seed pods daily, often in areas where a human can’t reach. Working with local ecologists, BioCarbon will use the drones to spread a variety of tree species, as well as microorganisms and fungi designed to improve the soil quality. “The central focus is ecosystem restoration,” Fletcher says.

On a planetary climatological scale, Morton notes that “tropical deforestation plays a big role in global climate cycles,” claiming the accelerated pace of cutting and burning of forests accounted for 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the 1990s. Fletcher and his team want to help reverse that trend. “By planting at the scale we’re looking at,” he says, “we can make a real longterm impact. We hope to do a lot of good in the world.”

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/brandlab/2015/07/re-planting-forest-one-drone-time/. Access on 22/8/2017)

According to the text, the drones can:

✂️ a) Plant more than 40.000 seeds a day
✂️ b) Assess the health of sprouts and saplings.
✂️ c) Prevent deforestation in South Africa and Amazonian jungles.
✂️ d) Plant seeds that farmers cannot.
✂️ e) Improve the quality of seeds.

291Q1025026 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Inglês, FURB SC, FURB, 2024

Read the following statements about necessary abilities to be developed by students of English as an additional/foreign language. Choose the correct one:

✂️ a) Developing listening skills involves exposing learners to a variety of accents and speech rates to enhance their ability to comprehend spoken English exclusively in contexts of native speakers.
✂️ b) Encouraging speaking practice in authentic communicative tasks fosters fluency and confidence, emphasizing the importance of providing opportunities for learners to engage in meaningful conversations.
✂️ c) Teaching vocabulary effectively involves only presenting new words rather than providing opportunities for meaningful practice and reinforcement through activities such as context-based exercises, word games, and regular review sessions to promote retention and application in various language contexts.
✂️ d) Emphasizing the process of writing, including pre-writing activities, drafting, revising, and editing, cultivates learners' ability to express limited ideas coherently and effectively, underscoring the importance of providing constructive feedback and modeling writing strategies.
✂️ e) Facilitating extensive reading experiences with texts at appropriate difficulty levels promotes vocabulary restriction, comprehension, and critical thinking skills, highlighting the significance of exposing learners to a wide range of genres and topics.

292Q1025028 | Inglês, Orações Condicionais Conditional Clauses, Inglês, FURB SC, FURB, 2024

Associate the second column according to the first, which relates grammatical structures with examples of them:
First column: grammatical structures (1) Third Conditional. (2) Present Perfect. (3) Past Simple.
Second column: examples of the structures (__) He meticulously cataloged every detail of his journey in his journal.
(__) They have encountered myriad challenges during their entrepreneurial journey.
(__) If she had invested wisely, she would be luxuriously lounging on her private yacht by now.
Mark the option that presents the correct association between the columns:

✂️ a) 1 − 2 − 3.
✂️ b) 2 − 3 − 1.
✂️ c) 3 − 2 − 1.
✂️ d) 3 − 1 − 2.
✂️ e) 1 − 3 − 2.

295Q1022760 | Inglês, Números Numbers, Inglês, Prefeitura de Guabiruba SC, FURB, 2024

Texto associado.

NO KID-DING Why you should never let your kids take a bag on the plane − even if it's free

(§ 1) A TRAVEL expert has revealed you should never let your kids bring a bag on the plane if you want a stress-free journey.

(§ 2) Experienced flyer, Vanessa Grant recommends parents don't let their kids take a bag with them after sharing her recent experience of travelling with her kids - aged 8 and 11.

(§ 3) "Smart packing is what really saved us," she said.

(§ 4) Vanessa did two long-haul flights with her family from Canada to Indonesia which went smoothly because the kids didn't have bags, she claims.

(§ 5) It is important to "instil a sense of responsibility" in kids however, it is not worth the stress of tracking down a lost backpack __ a busy international airport, according to the travel expert.

(§ 6) Vanessa explained: "The stakes are just too high and even replacing a charging cord can be pricey at a duty-free shop, let alone a whole backpack's worth of stuff."

(§ 7) It is also important to bring the right type of carry-on when travelling with your family, to make your life a lot easier.

(§ 8) A small rolling suitcase is perfect for long-haul flights and "is like the clown car of carry-ons".

(§ 9) Vanessa added: "It fits a change of clothes for three of us, plus toiletries and some snacks."

(§ 10) Instead of storing your carry-on in the overhead bins you should put it __ the seat of your shortest child so they'll be able to rest their feet on it, Vanessa recommends.

(§ 11) This clever hack will stop your child from complaining as it is "uncomfortable to have your legs hanging for hours".

(§ 12) Packing a change of clothes for everyone will ensure you have a smoother journey, according to the experienced flyer.

(§ 13) "Spills and vomiting can happen to anyone," she said.

(§ 14) Vanessa added: "One of my kids lost multiple socks __ the plane and in the hotel.

(§ 15) "Luckily most airlines give passengers a little package including a toothbrush and toothpaste, ear plugs, an eye mask and socks so we had a few extra pairs."

(§ 16) Bringing snacks for your kids can end up saving a lot of money as they likely won't eat all the food offered by airlines, "unless your child is a unicorn".

(§ 17) Vanessa also recommends bringing an empty water bottle you can fill up before getting on the plane.

(§ 18) Most kids on flights are thrilled to get "hours of uninterrupted screen time, both on their tablets and thescreens on the back of seats in front of them".

(§ 19) However, screens even for kids can get old quickly.

(§ 20) Parents should bring alternative activities for their children.

(§ 21) Vanessa brought a book, notepad and pens which kept them entertained throughout the flight.

(§ 22) Forgetting either your charger or headphones can spoil the whole journey, the travel expert claims.

(§ 23) Parents will need the chargers to make sure their children can stay entertained on the screens.

(§ 24) "We brought headphones for everyone," Vanessa said.

(§ 25) She added: "No one—including you—wants to hear the sound effects from your kid's favourite video game for hours on end."

https://www.thesun.co.uk/travel/26306770/never-let-your-kidstake-a-bag-on-plane/ (adaptado)

Choose the option that presents a passage from the text where a numeral article is used:

✂️ a) "Most kids on flights are thrilled to get 'hours of uninterrupted screen time" (§ 18).
✂️ b) "Vanessa brought a book, notepad, and pens which kept them entertained throughout the flight" (§ 21).
✂️ c) "It fits a change of clothes for three of us, plus toiletries and some snacks" (§ 9).
✂️ d) "Spills and vomiting can happen to anyone," she said (§ 13 )
✂️ e) "A small rolling suitcase is perfect for long-haul flights and 'is like the clown car of carry-ons'" (§ 8).

297Q1022762 | Inglês, Discurso Direto e Indireto Reported Speech, Inglês, Prefeitura de Guabiruba SC, FURB, 2024