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302Q1022258 | Inglês, Palavras Conectivas Connective Words, Inglês, Prefeitura de Calumbi PE, IGEDUC, 2025

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India's luxury airline Vistara flies into the sunset

Indian full-service carrier Vistara will operate its last flight on Monday, after nine years in existence.

A joint venture between Singapore Airlines and the Tata Sons, Vistara will merge with Tata-owned Air India to form a single entity with an expanded network and broader fleet.

This means that all Vistara operations will be transferred to and managed by Air India, including helpdesk kiosks and ticketing offices. The process of migrating passengers with existing Vistara bookings and loyalty programmes to Air India has been under way over thepast few months.

"As part of the merger process, meals, service ware and other soft elements have been upgraded and incorporates aspects of both Vistara and Air India," an Air India spokesperson said in an email response.

Amid concerns that the merger could impact service standards, the Tatas have assured that Vistara's in-flight experience will remain unchanged.

Known for its high ratings in food, service, and cabin quality, Vistara has built a loyal customer base and the decision to retire the Vistara brand has been criticised by fans, branding experts, and aviation analysts.

The consolidation was effectively done to clean up Vistara's books and wipe out its losses, said Mark Martin, an aviation analyst.

Air India has essentially been "suckered into taking a loss-making airline" in a desperate move, he added.

"Mergers are meant to make airlines powerful. Never to wipe out losses or cover them."

To be sure, both Air India and Vistara's annual losses have reduced by more than half over the past year, and other operating metrics have improved too. But the merger process so far has been turbulent.

The exercise has been riddled with problems − from pilot shortages that have led to massive flight cancellations, to Vistara crew going on mass sick leave over plans to align their salary structures with Air India.

There have also been repeated complaints about poor service standards on Air India, including viral videos of broken seats and non-functioning inflight entertainment systems.

The Tatas have announced a $400m (£308m) programme to upgrade and retrofit the interiors of its older aircraft and also a brand-new livery. They've also placed orders for hundreds of new Airbus and Boeing planes worth billions of dollars to augment their offering.

But this "turnaround" is still incomplete and riddled with problems, according to Mr Martin. A merger only complicates matters.

Experts say that the merger strikes a dissonant chord from a branding perspective too.

Harish Bijoor, a brand strategy specialist, told the BBC he was feeling "emotional" that a superior product offering like Vistara which had developed a "gold standard for Indian aviation" was ceasing operations.

"It is a big loss for the industry," said Mr Bijoor, adding it will be a monumental task for the mother brand Air India to simply "copy, paste and exceed" the high standards set by Vistara, given that it's a much smaller airline that's being gobbled up by a much larger one.

Mr Bijoor suggests a better strategy would have been to operate Air India separately for five years, focusing on improving service standards, while maintaining Vistara as a distinct brand with Air India prefixed to it.

"This would have given Air India the time and chance to rectify the mother brand and bring it up to the Vistara level, while maintaining its uniqueness," he adds.

Beyond branding, the merged entity will face a slew of operational challenges.

"Communication will be a major challenge in the early days, with customers arriving at the airport expecting Vistara flights, only to find Air India branding," says Ajay Awtaney, editor of Live From A Lounge, an aviation portal. "Air India will need to maintain clear communication for weeks."

Another key challenge, he notes, is cultural: Vistara's agile employees may struggle to adjust to Air India's complex bureaucracy and systems.

But the biggest task for the merged carrier would be offering customers a uniform flying experience.

These are "two airlines with very different service formats are being integrated into one airline. It is going to be a hotchpotch of service formats, cabin formats, branding, and customer experience. It will involve learning and unlearning, and such a process has rarely worked with airlines and is seldom effective," said Mr Martin.

Still, many believe Vistara had to go − now or some years later.

A legacy brand like Air India, with strong global recognition and 'India' imprinted in its identity, wouldn't have allowed a smaller, more premium subsidiary to overshadow its revival process.

Financially too, it makes little sense for the Tatas to have two loss-making entities compete with one another.

The combined strength of Vistara and Air India could also place the Tatas in a much better position to compete with market leader Indigo.

The unified Air India group (including Air India Express, which completed its merger with the former Air Asia India in October) "will be bigger and better with a fleet size of nearly 300 aircraft, an expanded network and a stronger workforce", an Air India spokesperson said.

"Getting done with the merger means that Air India grows overnight, and the two teams start cooperating instead of competing. There will never be one right day to merge. Somewhere, a line had to be drawn," said Mr Awtaney.

But for many Vistara loyalists, its demise leaves a void in India's skies for a premium, full-service carrier - marking the third such gap after the collapse of Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways.

It's still too early to say if Air India, which often ranks at the bottom of airline surveys, can successfully fill that void.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5ygp1w5eq7o

The phrase "as a result" would most logically be used to introduce which of the following statements in the context of the article?

✂️ a) Air India's attempts to reach Vistara's standards have proven challenging.
✂️ b) Both Vistara's and Air India's operational costs were reduced over the past year.
✂️ c) The Tatas must communicate brand changes to avoid customer confusion.
✂️ d) The merger allows Air India to grow rapidly and expand its resources overnight.

304Q947052 | Biologia, Problemas ambientais e medidas de conservação, Inglês, UEG, UEG, 2019

A Estratégia Global para a Conservação das Plantas (GSPC) foi estabelecida pela Conferência das Partes em 2002 e estabeleceu uma série de tarefas aos diferentes países. Para cumprimento desta estratégia, o Brasil se comprometeu em preparar a Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil (2008-2015) e a Flora do Brasil 2020 no desenvolvimento do programa Reflora, visto que nosso país possui mais de 46 mil espécies de plantas, algas e fungos, representando um dos países com maior biodiversidade no planeta, sendo um participante chave na GSPC. Dentre as diferentes importâncias da publicação da Flora do Brasil em 2020 destaca-se:

✂️ a) assegurar um conhecimento exclusivo de determinados táxons, para que os mesmos possam ser conservados de forma parcial e utilizados de maneira integral e sustentável no monitoramento das metas.
✂️ b) diminuir a perda da diversidade fúngica e a manutenção de determinadas espécies endêmicas em ecossistemas terrestres e aquáticos em isolamento geográfico e contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável aplicado.
✂️ c) aumentar o controle de fragmentação de habitats e estratégias de monitoramento nos corredores ecológicos, reduzindo a crise da biodiversidade na contribuição do controle das espécies em fase de extinção.
✂️ d) apresentar informações sistematizadas à ciência pura e/ou aplicada e à sociedade sobre a diversidade vegetal brasileira, guiando trabalhos de campo, apoiando e priorizando ações de conservação e facilitando o monitoramento das metas de 2020.
✂️ e) reduzir o número de espécies introduzidas nos biomas brasileiros e possibilitar cruzamentos de espécies híbridas para manutenção do isolamento sexual e geográfico como estratégia de sustentabilidade ambiental e social.

306Q949135 | Matemática, Problemas, Inglês, PUC RS, PUC RS

O lixo produzido nas residências de todo o Brasil é recolhido diariamente e transportado para diferentes destinos. Na cidade de Porto Alegre, o lixo orgânico é acomodado em caminhões que levam resíduos com uma densidade média de 250 kg/m3 até o município de Minas do Leão, a aproximadamente 100 km da capital do RS. Em Minas do Leão, há um aterro sanitário e uma central de tratamento de resíduos, com capacidade estimada para receber 23 milhões de toneladas de resíduos e com operação prevista para os próximos vinte e três anos.

Com base nessas informações, se o lixo orgânico produzido pelo município de Porto Alegre fosse acomodado nos caminhões com uma densidade _________ do que a atual, a massa de resíduos transportada por viagem iria _________, e o custo por tonelada transportada iria _________.

✂️ a) menor – aumentar – aumentar
✂️ b) maior – aumentar – diminuir
✂️ c) maior – diminuir – aumentar
✂️ d) menor – diminuir – diminuir

308Q944049 | Inglês, Inglês, UECE, UECE CEV, 2020

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Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

The United States is using more

plastic than ever, and waste exported for

recycling is often mishandled, according

to a new study.

The United States contribution

to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is

significantly larger than previously

thought, possibly by as much as five

times, according to a study published

Friday. The research, published in Science

Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper

by the same authors. Two factors

contributed to the sharp increase:

Americans are using more plastic than

ever and the current study included

pollution generated by United States

exports of plastic waste, while the earlier

one did not.

The United States, which does

not have sufficient infrastructure to

handle its recycling demands at home,

exports about half of its recyclable waste.

Of the total exported, about 88 percent

ends up in countries considered to have

inadequate waste management.

“When you consider how much

of our plastic waste isn’t actually

recyclable because it is low-value,

contaminated or difficult to process, it’s

not surprising that a lot of it ends up

polluting the environment,” said the

study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,

research professor of oceanography at

Sea Education Association, in a

statement.

The study estimates that in

2016, the United States contributed

between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of

plastic waste to the oceans through a

combination of littering, dumping and

mismanaged exports. At a minimum,

that’s almost double the total estimated

waste in the team’s previous study. At the

high end, it would be a fivefold increase

over the earlier estimate.

Nicholas Mallos, a senior

director at the Ocean Conservancy and an

author of the study, said the upper

estimate would be equal to a pile of

plastic covering the area of the White

House Lawn and reaching as high as the

Empire State Building.

The ranges are wide partly

because “there’s no real standard for

being able to provide good quality data on

collection and disposal of waste in

general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource

economist at DSM Environmental

Solutions, a consulting firm, and an

author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the

researchers had evaluated waste-disposal

practices in countries around the world

and used their “best professional

judgment” to determine the lowest and

highest amounts of plastic waste likely to

escape into the environment. They settled

on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.

Tony Walker, an associate

professor at the Dalhousie University

School for Resource and Environmental

Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that

analyzing waste data can amount to a

“data minefield” because there are no

data standards across municipalities.

Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped

overseas, he said, data is often not

recorded at all.

Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who

was not involved in the study, said it

could offer a more accurate accounting of

plastic pollution than the previous study,

which likely underestimated the United

States’ contribution. “They’ve put their

best estimate, as accurate as they can be

with this data,” he said, and used ranges,

which underscores that the figures are

estimates.

Of the plastics that go into the

United States recycling system, about 9

percent of the country’s total plastic

waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll

be remade into new consumer goods. New

plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture

that only certain expensive, high-grade

plastics are profitable to recycle within the

United States, which is why roughly half

of the country’s plastic waste was shipped

abroad in 2016, the most recent year for

which data is available.

Since 2016, however, the

recycling landscape has changed. China

and many countries in Southeast Asia

have stopped accepting plastic waste

imports. And lower oil prices have further

reduced the market for recycled plastic.

“What the new study really underscores is

we have to get a handle on source

reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That

starts with eliminating unnecessary and

problematic single-use plastics.”

From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/

One of the factors that contributes to the huge amount of plastic waste is the fact that

✂️ a) waste-disposal practices only occur in a few countries.
✂️ b) scientists do not use a good professional judgement.
✂️ c) it easily escapes into the environment.
✂️ d) it is not really recyclable.

310Q1023941 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Nova Bréscia RS, OBJETIVA, 2023

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How were the first 'voice mails' sent? In envelopes

“Hello Mother, Dad, and Blanche,” a quiet voice says above the cracks and pops of an old vinyl record, which has clearly been played many times over. “How’s everything at home? I’m recording this from Dallas…from this very little place where there are pinball machines and many other things like that…”

The disc is small, seven inches across, dated ___________ 1954. The faded green label shows that the speaker’s name is “Gene,” the recording addressed to “Folks.” Gene suggests in his minute-long message that he is traveling—“seeing America”—and tells his family not to worry about him.

“I should complete my trip sometime around Thanksgiving. I hope you received my letter and I, in turn, hope to receive some of the letters that you sent me.”

This largely forgotten sound is one of the world’s early “voice mails.” During the first half of the 20th century, these audio letters and other messages were recorded largely in booths, pressed onto metal discs and vinyl records, and mailed in places all over the world. Best known today for playing music at home, record players were then being used as a means of _____________ over long distances.

The idea of transporting a person’s voice had _________ large in the human imagination for some three centuries before it was finally achieved with the invention of the phonograph in the late 19th century. Historical documents from the Qing Dynasty in 16th-century China suggest the existence of a mysterious device called the “thousand-mile speaker,” a wooden cylinder that could be spoken into and sealed, such that the recipient could still hear the reverberations when opening it back up.

(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)

According to the text, mark the CORRECT alternative:

✂️ a) During the first half of the 20th century, audio letters and other messages were largely recorded in booths.
✂️ b) Historical documents from the Qing Dynasty in 16th-century China suggest the existence of booths to record voice mails.
✂️ c) The idea of transporting a person’s voice is a 21st century phenomenon.
✂️ d) Vinyl was never used for message recording.

313Q949485 | Inglês, Inglês, UNICENTRO, UNICENTRO

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View from the Rio favelas: 'We're often scared to leave the house in case we're hit by a stray bullet'

A year has gone by since the Olympic Games. Only 147 of those 365 days ended without the residents of Complexo do Alemão hearing gunshots. After the promises of hope and the Games’ legacy of peace, 218 days were accompanied by a soundtrack of gunfire.

On 218 days we were afraid we wouldn’t make it home alive; we were scared to leave the house in case we were hit by a stray bullet; on 218 days we were afraid that the walls of our homes might be hit. To pretend that we were not in a war zone, the military police painted their armoured military tanks – popularly called caveirão, or “big skull” – white.

For a long time I’ve wondered about the reason for the conflict and danger in the favelas of Rio, the same places that hold so much shared affection, culture, art and memory.

Since the Olympics, residents of the Complexo do Alemão have been afraid of organising a cultural event in the neighbourhood square, or of people gathering outside because an intense shootout might happen without prior notice, with no chance to find protection. It has been 218 days of fear.

All eyes – and investments – were turned to Brazil when it hosted, over 10 years, three mega sporting events. But the country has failed to keep its promises of peace after the 2007 Pan-American Games, the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games.

Before the Olympics, the state was completely absent in the favela. Back then we had no cable car – now we do, but it doesn’t work. We did not have family clinics – now we do, but without medical care. There were no police – now there are, and we live with daily shootings. What have the poorest received as a result of the Games? On television, I see only news of corruption.

Brazil is at war, some say. A war on the poor, justified by drugs. A war that justifies, for many (but not for me) the presence of the Brazilian army in the streets of the city. The beauty of Rio’s natural landscapes contrasts with the conflict of our daily lives, militarised by the government.

We need to talk about the relationship between violence and drugs. Young people from different favelas are now coming together to think about strategies that we hope can feed into public policies on drugs in Brazil. The #Movimentos movement – which runs discussions and seminars for young people – was created because it isn’t possible to deal with the drugs issue without the input of those who live with the consequences of failed policies.

As other countries move towards resolving the issue in a serious way, investing in research and prevention mechanisms in public health services, Brazil invests in more weapons and repression that result in an increase of death and incarceration – particularly among people who are poor, black, young and living in favelas.

But despite all the fear, all the chaos, we continue to conquer the world, occupying the spaces that we have been historically denied. The Coletivo Papo Reto (Straight Talk Collective) has created a calendar that celebrates the good news and achievements of the people who live in Complexo do Alemão. Many people may not understand what it is that motivates us in the midst of this chaos and fear. I don’t know either – but I feel that I must keep going.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/aug/19/rio-voices-view-from-the-favelas-olympics-they-

promised-a-legacy-of-peace-but-brazil-is-now-at-war. Access on 22/8/2017)

The author talks about the favelas before and after the Olympics. Regarding this, it is correct to say that

✂️ a) The Olympics have brought improvements such as cable cars and family clinics, which are currently functional.
✂️ b) The Olympics have brought some improvements, many of which are not currently benefiting the population.
✂️ c) The state is now in full control of the favelas, and as a result, violence has ceased.
✂️ d) Corruption has only increased after the Olympics
✂️ e) The absence of the state from the favelas was the sole reason for its poverty.

314Q949491 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Inglês, UNICENTRO, UNICENTRO

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Re-Planting a Forest, One Drone at a Time

That funny little buzz you hear in the forest may not just be the hum of summer insects. In the near future it could be a small fleet of drones, coming to replant and restore forests that have been stripped of trees by industrial-scale deforestation. It’s all part of an ambitious plan by BioCarbon Engineering, a U.K.-based startup on a global mission to battle widespread clear-cutting, which strips more than 26 billion trees off the planet each year. CEO Lauren Fletcher, who spent 20 years as an engineer with NASA, says the only way to fight industrial-scale deforestation is with industrial-scale reforestation. Their idea: plant 1 billion trees a year. The first targets are in South Africa and the Amazonian jungles, both of which have suffered from widespread forest eradication.

BioCarbon’s reforestation scheme is simple and efficient. Here’s a quick look at how it plans to deploy its drone fleet:

1 Do a 3-D aerial survey. First, drones are sent to fly over a potential planting zone, snapping photos that create 3-D maps of the area to be reforested. The number of drones will vary depending up on the size of the seeding.

2 Create a seeding plan. Once all that terrain data has been analyzed, it then generates a seeding pattern that best suits the terrain.

3 Load the seed pods. The drones, which are equipped with guidance and control software, carry pressurized canisters of seed pods with germinated seeds immersed in a nutrient-rich gel.

4 Hover and plant. Flying at a height of 1 or 2 meters, the drones follow the planting patterns, firing the biodegradable seed pods down to the ground. The pods break open upon impact, allowing the germinated seed a chance to take root.

5 Monitor growth. After planting, the drones do low-level flights to assess the health of the sprouts and saplings.

Such “precision forestry,” as BioCarbon calls it, is extremely efficient. A farmer might hand plant as many as 3,000 seeds a day; Fletcher says his drones can drop up to 36,000 seed pods daily, often in areas where a human can’t reach. Working with local ecologists, BioCarbon will use the drones to spread a variety of tree species, as well as microorganisms and fungi designed to improve the soil quality. “The central focus is ecosystem restoration,” Fletcher says.

On a planetary climatological scale, Morton notes that “tropical deforestation plays a big role in global climate cycles,” claiming the accelerated pace of cutting and burning of forests accounted for 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the 1990s. Fletcher and his team want to help reverse that trend. “By planting at the scale we’re looking at,” he says, “we can make a real longterm impact. We hope to do a lot of good in the world.”

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/brandlab/2015/07/re-planting-forest-one-drone-time/. Access on 22/8/2017)

The word widespread is closest in meaning to

✂️ a) Recent.
✂️ b) Complete.
✂️ c) Long-term.
✂️ d) Extensive.
✂️ e) Systematic .

317Q1022256 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Calumbi PE, IGEDUC, 2025