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251Q948849 | Biologia, Evolução biológica, Língua Inglesa, UEG, UEG, 2017

No dia 13 setembro de 2017, fez 30 anos do acidente radiológico Césio -137, em Goiânia – GO. Sabe-se que a meia-vida desse isótopo radioativo é de aproximadamente 30 anos. Então, em 2077, a massa que restará, em relação à massa inicial da época do acidente, será
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

252Q906370 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Macaé RJ, FGV, 2024

Texto associado.
TEXT I


What is the definition of translanguaging?



For years, research into the best instructional approaches for students identified as English learners has pointed to the concept of translanguaging.


Identified by bilingual education researcher Ofelia García, it’s both a skill set and a total shift in the way language is thought of, used, and taught in K-12 classrooms where multiple languages are honored and addressed, even as English remains the dominant language of instruction, said Marybelle Marrero-Colon, the associate director of professional development for the Center for Applied Linguistics.


Researchers are looking into how it can be applied to formal assessments, such as state standardized tests on which English learners might struggle to demonstrate their academic proficiency because they are tested in an unfamiliar language.


Translanguaging is the ability to move fluidly between languages and a pedagogical approach to teaching in which teachers support this ability.


In translanguaging, students are able to think in multiple languages simultaneously and use their home language as a vehicle to learn academic English.


A student could be reading an article about the solar system in English, but in their brain, they are also thinking and making connections in Spanish. They might annotate in Spanish or first write down reading comprehension responses in Spanish and then figure out how to provide the responses in English, said MarreroColon. […]


Teachers can engage in a variety of activities that deliberately encourage translanguaging, ranging from providing vocabulary in multiple languages to collaborative translation opportunities. The goal is to get students translanguaging as a practice that can be leveraged toward supporting literacy outcomes and engagement, as well as other academic endeavors.

For example, two students could be assigned to solve a word problem, and one might be stuck on a word in English. The two students can then use an equivalent word in their home language to make sense of what the word problem is asking of them, Phillips Galloway said.


Or in group activities, students can be prompted to share with the rest of the class how something taught in English would make sense in Spanish by highlighting similar and different grammatical structures between the two languages, Marrero-Colon said.


“When you translate, you don’t have to do it word for word. You’re really trying to capture the feeling of that text,” MarreroColon said.


Once teachers start doing these activities, research has found that students who have not spoken before start speaking and students who were not as engaged in text-comprehension activities suddenly are, she added. That's occurring because they are being encouraged to use their home language in class to think about language use overall.


Adapted from https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/what-is-translanguagingand-how-is-it-used-in-the-classroom/2023/07
The word “once” in “Once teachers start doing these activities” (last paragraph) is used in the same way as in:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

253Q1022600 | Inglês, Vocabulário Vocabulary, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Paraty RJ, Avança SP, 2024

Texto associado.

“There is a kind of sleep that steals upon us sometimes, which, while it holds the body prisoner, does not free the mind from a sense of things about it, and enable it to ramble at its pleasure. So far as an overpowering heaviness, a prostration of strength, and an utter inability to control our thoughts or power of motion, can be called sleep, this is it; and yet we have a consciousness of all that is going on about us; and if we dream at such a time, words which are really spoken, or sounds which really exist at the moment, accommodate themselves with surprising readiness to our visions, until reality and imagination become so strangely blended that it is afterwards almost a matter of impossibility to separate the two. Nor is this, the most striking phenomenon, incidental to such a state. It is an undoubted fact, that although our senses of touch and sight be for the time dead, yet our sleeping thoughts, and the visionary scenes that pass before us, will be influenced, and materially influenced, by the mere silent presence of some external object: which may not have been near us when we closed our eyes: and of whose vicinity we have had no waking consciousness. ”

— Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist

The word "prostration" in the sentence "an overpowering heaviness, a prostration of strength" means:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

254Q1024724 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Língua Inglesa, SEE PB, IDECAN, 2025

Mark the correct classifications, in order, of the modal verbs in these sentences:
I - He could run fast when he was younger; II - She may know the answer; III - May I borrow your book?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

255Q1023718 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Anajás PA, Instituto Ágata, 2024

Texto associado.
Failed policies and false promises bedevil multilingualism in South Africa

Twenty-seven years after democracy, English retains its hegemony as the language of influence, means, and access in all spheres of life – despite progressive language policies and government promises to foster all eleven official languages. “We are a multilingual country with monolingual practices,” said University of Cape Town (UCT) Vice-Chancellor Professor Mamokgethi Phakeng in a public lecture, delivered as Bristol Illustrious Visiting Professor (BIVP). [...] In 1997 South Africa announced a new Language in Education policy for schools, recognising eleven official languages and encouraging multilingualism. Within this policy, learners must choose the preferred language of learning on admission to a school. Where the language they choose is not available, parents can apply to the provincial education department to provide instruction. Most choose English – probably through their parents’ influence, as it holds the key to opportunities, said Phakeng.
In 2020 the Department of Higher Education and Training published a language policy framework for public higher education institutions. These policies are intended to develop and strengthen indigenous languages as languages of scholarship, teaching and learning, and communication in South African universities, said Phakeng. The policy framework is also meant to highlight the role of higher education in creating and promoting conditions for the development of historically marginalized official South African languages of the Khoi, Nama, and San people, as well as sign language [...].
History has shown that despite their lofty intentions, both policies have failed to redress the situation. English still dominates in almost every facet of public life. The reasons are many and complex, said Phakeng [...].
“For example, you can be fluent in six of the country’s eleven official languages but denied an opportunity to join the military, because your matric English mark was 45%. It doesn’t matter that you scored 78% for your home language, Xhosa.” [...] Research suggests that schools are not opting to use indigenous African languages as languages of learning and teaching, in both policy and practice. Those in power should have known better, Phakeng said.
“Mother-tongue instruction has a bad image among speakers of African languages. It is associated with apartheid, and hence inferior education – parents’ memories of Bantu education, combined with our perception of English as a gateway to better education, and making most black parents favor English from the beginning.”
English is also a prerequisite for anyone aspiring to become a professional in South Africa. [...]
(Adapted from: https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2022-03-10-failed-policies-false-promises-bedevil-multilingualism-in-sa)
Mark the alternative that explains the use of the underlined words with -ing in the utterance: “The policy framework is also meant to highlight the role of higher education in creating and promoting conditions for the development of historically marginalized official South African languages of the Khoi, Nama, and San people, as well as sign language [...]”.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

256Q1024499 | Inglês, Formação de Palavras com Prefixos e Sufixos, Língua Inglesa, UFF, COSEAC, 2025

Texto associado.
The Epic of Gilgamesh, from ancient Mesopotamia, is often cited as the first great literary composition, although some shorter compositions have survived [….].
The word “shorter” contains the suffix “er”, which performs the same semantic function as in the underlined word:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

259Q1021978 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Cupira PE, IGEDUC, 2024

Regarding Instrumental English, judge the following item.

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is focused on teaching grammar and linguistic structure, without emphasis on the practical needs of students in specific fields such as business or science.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

260Q908882 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Taquaruçu do Sul RS, FUNDATEC, 2024

Texto associado.

Village’s Amateur Archaeologists Find Lost Tudor Palace


  1. When a group of amateur archaeologists set out to find the buried remains of a Tudor palace
  2. in their Northamptonshire village five years ago, they knew the odds were against them. “Many
  3. of us were brought up in the village, and you hear about this lost palace, and wonder whether
  4. it’s a myth or real. So we just wanted to find it”, said Chris Close, the chair of the Collyweston
  5. Historical and Preservation Society (Chaps) which made the discovery of the Palace of
  6. Collyweston in a back garden this year. “But we’re a bunch of amateurs. We had no money, no
  7. expertise, no plans, no artist impressions to go off, and nothing remaining of the palace. It was
  8. naivety and just hard work that has led us to it”.
  9. The site was found using geophysical surveys and ground-penetrating radar. Various
  10. attempts had been made in the 1980s and 90s to find Collyweston Palace, the home of Henry
  11. VII’s mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort. However, without the advantage of modern technology,
  12. none had succeeded. The palace was famous during the 15th century and several historic events
  13. took place there. The pre-wedding celebrations of Margaret Tudor to James IV of Scotland in
  14. 1503 took place in the palace, and Henry VIII is recorded as holding court there on 16 and 17
  15. October 1541. By the mid-17th century, it had fallen into disrepair, and until the Chaps dig
  16. uncovered the palace walls in March, there was very little remaining evidence of its existence.
  17. “A number of things have only really come to light as we’ve done this project”, said Close.
  18. “As you do more and more research, and various different records start to become unearthed,
  19. we realized Collyweston had privy councils being run from here, which is of massive national
  20. importance”. Historians from the University of York helped verify the group’s findings and identify
  21. the palace through some uncovered stone moldings, and will work with Chaps on more
  22. excavations to further reveal the structure and conserve it for the future.
  23. The Chaps team, which comprises more than 80 members ranging from teenagers to people
  24. in their 70s and 80s, first set out their plan to find the palace in March 2018, using “local folktales
  25. and hearsay” to help refine their search area. They carried out geophysical surveys and used
  26. ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to help reveal the location of the palace walls, before securing
  27. permission from homeowners to excavate in gardens. “We’ve done it all on an absolute
  28. shoestring”, said Close. “We’ve basically done an £80,000-£90,000 project for roughly £13,000.
  29. For us, being a little society, to have achieved this with no money, or expertise, or plans, I think
  30. it’s something that the whole society should be proud of”.

(Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/dec/06/tudor-collyweston-palace-northamptonshire-found-in-garden-by-amateur-archeologists - text especially adapted for this test).

In the context presented in the text, the highlighted word “naivety” (l. 08) works as a/an:

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

261Q903021 | Inglês, Advérbios e conjunções Adverbs and conjunctions, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Ubajara CE, CETREDE, 2024

Read the following dialogue.

Caio: Have you seen Joana lately?

Ramon: I hadn’t, but I heard she borrowed some money from the bank.

Caio: But what about her inheritance?

Ramon: Word has it she frittered all away.

Caio: That’s crazy!

Ramon: Yeah, I know.

Based on this dialogue, analyze the assertions below.


I. In “she frittered all away”, Ramon intends to say that Joana squandered all her inheritance.

II. Ramon correctly uses auxiliary verbs in his first and last lines.

III. “Lately” is a time adverb in Caio’s fist line.


The CORRECT assertion(s) is(are):

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

263Q903026 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Ubajara CE, CETREDE, 2024

As regards the words in bold type, put number 01 if their use is CORRECT or number 02 if INCORRECT.

( ) I do everything while listening to music.

( ) Julia has been married with Gregory since 2009.

( ) She’s usually busy at 11 o’clock.

( ) Knife is the usefulest tool.

( ) Do you think today is colder than yesterday?

In the order presented, the CORRECT sequence is:

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

265Q1022955 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, UFF, COSEAC, 2025

Texto associado.
Text 4


What Was the First Book Ever Written?
By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Epic of Gilgamesh, from ancient Mesopotamia, is often cited as the first great literary composition, although some shorter have survived that are even earlier (notably the “Kesh Temple Hymn” and “The Instructions of Shuruppak”). Apart from its length, the Epic of Gilgamesh may be considered the earliest significant composition because of its enduring impact on literature through the ages. It is believed to have influenced other ancient literary works, including the Iliad, the Odyssey, Alexander romance literature, and the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), all of which continue to have significant literary impact in their own right.


Available at: https://www.britannica.com/story/what-was-the-first-book-ever-written# Access at: 02 dec. 2024. Adapted.
According to text 4, Mesopotamia was the place where:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

266Q1045047 | Pedagogia, Avaliação Educacional, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Cariacica ES, INSTITUTO AOCP, 2020

A avaliação mediadora passa por quais princípios?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

267Q1023042 | Inglês, Preposições Prepositions, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Nova Venécia ES, IDESG, 2024

As regards prepositions, analyze the sentences below.

I. Patrick has to dress ina black suit for work.
II. Listen to me! Too much sugar isn’t good at your health.
III. I can’t believe you’re responsible for all this mess.
IV. I go for a walk on Mondays and Thursdays.

The sentences in which the prepositions in italics are grammatically correct are:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

268Q946504 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, UECE, UECE CEV, 2019

Texto associado.

T E X T


I Used to Fear Being a Nobody. Then I Left

Social Media.


By Bianca Brooks


“What’s happening?”

I stare blankly at the little box as I try to think of something clever for my first tweet. I settle on what’s at the top of my mind: “My only #fear is being a nobody.” How could I know this exchange would begin a dialogue that would continue nearly every day for the next nine years of my life?

I began using Twitter in 2010 as a newly minted high school freshman. Though it began as a hub for my quirky adolescent thoughts, over the years it became an archive of my emotional and intellectual voice — a kind of virtual display for the evolution of my politics and artistic identity. Butafter nine years, it was time to close the archive. My wanting to share my every waking thought became eclipsed by a desire for an increasingly rare commodity — a private life.

Though I thought disappearing from social media would be as simple as logging off, my refusal to post anything caused a bit of a stir among my small but loyal following. I began to receive emails from strangers asking me where I had gone and when I would return. One message read: “Not to be over familiar, but you have to come back eventually. You’re a writer after all. How will we read your writing?” Another follower inquired, “Where will you go?”

The truth is I have not gone anywhere. I am, in fact, more present than ever

Over time, I have begun to sense these messages reveal more than a lack of respect for privacy. I realize that to many millennials, a life without a social media presence is not simply a private life; it is no life at all: We possess a widespread, genuine fear of obscurity.

When I consider the near-decade I have spent on social media, this worry makes sense. As with many in my generation, Twitter was my entry into conversations happening on a global scale; long before my byline graced any publication, tweeting was how I felt a part of the world. Twitter functions much like an echo chamber dependent on likes and retweets, and gaining notoriety is as easy as finding someone to agree with you. For years I poured my opinions, musings and outrage onto my timeline, believing I held an indispensable place in a vital sociopolitical experiment.

But these passionate, public observations were born of more than just a desire to speak my mind — I was measuring my individual worth in constant visibility. Implicit in my follower’s question “Where will you go?” is the resounding question “How will we know where you’ve gone?” Privacy is considered a small exchange for the security of being well known and well liked.

After all, a private life boasts no location markers or story updates. The idea that the happenings of our lives would be constrained to our immediate families, friends and real-life communities is akin to social death in a world measured by followers, views, likes and shares.

I grow weary when I think of this as the new normal for what is considered to be a fruitful personal life. Social media is no longer a mere public extension of our private socialization; it has become a replacement for it. What happens to our humanity when we relegate our real lives to props for the performance of our virtual ones?

For one, a predominantly online existence can lull us into a dubious sense of having enacted concrete change, simply because of a tweet or Instagram post. As “hashtag activism” has obscured longstanding traditions of assembly and protest, there’s concern that a failure to transition from the keyboard to in-person organization will effectively stall or kill the momentum of political movements. (See: Occupy Wall Street.)

The sanctity of our most intimate experiences is also diminished. My grandfather Charles Shaw — a notable musician whose wisdoms and jazz scene tales I often shared on Twitter — passed away last year. Rather than take adequate time to privately mourn the loss of his giant influence in my life alongside those who loved him most, I quickly posted a lengthy tribute to him to my followers. At the time I thought, “How will they remember him if I don’t acknowledge his passing?”

Perhaps at the root of this anxiety over being forgotten is an urgent question of how one ought to form a legacy; with the rise of automation, a widening wealth gap and an unstable political climate, it is easy to feel unimportant. It is almost as if the world is too big and we are much too small to excel in it in any meaningful way. We feel we need as many people as possible to witness our lives, so as not to be left out of a story that is being written too fast by people much more significant than ourselves.

“The secret of a full life is to live and relate to others as if they might not be there tomorrow, as if you might not be there tomorrow,” the writer Anais Nin said. “This feeling has become a rarity, and rarer every day now that we have reached a hastier and more superficial rhythm, now that we believe we are in touch with a greater amount of people. This is the illusion which might cheat us of being in touch deeply with the one breathing next to us.”

I think of those words and at once any fear of obscurity is eclipsed by much deeper ones — the fear of forgoing the sacred moments of life, of never learning to be completely alone, of not bearing witness to the incredible lives of those who surround me.

I observe the world around me. It is big and moving fast. “What’s happening?” I think to myself.

I’m just beginning to find out.


From:www.nytimes.com/Oct. 1, 2019

The author was actively involved with social media for
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

269Q908879 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Taquaruçu do Sul RS, FUNDATEC, 2024

Texto associado.

Village’s Amateur Archaeologists Find Lost Tudor Palace


  1. When a group of amateur archaeologists set out to find the buried remains of a Tudor palace
  2. in their Northamptonshire village five years ago, they knew the odds were against them. “Many
  3. of us were brought up in the village, and you hear about this lost palace, and wonder whether
  4. it’s a myth or real. So we just wanted to find it”, said Chris Close, the chair of the Collyweston
  5. Historical and Preservation Society (Chaps) which made the discovery of the Palace of
  6. Collyweston in a back garden this year. “But we’re a bunch of amateurs. We had no money, no
  7. expertise, no plans, no artist impressions to go off, and nothing remaining of the palace. It was
  8. naivety and just hard work that has led us to it”.
  9. The site was found using geophysical surveys and ground-penetrating radar. Various
  10. attempts had been made in the 1980s and 90s to find Collyweston Palace, the home of Henry
  11. VII’s mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort. However, without the advantage of modern technology,
  12. none had succeeded. The palace was famous during the 15th century and several historic events
  13. took place there. The pre-wedding celebrations of Margaret Tudor to James IV of Scotland in
  14. 1503 took place in the palace, and Henry VIII is recorded as holding court there on 16 and 17
  15. October 1541. By the mid-17th century, it had fallen into disrepair, and until the Chaps dig
  16. uncovered the palace walls in March, there was very little remaining evidence of its existence.
  17. “A number of things have only really come to light as we’ve done this project”, said Close.
  18. “As you do more and more research, and various different records start to become unearthed,
  19. we realized Collyweston had privy councils being run from here, which is of massive national
  20. importance”. Historians from the University of York helped verify the group’s findings and identify
  21. the palace through some uncovered stone moldings, and will work with Chaps on more
  22. excavations to further reveal the structure and conserve it for the future.
  23. The Chaps team, which comprises more than 80 members ranging from teenagers to people
  24. in their 70s and 80s, first set out their plan to find the palace in March 2018, using “local folktales
  25. and hearsay” to help refine their search area. They carried out geophysical surveys and used
  26. ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to help reveal the location of the palace walls, before securing
  27. permission from homeowners to excavate in gardens. “We’ve done it all on an absolute
  28. shoestring”, said Close. “We’ve basically done an £80,000-£90,000 project for roughly £13,000.
  29. For us, being a little society, to have achieved this with no money, or expertise, or plans, I think
  30. it’s something that the whole society should be proud of”.

(Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/dec/06/tudor-collyweston-palace-northamptonshire-found-in-garden-by-amateur-archeologists - text especially adapted for this test).

In line 02 the texts says that “they knew the odds were against them”. What does this mean?

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

270Q903019 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Ubajara CE, CETREDE, 2024

Texto associado.
Text I: 'Quiet quitting' isn't really quitting


Clocking out at 5 p.m. on the dot, only doing your assigned daily tasks, limiting chats with colleagues and not working overtime. These are the distinctive features of "quiet quitting," a term coined to describe how people are approaching their jobs and professional lives differently to manage burnout.

The phrase, which isn't actually intended to lead to a resignation, exploded into the popular lexicon in 2022 when a TikTok video went viral. The creator, Zaid Khan, said in the video "I recently learned about this term 'quiet quitting,' where you're not outright quitting your job, but you're quitting the idea of going above and beyond." Nonetheless, “quiet quitting” is a misnomer, at least according to Karen K. Ho, a freelance business and culture reporter. She said that the term doesn't account for the fact that people are watching their grocery bills, fuel costs and housing prices go up, often without so much as a salary increase. "You're literally stagnating as a result of not earning more, not being promoted – and that's why a lot of people are leaving jobs," she completed.

While the words "quiet quitting" are loaded, evoking images of a slacker or ne'er-do-well for some, others say that the approach frees up time to spend with family and friends or to take care of oneself. In short, it's a renewed commitment to life beyond the workplace. On the other hand, the term “quiet quitting” has also received criticism, even from those who generally favor the idea behind it.

However, while the term "quiet quitting" may be a new invention, the mentality behind it is not. The phrase "work to rule," for example, describes a labor action in which employees strictly perform the work laid out in their contract, without taking on additional work. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major economic movement, The Great Resignation, which saw people leaving their jobs or switching professions in droves, as they re-evaluated their relationship with work during a lifechanging health crisis.

A May 2022 survey by RBC Insurance suggested that more than one-third of recently retired Canadians aged 55-75 had retired sooner than they planned. Another third decided to retire sooner because of the pandemic. Moreover, Statistics Canada reported that the third quarter of 2021 saw a 60% increase in job vacancies compared to pre-pandemic levels in the country.

Both Quiet Quitting and The Great Resignation indicate a marked cultural shift from the early and mid-2010s when "hustle culture" paved the way to "grinding" and "girl-bossing" – two ideas that prioritized work over everything else, with the belief that such effort made employees more desirable to managers, therefore helping them climb up the corporate ladder faster and generating more income.

In addition, it is important to highlight that employees have been re-evaluating how much time they spend commuting, working overtime and generally investing in low-pay, low-reward jobs. It seems they have realized that they work in systems where they are constantly immersed in a hustle culture – which has been repeatedly shown to be only beneficial for corporations and their managers, through bonuses, through increased productivity, through increased revenue and profits and the like.

Furthermore, some employees are advocating for policies, benefits and working conditions that strengthen work-life balance. But critics say it doesn't work as well as it should, with a glaring loophole that allows employers to take advantage by vaguely wording their policies.


Adapted from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/quiet-quitting-workerdisengagement-1.6560226 Last Updated: August 25, 2022
In “(…) intended to lead to a resignation (…)”, the word in bold type is a(an):
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️
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