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301Q1023000 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Caucaia CE, Fundação CETREDE, 2024

Texto associado.
The Impact of Globali-zation: Opportunities and Challenges

In today’s interconnected world, the concept of globalization plays a significant role. Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness of people, cultures, economies, and nations across the globe. It has been driven by advances in technology, trade, and communication, making the world a smaller and more interdependent place.
One of the most noticeable aspects of globalization is the rise of multinational corporations. Companies like Apple, Google, and Coca-Cola have a global presence and impact. They operate in multiple countries, manufacture products in one part of the world, and sell them in another. This has led to greater access to goods and services for consumers worldwide but has also raised questions about economic inequality and exploitation.
Globalization has also transformed the way we communicate. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have connected people from different corners of the world. Information and news now travel at lightning speed, influencing public opinion and shaping global events. However, this instant connectivity has also brought concerns about privacy, misinformation, and cyberbullying.
The impact of globalization is evident in culture and lifestyle as well. The exchange of music, movies, and fashion trends between countries has created a global pop culture. People can enjoy sushi in New York, listen to K-pop in Brazil, or watch Hollywood movies in India. While this cultural exchange can be enriching, it has also led to fears of cultural homogenization and the loss of local traditions.
In conclusion, globalization has profoundly affected our world in various ways, from economics to culture to communication. It has opened up opportunities and posed challenges that societies must address in our interconnected global community.

FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ globalization. Accessed on October 10, 2023.
According to the text, what is a notable consequence of the rise of multinational corporations due to globalization?
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  5. ✂️

302Q1045046 | Pedagogia, Avaliação Educacional, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Cariacica ES, INSTITUTO AOCP, 2020

Sobre a avaliação diagnóstica, assinale a alternativa correta.
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  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

303Q1045050 | Pedagogia, Temas Educacionais Pedagógicos, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Cariacica ES, INSTITUTO AOCP, 2020

Uma aprendizagem significativa e contextualizada deve ser orientada para o uso das TIC, que têm subsidiado uma metodologia na qual o estudante é protagonista do saber, orientado e mediado por um professor. Essa metodologia tem sido denominada
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304Q1024336 | Inglês, Advérbios e Conjunções Adverbs And Conjunctions, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de São Benedito CE, CETREDE, 2025

Choose the sentence in which there is an adverb of frequency.
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  2. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

305Q903023 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Ubajara CE, CETREDE, 2024

These sentences “If it rains, I won’t go for a walk” and “If I had gone to bed early, I would’ve slept better” are in the:
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306Q948849 | Biologia, Evolução biológica, Língua Inglesa, UEG, UEG

No dia 13 setembro de 2017, fez 30 anos do acidente radiológico Césio -137, em Goiânia – GO. Sabe-se que a meia-vida desse isótopo radioativo é de aproximadamente 30 anos. Então, em 2077, a massa que restará, em relação à massa inicial da época do acidente, será
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  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

308Q1023369 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, SEDUC MT, SELECON, 2023

Texto associado.
TEXT:


How do people overcome fossilization and achieve nativelike fluency in second language acquisition?

There are a lot of common misconceptions about fossilization and language development. It's impossible to correct all of them in a post here, but I'll address a few that have been mentioned below.

Fossilization is a stage at which a second language speaker seems to cease making progress toward becoming more targetlike in his or her use of the language, so a "learning plateau" is a reasonable analogy. The comparison wherein "the L2 learner has his own linguistic system" that's still influenced by L1 and other things is known as the "interlanguage." The question researchers cannot conclusively answer is whether or not that "plateau" is reversible after a certain point, be it age, fluency level, etc., in order to start making progress again.

Different people are motivated by different things, which range from need (to pass a test, to get a job, to watch movies without subtitles, to make friends, etc.) to learning style (preferring to study from texts, liking/disliking impromptu, small-talk with people just to practice, preference for/against learning formal rules, and aptitude). It is easy to remember verb conjugations. There is no single formula.

Finding someone who can correct your errors tactfully and effectively most certainly does not need to be demotivating, depressing or draining whatsoever. I'm a very fluent non-native speaker of Spanish, and I actively request that my native speaker (NS) friends correct me when I make a mistake, or use a phrase that sounds funny in their dialect, etc. How else will I learn? It's fascinating to learn little details like that now after so many years. As long as they don't do it in a mocking or condescending way, or at a socially inappropriate time, why wouldn't I want their help? Of course, if you correct a beginner every time they try to utter a sentence, it could be discouraging - and obnoxious - but everything in moderation.

One of the biggest cognitive challenges is whether or not L2 speakers can learn to consciously notice differences between their L2 efforts and the way a NS talks. There are decades of research on this (my own included) and I'll gladly give references if anyone actually cares. Noticing falls into two broad categories. First, the ability to "notice the gap," i.e. hear a NS say a sentence and think, "Hmm, I understand what he meant but I've never heard that word before; it must mean ___" or "I know what he meant but it would not have occurred to me to say it that way; I'll try to remember that for later." The second is the ability to "notice the hole," i.e. when the L2 learner is trying to speak/ write and realizes that his "interlanguage" lacks a word, sound or structure needed to accurately convey his own thought. If he can seek the input necessary to fill the hole, he has a much stronger chance of acquiring it. The thought processes involved during that moment are holding the forms (or lack thereof) in working memory, and the longer it stays there for further processing, the greater the possibility that it is retained in long-term memory for later use. The NS interlocutor can help promote noticing through corrective feedback (also a subject of decades of research, for which I'm also happy to provide resources if anyone is genuinely interested.)

I have been using a variety of strategies for years as a language coach when working with my clients, whether helping IT executives from India and Egypt learn to write more grammatically accurate e-mail or helping priests from Nigeria improve prosodic aspects of their pronunciation (i.e. stress and intonation patterns.) Each person is different. I have found no evidence to support the argument that a person who has fossilized cannot begin to make progress again toward a more target-like L2 use at least in some areas, with the right motivation, input and effort. The question is only about how much progress, in what areas, in how much time, and through what methods.


Adapted form: https://www.quora.com/How-do-people-overcome-fossilization-andachieve-native-like-fluency-in-second-language-acquisition Acesso em 22/09/2023
No trecho “Fossilization is a stage at which a second language speaker seems to cease making progress toward becoming more target-like in his or her use of the language…”, os termos em destaque referem-se a:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

309Q1023720 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Anajás PA, Instituto Ágata, 2024

Texto associado.
Failed policies and false promises bedevil multilingualism in South Africa

Twenty-seven years after democracy, English retains its hegemony as the language of influence, means, and access in all spheres of life – despite progressive language policies and government promises to foster all eleven official languages. “We are a multilingual country with monolingual practices,” said University of Cape Town (UCT) Vice-Chancellor Professor Mamokgethi Phakeng in a public lecture, delivered as Bristol Illustrious Visiting Professor (BIVP). [...] In 1997 South Africa announced a new Language in Education policy for schools, recognising eleven official languages and encouraging multilingualism. Within this policy, learners must choose the preferred language of learning on admission to a school. Where the language they choose is not available, parents can apply to the provincial education department to provide instruction. Most choose English – probably through their parents’ influence, as it holds the key to opportunities, said Phakeng.
In 2020 the Department of Higher Education and Training published a language policy framework for public higher education institutions. These policies are intended to develop and strengthen indigenous languages as languages of scholarship, teaching and learning, and communication in South African universities, said Phakeng. The policy framework is also meant to highlight the role of higher education in creating and promoting conditions for the development of historically marginalized official South African languages of the Khoi, Nama, and San people, as well as sign language [...].
History has shown that despite their lofty intentions, both policies have failed to redress the situation. English still dominates in almost every facet of public life. The reasons are many and complex, said Phakeng [...].
“For example, you can be fluent in six of the country’s eleven official languages but denied an opportunity to join the military, because your matric English mark was 45%. It doesn’t matter that you scored 78% for your home language, Xhosa.” [...] Research suggests that schools are not opting to use indigenous African languages as languages of learning and teaching, in both policy and practice. Those in power should have known better, Phakeng said.
“Mother-tongue instruction has a bad image among speakers of African languages. It is associated with apartheid, and hence inferior education – parents’ memories of Bantu education, combined with our perception of English as a gateway to better education, and making most black parents favor English from the beginning.”
English is also a prerequisite for anyone aspiring to become a professional in South Africa. [...]
(Adapted from: https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2022-03-10-failed-policies-false-promises-bedevil-multilingualism-in-sa)
According to the text “Failed policies and false promises bedevil multilingualism in South Africa” write true ( T ) or false ( F ) in the following sentences:
( ) One of the South African language policies guarantees that learners must choose their preferred language of learning on admission to a school, and if it is unavailable in the chosen school, they can apply to the provincial education department to provide instruction. ( ) South Africa is a multilingual country with twelve languages used among people, however, English is the only one necessary to be admitted to a school. ( ) South Africa is a multilingual country with eleven official languages, but language policies failed to promote their development all over the country. ( ) According to the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cape Town (UCT), some researchers suggest that schools are not deciding on using indigenous African languages as languages of learning and teaching because of English influence. ( ) South African people do not have opportunities denied if they are fluent in six of the country’s languages and do not communicate and understand well in English.
Mark the correct alternative:
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310Q1023482 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Alagoa Nova PB, CPCON, 2023

Texto associado.
READ TEXT 3 TO ANSWER THE QUESTION:


Text 3


The large majority of humankind is more or less fluent in 2 or even more languages. This raises the fundamental question how the language network in the brain is organized such that the correct target language is selected at aparticularoccasion. Here we present particular behavioral and functional magnetic resonanceimagingdata showing that bilingual processing leads to languageconflictin thebilingual brain even when the bilinguals' task only required target language knowledge. This finding demonstrates that the bilingualbrain cannot avoid language conflict, because words from the target and nontarget languages become automatically activated during reading.Importantly,stimulus-based languageconflictwas found in brain regions in the LIPC associated with phonological and semantic processing,whereasresponse-based language con whereas flict was only found in the pre-supplementary motor area/anterior cingulate cortex when language conflict leads to response conflicts.


Index terms: event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, interlingual homographs, lexical decision, pre-supplementary motor area and anterior cingulated, response conflict.


(Adapted from: https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/18/11/2706/296045)
What is the discourse genre of TEXT 3?
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311Q1023486 | Inglês, Discurso Direto e Indireto Reported Speech, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Alagoa Nova PB, CPCON, 2023

Which of the following options presents the correct conversion from indirect to direct speech: “She told him that she had already seen the movie.”
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

312Q1023008 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Caucaia CE, Fundação CETREDE, 2024

Texto associado.
The Impact of Globali-zation: Opportunities and Challenges

In today’s interconnected world, the concept of globalization plays a significant role. Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness of people, cultures, economies, and nations across the globe. It has been driven by advances in technology, trade, and communication, making the world a smaller and more interdependent place.
One of the most noticeable aspects of globalization is the rise of multinational corporations. Companies like Apple, Google, and Coca-Cola have a global presence and impact. They operate in multiple countries, manufacture products in one part of the world, and sell them in another. This has led to greater access to goods and services for consumers worldwide but has also raised questions about economic inequality and exploitation.
Globalization has also transformed the way we communicate. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have connected people from different corners of the world. Information and news now travel at lightning speed, influencing public opinion and shaping global events. However, this instant connectivity has also brought concerns about privacy, misinformation, and cyberbullying.
The impact of globalization is evident in culture and lifestyle as well. The exchange of music, movies, and fashion trends between countries has created a global pop culture. People can enjoy sushi in New York, listen to K-pop in Brazil, or watch Hollywood movies in India. While this cultural exchange can be enriching, it has also led to fears of cultural homogenization and the loss of local traditions.
In conclusion, globalization has profoundly affected our world in various ways, from economics to culture to communication. It has opened up opportunities and posed challenges that societies must address in our interconnected global community.

FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ globalization. Accessed on October 10, 2023.
Which phrasal verb best completes the sentence?
The police are still _______ the thief. They can’t find him.
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313Q1023035 | Inglês, Pronomes Pronouns, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Nova Venécia ES, IDESG, 2024

Texto associado.
Read Text I and answer question.


Text I


Stat: Young Americans have been securing the bag since the pandemic, largely thanks to their portfolios popping off. The combined wealth of adults under forty has shot up 80% since 2019, compared to 10% for people 40–54 and 30% for the over-55 set, according to economists at the New York Fed. That’s in part because they were poorer than their elders to start with, so they got more Covid stimulus cash that they put into stocks, which have since had a good run. But money from stocks leaves young people exposed to a volatile asset, since the market…doesn’t always go up.


(Source: https://www.morningbrew.com/daily/issues/slime-bowl)
In “(…) they were poorer than (…)”, the pronoun “they” refers to:
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314Q1023043 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Nova Venécia ES, IDESG, 2024

Analyze the following sentences.

I. Every summer, Anna ____ on a beach and reads.
II. John _____ me he would come to my party.
III. Are you ______________________ Japanese food?
IV. Our last meeting achieved absolutely nothing; it was a complete _______ of time.

Mark the alternative that fills out, correctly and respectively, the gaps in the sentences:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

315Q946504 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, UECE, UECE CEV, 2019

Texto associado.

T E X T


I Used to Fear Being a Nobody. Then I Left

Social Media.


By Bianca Brooks


“What’s happening?”

I stare blankly at the little box as I try to think of something clever for my first tweet. I settle on what’s at the top of my mind: “My only #fear is being a nobody.” How could I know this exchange would begin a dialogue that would continue nearly every day for the next nine years of my life?

I began using Twitter in 2010 as a newly minted high school freshman. Though it began as a hub for my quirky adolescent thoughts, over the years it became an archive of my emotional and intellectual voice — a kind of virtual display for the evolution of my politics and artistic identity. Butafter nine years, it was time to close the archive. My wanting to share my every waking thought became eclipsed by a desire for an increasingly rare commodity — a private life.

Though I thought disappearing from social media would be as simple as logging off, my refusal to post anything caused a bit of a stir among my small but loyal following. I began to receive emails from strangers asking me where I had gone and when I would return. One message read: “Not to be over familiar, but you have to come back eventually. You’re a writer after all. How will we read your writing?” Another follower inquired, “Where will you go?”

The truth is I have not gone anywhere. I am, in fact, more present than ever

Over time, I have begun to sense these messages reveal more than a lack of respect for privacy. I realize that to many millennials, a life without a social media presence is not simply a private life; it is no life at all: We possess a widespread, genuine fear of obscurity.

When I consider the near-decade I have spent on social media, this worry makes sense. As with many in my generation, Twitter was my entry into conversations happening on a global scale; long before my byline graced any publication, tweeting was how I felt a part of the world. Twitter functions much like an echo chamber dependent on likes and retweets, and gaining notoriety is as easy as finding someone to agree with you. For years I poured my opinions, musings and outrage onto my timeline, believing I held an indispensable place in a vital sociopolitical experiment.

But these passionate, public observations were born of more than just a desire to speak my mind — I was measuring my individual worth in constant visibility. Implicit in my follower’s question “Where will you go?” is the resounding question “How will we know where you’ve gone?” Privacy is considered a small exchange for the security of being well known and well liked.

After all, a private life boasts no location markers or story updates. The idea that the happenings of our lives would be constrained to our immediate families, friends and real-life communities is akin to social death in a world measured by followers, views, likes and shares.

I grow weary when I think of this as the new normal for what is considered to be a fruitful personal life. Social media is no longer a mere public extension of our private socialization; it has become a replacement for it. What happens to our humanity when we relegate our real lives to props for the performance of our virtual ones?

For one, a predominantly online existence can lull us into a dubious sense of having enacted concrete change, simply because of a tweet or Instagram post. As “hashtag activism” has obscured longstanding traditions of assembly and protest, there’s concern that a failure to transition from the keyboard to in-person organization will effectively stall or kill the momentum of political movements. (See: Occupy Wall Street.)

The sanctity of our most intimate experiences is also diminished. My grandfather Charles Shaw — a notable musician whose wisdoms and jazz scene tales I often shared on Twitter — passed away last year. Rather than take adequate time to privately mourn the loss of his giant influence in my life alongside those who loved him most, I quickly posted a lengthy tribute to him to my followers. At the time I thought, “How will they remember him if I don’t acknowledge his passing?”

Perhaps at the root of this anxiety over being forgotten is an urgent question of how one ought to form a legacy; with the rise of automation, a widening wealth gap and an unstable political climate, it is easy to feel unimportant. It is almost as if the world is too big and we are much too small to excel in it in any meaningful way. We feel we need as many people as possible to witness our lives, so as not to be left out of a story that is being written too fast by people much more significant than ourselves.

“The secret of a full life is to live and relate to others as if they might not be there tomorrow, as if you might not be there tomorrow,” the writer Anais Nin said. “This feeling has become a rarity, and rarer every day now that we have reached a hastier and more superficial rhythm, now that we believe we are in touch with a greater amount of people. This is the illusion which might cheat us of being in touch deeply with the one breathing next to us.”

I think of those words and at once any fear of obscurity is eclipsed by much deeper ones — the fear of forgoing the sacred moments of life, of never learning to be completely alone, of not bearing witness to the incredible lives of those who surround me.

I observe the world around me. It is big and moving fast. “What’s happening?” I think to myself.

I’m just beginning to find out.


From:www.nytimes.com/Oct. 1, 2019

The author was actively involved with social media for
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316Q1024330 | Inglês, Adjetivos Adjectives, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de São Benedito CE, CETREDE, 2025

About superlatives and comparatives adjectives, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).

( ) “Least” and “worst” are the irregular superlative forms of “little” and “bad”, respectively.
( ) “Busyer” is the comparative form of the adjective “busy”.
( ) In the sentence “This is the smallest room in the building”, there is a superlative adjective.

The statements are, respectively:
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  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

317Q1024331 | Inglês, Pronomes Pronouns, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de São Benedito CE, CETREDE, 2025

The sentence that has an indefinite pronoun is:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

318Q903021 | Inglês, Advérbios e conjunções Adverbs and conjunctions, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Ubajara CE, CETREDE, 2024

Read the following dialogue.

Caio: Have you seen Joana lately?

Ramon: I hadn’t, but I heard she borrowed some money from the bank.

Caio: But what about her inheritance?

Ramon: Word has it she frittered all away.

Caio: That’s crazy!

Ramon: Yeah, I know.

Based on this dialogue, analyze the assertions below.


I. In “she frittered all away”, Ramon intends to say that Joana squandered all her inheritance.

II. Ramon correctly uses auxiliary verbs in his first and last lines.

III. “Lately” is a time adverb in Caio’s fist line.


The CORRECT assertion(s) is(are):

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

319Q978831 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de São João do Rio do Peixe PB, EDUCA, 2025

Texto associado.
TEXT 2

GRAMMAR


Most English language teachers are probably comfortable using the word ‘grammar’. There is an established grammatical tradition within ELT, and terms such as ‘tense’, ‘conditional form’, or ‘defining relative clause’ are likely to be familiar even to relatively inexperienced teachers. Grammar is often thought of as something reliable and predictable, but although the term is a keyword in the ELT profession, it is somewhat under-examined. A look at the word’s history reveals a perhaps surprising amount of variation and inconsistency.

The word ‘grammar’ comes originally from Ancient Greek grammatike (‘pertaining to letters/written language’). Grammar was one of the ‘liberal arts’ taught in Ancient Greece, and in Rome from around the fifth century BC, although at this time it was a wider area of study than today, including textual and aesthetic criticism and literary history. Its study continued in Europe in medieval times and beyond, with grammar being taught at schools alongside logic and rhetoric in what was known as the ‘trivium’.

The tradition of studying the grammar of English in British schools did not emerge until the 16th century (Howatt with Widdowson 2004: 77) — until then, studying grammar at school meant studying Latin or Ancient Greek, not vernacular languages. Indeed, the first grammar of English, Bullokar’s Pamphlet for Grammar (1586), is said to have been written to demonstrate that the English language was in fact rule-based and could be analysed in the same way as Latin (Linn 2006: 74).

Grammar has lost its status as a distinct subject in the school curriculum but the word has continued (since 1530 according to the Oxford English Dictionary) to be used as a countable noun meaning ‘a book describing the grammar of a language’.


Content extracted and adapted from: https://academic.oup.com/eltj/articleabstract/74/2/198/5805512?redirectedFrom=fulltext
In the excerpt “Indeed, the first grammar of English, Bullokar’s Pamphlet for Grammar (1586), is said to have been written to demonstrate that the English language was in fact rule-based and could be analysed in the same way as Latin” (from paragraph 3), the underlined word (“Indeed”) can be correctly classified as:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

320Q1022611 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Paraty RJ, Avança SP, 2024

Observe the following dialogue and select the option that correctly completes the sentence using the future perfect tense.

Person A: "By the time you arrive at the airport,__________________ our luggage."

Person B: "Great! That means we'll have more time to relax before the flight."

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️
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