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Questões de Concursos Língua Inglesa

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381Q903012 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Ubajara CE, CETREDE, 2024

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Text I: 'Quiet quitting' isn't really quitting


Clocking out at 5 p.m. on the dot, only doing your assigned daily tasks, limiting chats with colleagues and not working overtime. These are the distinctive features of "quiet quitting," a term coined to describe how people are approaching their jobs and professional lives differently to manage burnout.

The phrase, which isn't actually intended to lead to a resignation, exploded into the popular lexicon in 2022 when a TikTok video went viral. The creator, Zaid Khan, said in the video "I recently learned about this term 'quiet quitting,' where you're not outright quitting your job, but you're quitting the idea of going above and beyond." Nonetheless, “quiet quitting” is a misnomer, at least according to Karen K. Ho, a freelance business and culture reporter. She said that the term doesn't account for the fact that people are watching their grocery bills, fuel costs and housing prices go up, often without so much as a salary increase. "You're literally stagnating as a result of not earning more, not being promoted – and that's why a lot of people are leaving jobs," she completed.

While the words "quiet quitting" are loaded, evoking images of a slacker or ne'er-do-well for some, others say that the approach frees up time to spend with family and friends or to take care of oneself. In short, it's a renewed commitment to life beyond the workplace. On the other hand, the term “quiet quitting” has also received criticism, even from those who generally favor the idea behind it.

However, while the term "quiet quitting" may be a new invention, the mentality behind it is not. The phrase "work to rule," for example, describes a labor action in which employees strictly perform the work laid out in their contract, without taking on additional work. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major economic movement, The Great Resignation, which saw people leaving their jobs or switching professions in droves, as they re-evaluated their relationship with work during a lifechanging health crisis.

A May 2022 survey by RBC Insurance suggested that more than one-third of recently retired Canadians aged 55-75 had retired sooner than they planned. Another third decided to retire sooner because of the pandemic. Moreover, Statistics Canada reported that the third quarter of 2021 saw a 60% increase in job vacancies compared to pre-pandemic levels in the country.

Both Quiet Quitting and The Great Resignation indicate a marked cultural shift from the early and mid-2010s when "hustle culture" paved the way to "grinding" and "girl-bossing" – two ideas that prioritized work over everything else, with the belief that such effort made employees more desirable to managers, therefore helping them climb up the corporate ladder faster and generating more income.

In addition, it is important to highlight that employees have been re-evaluating how much time they spend commuting, working overtime and generally investing in low-pay, low-reward jobs. It seems they have realized that they work in systems where they are constantly immersed in a hustle culture – which has been repeatedly shown to be only beneficial for corporations and their managers, through bonuses, through increased productivity, through increased revenue and profits and the like.

Furthermore, some employees are advocating for policies, benefits and working conditions that strengthen work-life balance. But critics say it doesn't work as well as it should, with a glaring loophole that allows employers to take advantage by vaguely wording their policies.


Adapted from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/quiet-quitting-workerdisengagement-1.6560226 Last Updated: August 25, 2022
Right after bringing up that “quiet quitting” got criticism, the text:
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384Q1024378 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Paraty RJ, Avança SP, 2024

The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” plays a crucial role in regulating the planet’s climate. Covering approximately 5.5 million square kilometers, it is home to an incredible diversity of flora and fauna. The forest produces about 20% of the world’s oxygen and absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, deforestation poses a significant threat to this vital ecosystem. Efforts to protect and restore the Amazon are essential for maintaining global ecological balance.
What does the phrase “lungs of the Earth” refer to in the text?
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386Q978828 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de São João do Rio do Peixe PB, EDUCA, 2025

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TEXT 2

GRAMMAR


Most English language teachers are probably comfortable using the word ‘grammar’. There is an established grammatical tradition within ELT, and terms such as ‘tense’, ‘conditional form’, or ‘defining relative clause’ are likely to be familiar even to relatively inexperienced teachers. Grammar is often thought of as something reliable and predictable, but although the term is a keyword in the ELT profession, it is somewhat under-examined. A look at the word’s history reveals a perhaps surprising amount of variation and inconsistency.

The word ‘grammar’ comes originally from Ancient Greek grammatike (‘pertaining to letters/written language’). Grammar was one of the ‘liberal arts’ taught in Ancient Greece, and in Rome from around the fifth century BC, although at this time it was a wider area of study than today, including textual and aesthetic criticism and literary history. Its study continued in Europe in medieval times and beyond, with grammar being taught at schools alongside logic and rhetoric in what was known as the ‘trivium’.

The tradition of studying the grammar of English in British schools did not emerge until the 16th century (Howatt with Widdowson 2004: 77) — until then, studying grammar at school meant studying Latin or Ancient Greek, not vernacular languages. Indeed, the first grammar of English, Bullokar’s Pamphlet for Grammar (1586), is said to have been written to demonstrate that the English language was in fact rule-based and could be analysed in the same way as Latin (Linn 2006: 74).

Grammar has lost its status as a distinct subject in the school curriculum but the word has continued (since 1530 according to the Oxford English Dictionary) to be used as a countable noun meaning ‘a book describing the grammar of a language’.


Content extracted and adapted from: https://academic.oup.com/eltj/articleabstract/74/2/198/5805512?redirectedFrom=fulltext
According to Text 2, what was the first grammar book of the English language?
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387Q1023128 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Serra ES, IDCAP, 2024

Given the context of using verbs in different tenses and moods in narratives, match the columns by relating the phenomena to their respective descriptions or consequences:
Column 1: A.Use of simple present. B.Use of past continuous. C.Use of future with "will".

Column 2: (__)Describes habitual actions or universal truths.
(__)Expresses an action that was occurring at a specific moment in the past.
(__)Indicates a decision made at the moment of speaking.
Mark the alternative whose sequence of association, from top to bottom, is correct:
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388Q1022905 | Inglês, Preposições Prepositions, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Júlio Borges PI, JVL Concursos, 2024

Analyze the following sentences and choose the correct answer.
I. Where do you go __ Saturdays?
II. Lucy’s laptop is barely working.
III. They live in the countryside, don’t they?
IV. Nobody is paying attention to me.
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389Q1024698 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Língua Inglesa, SEE PB, IDECAN, 2025

An important methodological approach to working with the English language in elementary education involves the use of didactic sequences, which, according to Dolz, Noverraz and Schneuwly (2010), are
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390Q1024700 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Língua Inglesa, SEE PB, IDECAN, 2025

The period of technicist education was marked by a strong presence of English language teaching in schools, with a focus on workforce qualification for industrial labor. The most common approach at the time was based on the grammar-translation method. Select the alternative that describes the methodological orientation commonly associated with this method.
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392Q1021945 | Sem disciplina, Advérbios e Conjunções Adverbs And Conjunctions, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Guaraciaba do Norte CE, CONSULPAM, 2024

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POLITICAL POLLS


Despite their popularity, political polls, often seen on TV during elections, sometimes give _______1 results, and some Americans question their _______ 2 .

_______ 3 both 2016 and 2020, most national polls overestimated support for Democrats. Polls aim to show what people think at a certain time but can be tricky to predict future outcomes accurately.

Mallory Newall explains that reliable polls focus on understanding public opinions rather than just predicting election winners. She warns _______4 reading too much into small differences in polls, especially far _______5 election day. Red flags for bad polls include _______6 the right people and not being clear about how the data was collected.

Polling methods _______ 7 since 2016, with more surveys done on line. Online surveys may influence results; however, concerns remain about reaching everyone, especially in rural areas without good internet. Although _______8 challenges, polls remain important _______9 public opinion.

Source:

https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/political-polls-level-3/

The underlined words “however, concerns, and remain” (3rd paragraph) have the function of, RESPECTIVELY:
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393Q1023993 | Inglês, Pronomes Pronouns, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Sobral CE, UECE CEV, 2023

“There are four questions of value in life. What is sacred? Of what is the spirit made? What is worth living for and what is worth dying for? The answer to each is the same. Only love.” (Lord Byron)

“But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.” (William Shakespeare)

In terms of grammatical features, the two passages above have two aspects in common, which are the use of

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394Q1022972 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, UFF, COSEAC, 2024

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TEXT 2

Workplace Burnout Survey

Burnout without borders


Deloitte’s external survey explores the drivers and impact of prolonged, unmanageable stress that may lead to employee burnout.

Deloitte’s marketplace survey on burnout

Professionals today are undoubtedly feeling the pressure of an ‘always on’ work culture, causing stress and sometimes leading to burnout.

Deloitte’s external marketplace survey of 1,000 full-time US professionals explores the drivers and impact of employee burnout, while also providing insight into the benefits and programs employees feel can help prevent or alleviate burnout versus those their companies are currently offering.


The findings indicate that 77 percent of respondents say they have experienced employee burnout at their current job, with more than half citing more than one occurrence. The survey also uncovered that employers may be missing the mark whenit comes to developing well-being programs that their employees find valuable to address stress in the workplace.

Additionally, the survey found that:


  • Employee burnout has no boundaries: 91 percent of respondents say having an unmanageable amount of stress or frustration negatively impacts the quality of their work. 83 percent of respondents say burnout from work can negatively impact their personal relationships.


  • Passion may not prevent workplace stress: 87 percent of professionals surveyed say they have passion for their current job but 64 percent say they are frequently stressed, dispelling the myth that passionate employees are immune to stress or burnout.


  • Many companies may not be doing enough to minimize burnout: Nearly 70 percent of professionals feel their employers are not doing enough to prevent or alleviate burnout within their organization. 21 percent of respondents say their company does not offer any programs or initiatives to prevent or alleviate burnout.
  • Companies should consider workplace culture, not just well-being programs: One in four professionals say they never or rarely take all of their vacation days. The top driver of burnout cited in the survey is lack of support or recognition from leadership, indicating the important role that leaders play in setting the tone.


  • Burnout affects millennial retention: 84 percent of millennials say they have experienced burnout at their current job, compared to 77 percent of all respondents. Nearly half of millennials say they have left a job specifically because they felt burned out, compared to 42 percent of all respondents.


from: <https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/burnout-survey.html> Access: 08 Dec., 2023. Adapted

According to the survey, being passionate about your job
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395Q1023485 | Inglês, Adjetivos Adjectives, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Alagoa Nova PB, CPCON, 2023

What is the adjective function in the following sentence: “The beautiful flowers bloomed in the garden.”?
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397Q1023486 | Inglês, Discurso Direto e Indireto Reported Speech, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Alagoa Nova PB, CPCON, 2023

Which of the following options presents the correct conversion from indirect to direct speech: “She told him that she had already seen the movie.”
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398Q1004544 | Pedagogia, Temas Educacionais Pedagógicos, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Cubatão SP, IBAM, 2024

Considerando o pensamento de MOITA na obra Inglês no Mundo Contemporâneo: Ampliando Oportunidades Sociais por Meio da Educação (2005), julgue as sentenças abaixo como verdadeiras (V) ou falsas (F).

1.(__) O ensino de inglês, segundo o autor, precisa ser situado no panorama local e global. Isso significa considerar as realidades dos alunos, suas necessidades específicas e o impacto da língua inglesa em suas vidas.
2.(__) Ele sugere que as práticas pedagógicas devem estimular os alunos a questionarem o uso da língua em discursos midiáticos, políticos e econômicos, entendendo suas implicações para a construção de identidades e relações de poder.
3.(__) Segundo ele, ensinar inglês dessa forma reduz a língua a uma ferramenta de comunicação, ignorando sua carga simbólica e política.

A sequência correta é:
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399Q1004546 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Cubatão SP, IBAM, 2024

Com base no conceito de "desestrangeirização" apresentado por Flavius Almeida dos Anjos em O inglês como língua franca global da contemporaneidade (2016), julgue as sentenças abaixo como (V) para verdadeiras ou (F), para falsas.

1.(__) O conceito de "desestrangeirização" enfatiza o uso do inglês como ferramenta para conectar-se a contextos locais e globais, rompendo com a ideia de língua "estrangeira".
2.(__) O objetivo principal da "desestrangeirização" é reduzir o papel do inglês como língua de comunicação intercultural.
3.(__) A "desestrangeirização" é uma abordagem que propõe o ensino de inglês à comunicação funcional, para além dos contextos culturais e históricos.

A sequência correta é:
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400Q1023002 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Caucaia CE, Fundação CETREDE, 2024

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The Impact of Globali-zation: Opportunities and Challenges

In today’s interconnected world, the concept of globalization plays a significant role. Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness of people, cultures, economies, and nations across the globe. It has been driven by advances in technology, trade, and communication, making the world a smaller and more interdependent place.
One of the most noticeable aspects of globalization is the rise of multinational corporations. Companies like Apple, Google, and Coca-Cola have a global presence and impact. They operate in multiple countries, manufacture products in one part of the world, and sell them in another. This has led to greater access to goods and services for consumers worldwide but has also raised questions about economic inequality and exploitation.
Globalization has also transformed the way we communicate. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have connected people from different corners of the world. Information and news now travel at lightning speed, influencing public opinion and shaping global events. However, this instant connectivity has also brought concerns about privacy, misinformation, and cyberbullying.
The impact of globalization is evident in culture and lifestyle as well. The exchange of music, movies, and fashion trends between countries has created a global pop culture. People can enjoy sushi in New York, listen to K-pop in Brazil, or watch Hollywood movies in India. While this cultural exchange can be enriching, it has also led to fears of cultural homogenization and the loss of local traditions.
In conclusion, globalization has profoundly affected our world in various ways, from economics to culture to communication. It has opened up opportunities and posed challenges that societies must address in our interconnected global community.

FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ globalization. Accessed on October 10, 2023.
According to the text, what is a potential downside of the cultural exchange facilitated by globalization?
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