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Questões de Concursos Manhã e Tarde

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182Q1011222 | Direito Constitucional, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

A Constituição Federal de 1988 prevê como princípio que rege República Federativa do Brasil em suas relações internacionais

a não concessão de extradição a estrangeiro por crime político ou de opinião.

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183Q1011012 | Português, Interpretação de Textos, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Bem antes que tentassem me convencer que a data de nascimento da modernidade era um espirro cartesiano, ou então um novo interesse empírico pela natureza que transpira das páginas do Novum Organum de Bacon, ou ainda (mais tarde e mais “marxista”) a abertura dos primeiros bancos — bem antes de tudo isso, quando era rapaz, se ensinava que a modernidade começou em outubro de 1492. Nos livros da escola, o primeiro capítulo dos tempos modernos eram e são as grandes explorações. Entre estas, a viagem de Colombo ocupa um lugar muito especial. Descidas Saara adentro ou intermináveis caravanas por montes e desertos até a China de nada valiam comparadas com a aventura do genovês. Precisa ler Mediterrâneo de Fernand Braudel para conceber o alcance simbólico do pulo além de Gibraltar, não costeando, mas reto para frente. Precisa, entre outras palavras, evocar o mar Mediterrâneo — este pátio comum navegável e navegado por milênios, espécie de útero vital compartilhado — para entender por que a viagem de Colombo acabou e continua sendo uma metáfora do fim do mundo fechado, do abandono da casa materna e paterna.

Contardo Calligaris. A psicanálise e o sujeito colonial.
In: Edson L. A. Sousa (org.). Psicanálise e colonização: leituras do sintoma
social no Brasil. Porto Alegre: Artes e Ofícios, 1999, p. 11-12 (com adaptações).

Julgue o item que se segue, relativo ao texto precedente.

Pela leitura do texto, é possível relacionar a construção da história da modernidade a uma perspectiva eurocêntrica, apesar de o Mediterrâneo fazer parte do passado e do presente de outras culturas, além da europeia.

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184Q1011087 | Geografia, Migrações, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

No que se refere aos movimentos migratórios nacionais e internacionais e à formação e à estrutura dos blocos econômicos internacionais, julgue item subsequente.

O deslocamento diário de pessoas para cidades vizinhas em busca de formação acadêmica, sem fixação de residência permanente no local de destino, é denominado migração pendular.

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185Q1011106 | Geografia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

A teoria geopolítica do poder continental ou terrestre de Halford J. Mackinder busca compreender a influência da geografia nas relações políticas e na formação de Estados nacionais. Acerca dessa teoria, julgue o seguinte item.

A teoria de Mackinder reforça que o poder marítimo é necessário para salvaguardar as áreas oceânicas na periferia do poder continental (Heartland).

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186Q1011115 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A lack of women at decision-making tables around the world is hindering progress when it comes to tackling conflicts or improving health and standard of living, the highest-ranking woman in the UN (United Nations) has said.

“We’re half the population. And what we bring to the table is incredibly important and it’s missing”, said Amina Mohammed, the UN deputy secretary general. “I think it’s why mostly our human development indices are so bad, why we have so many conflicts and we’re unable to come out of the conflicts.”

Since her appointment in 2017, Mohammed has been a constant voice in pushing back against the under-representation of women in politics, diplomacy and even the UN general assembly. Her efforts have helped cast a spotlight on the fact that women remain relegated to the margins of power around the world; last year the global proportion of female lawmakers stood at 26.9%, according to Switzerland’s Inter-Parliamentary Union.

Speaking to The Guardian, Mohammed said “flexing muscle and testosterone” often dominated at tables of power around the world. “This win, win, win at all costs — I think that would change if women were at the table”, she said.

She acknowledged that the world had seen a handful of female leaders who had not used their position to advocate for greater peace or conflict resolution. “Fair point, we see women in power and they’re sometimes the image of men”, she said. But she described it as unfair to judge women on an individual basis while they were still within the confines of a system dominated by men. “We don’t judge men that way.”

Mohammed highlighted how many parts of society still view women in power as “about taking away, rather than adding” value. “And we have to change that mentality”, she said.

“We kept looking at the Band-aid: put the women in office, let’s have affirmative action. And we never connected the dots for women themselves to build the constituencies and to go out and vote”, she said. “So we have to have a conversation with women first. Because if we’re doing this for women, should it not be by women?”

Ashifa Kassam. Lack of women at global tables of power hinders progress, says top UN official.
In: The Guardian, 19/6/2024. Internet:: <www.theguardian.com.> (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

In the fourth paragraph, it can be inferred from the expressions ‘flexing muscle and testosterone’ and ‘win at all costs’ that, for Mohammed, the male dominance in political representation evokes an attitude of aggressiveness, strength, and competition.

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187Q1011125 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
There is nothing inevitable about choices that are environmentally destructive. In 1800, there were indeed 550 steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills. Coal was more expensive than hydro power and many industrialists were not persuaded of its added value. It was the economic recession of 1825-1848 with increasing agitation by textile workers over salaries and conditions which made the use of coal-powered, steam-driven spinning machines a much more attractive proposition. More machines meant fewer workers and fewer workers meant fewer demands, notably for wage rises. Therefore, the substantial increase in CO2 emissions in Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century, which through economic competition, war and imperial domination would start a worldwide trend, was not the blind outcome of the machinery of ‘progress’ but the cumulative consequence of a set of very specific decisions taken by identifiable socio-economic actors.

Similarly, the notion that ecological awareness is only a very recent phenomenon where “humanity” finally woke up to the environmental consequences of its economic activities does not stand up to scrutiny. In the period from the beginnings of the industrial revolution to the decade when the movement towards fossil fuels use becomes more marked, awareness of the relationships between humans and their environment or the “natural world” was widespread. Environmental risks have been clearly and repeatedly signalled from the time of the industrial revolution onwards. The notion of an unthinking humanity bringing destruction upon itself does not bear up to examination.

Michael Cronin. Eco-Translation: translation and ecology in the
Age of the Anthropocene. New York: Routledge, 2017. p. 11-12 (adapted).

In relation to the previous text, judge the item that follow.

The second sentence of the first paragraph indicates that, in 1800, there were already anthropogenic changes in nature.

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188Q1011130 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community, increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be short-lived.

The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics, woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State. The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties. The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox and heterodox, my side and your side.

Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.

According to the preceding text, judge the following item.

It is correct to conclude from the meanings and the grammatical structure of the second sentence of the text that contradictions are part of the “cleavages of needs and creeds”.

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189Q1012413 | História, Período EntreGuerras Totalitarismos, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

No que se refere a aspectos dos regimes fascistas e dos regimes autoritários, julgue o item subsequente.

Segundo Hobsbawm, o desaparecimento das poupanças e as grandes inflações pouco contribuíram para o florescimento do fascismo na Europa central.

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190Q1012419 | Geografia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

A respeito da expansão colonial e do pensamento geográfico, julgue o seguinte item.

O desejo de expansão imperialista alemão é considerado decisivo para a consolidação da geografia como ciência.

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191Q1012422 | Geografia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Julgue o item seguinte, relativo às perspectivas norteadoras das finalidades propostas para a ciência geográfica.

A proposta metodológica de Richard Hartshorne, que enfatiza o conceito de região como campo empírico, consistindo em uma abordagem sistemática e universal para a análise dos fenômenos espaciais, rompe com a distinção entre ciências nomotéticas e idiográficas.

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192Q1011188 | Economia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
O país A tem abundância de mão de obra, e o país B tem abundância de capital. A produção do bem X é mais intensiva em mão de obra, enquanto a produção do bem Y é mais intensiva em capital.

Considerando a situação hipotética apresentada e as teorias neoclássicas do comércio internacional, que aperfeiçoaram a análise proposta pela teoria clássica, incluindo a possibilidade de incorporar múltiplos fatores de produção, julgue o item seguinte.

Um resultado da aplicação do modelo de Hecksher-Ohlin, atendidos todos os seus pressupostos, é que o comércio exterior tende a aumentar a remuneração da mão de obra no país A.

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193Q1011191 | Economia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

A respeito de regimes cambiais, julgue o próximo item.
No regime de bandas cambiais, quando a taxa de câmbio se aproxima do limite de desvalorização da moeda nacional, a autoridade monetária deve ingressar no mercado, comprando divisas.
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194Q1011194 | Economia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Acerca da transição da economia cafeeira para a economia industrial no Brasil, julgue o item que se segue.

Uma das consequências da Primeira Guerra Mundial foi o avanço da indústria brasileira de processamento de alimentos, por causa da redução da oferta externa desses produtos.

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195Q1011196 | Economia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Em relação ao modelo de industrialização por substituição de importações (ISI) no Brasil, julgue o item seguinte.

O protecionismo que caracterizou o modelo de ISI foi favorável à competitividade da indústria nascente, pois incentivou a abertura de muitas empresas em cada setor.

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196Q1011076 | Conhecimentos Gerais, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

A sociedade brasileira passou por mudanças significativas ao longo do século passado. A respeito de aspectos sociais e culturais desse período, julgue o item a seguir.

O baião, popularizado nos anos 1950 por artistas como Luiz Gonzaga e Humberto Teixeira, traduziu musicalmente o êxodo nordestino, desafiou hierarquias culturais centradas no Sudeste e ressignificou tradições populares em contexto de industrialização, conformando-se como metáfora sonora do Brasil em transição.

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197Q1011092 | Geografia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Julgue o item que se segue, referente à distribuição geográfica da agricultura.

A produção mundial de soja e milho está fortemente concentrada em países como Estados Unidos da América, Brasil, China e Argentina, devido a fatores climáticos favoráveis e tecnológicos.

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198Q1011116 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Diplomacy is often described as an art, involving decisions shaped by sensitive political nuances that require human judgment, cultural understanding, and emotional intelligence — qualities that AI cannot fully replicate. While AI can support decision-making, it may also manipulate human behavior subtly, especially through systems developed in countries with different geopolitical priorities. This deepens the AI divide between technologically advanced and resource-limited nations, embedding linguistic and cultural biases and reinforcing global power asymmetries. As algorithms take their place alongside diplomats, the art of negotiation now meets the science of AI. The future of diplomacy must lie in fostering a symbiotic relationship where AI enhances human expertise, streamlines processes, and offers new strategic tools while leaving the nuanced art of diplomacy in human hands.

Diplomatic institutions adopting such technologies should also adopt guardrails to clarify how these systems inform decision-making. To ensure that AI systems function appropriately across diverse cultural contexts, adaptive and responsible AI frameworks should be integrated into policy discussions at the national and international levels. Crucially, any AI deployment must prioritise human agency. The goal must not be to automate diplomacy, but to augment it. AI’s incorporation into diplomacy offers both promise and peril. While the technology supports efficiency and expands access to information, it must be governed by strong ethical frameworks, particularly when it can shape global power relations through sensitive negotiations. Rather than embracing AI as a magic wand, it must be approached as a double-edged sword that is capable of assisting, but never replacing the unique human skills that diplomacy demands.

Anusha Guru. The Future of Diplomacy: AI’s Expanding Role in International Affairs.
In: Observer Research Foundation, 18/6/2025. Internet:<www.orfonline.org> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the ideas presented in the preceding text, as well as on its linguistic aspects.

The author argues that the ethical governance of AI’s application in diplomacy is especially critical because its influence may extend beyond technical efficiency to altering the global distribution of political power.

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199Q1011122 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army of believers.

The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched. Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise. Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other ordeals settled criminal cases.

Few had any learning at all. What education there was back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics. They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors, and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified them. They though it was black magic.

The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?

Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed
Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.

According to the text, as a consequence of the arrival of the warriors, the vines mentioned in the second paragraph were attacked by a widespread plant disease.

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200Q1011123 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army of believers.

The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched. Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise. Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other ordeals settled criminal cases.

Few had any learning at all. What education there was back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics. They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors, and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified them. They though it was black magic.

The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?

Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed
Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.

The author of the text presents the characteristics of the warriors that contrasted with the life of those who inhabited the “Arab shores”, mentioned in the last paragraph.

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