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Questões de Concursos Manhã e Tarde

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201Q1011123 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army of believers.

The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched. Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise. Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other ordeals settled criminal cases.

Few had any learning at all. What education there was back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics. They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors, and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified them. They though it was black magic.

The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?

Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed
Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.

The author of the text presents the characteristics of the warriors that contrasted with the life of those who inhabited the “Arab shores”, mentioned in the last paragraph.

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  2. ✂️

202Q1011129 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
There is nothing inevitable about choices that are environmentally destructive. In 1800, there were indeed 550 steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills. Coal was more expensive than hydro power and many industrialists were not persuaded of its added value. It was the economic recession of 1825-1848 with increasing agitation by textile workers over salaries and conditions which made the use of coal-powered, steam-driven spinning machines a much more attractive proposition. More machines meant fewer workers and fewer workers meant fewer demands, notably for wage rises. Therefore, the substantial increase in CO2 emissions in Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century, which through economic competition, war and imperial domination would start a worldwide trend, was not the blind outcome of the machinery of ‘progress’ but the cumulative consequence of a set of very specific decisions taken by identifiable socio-economic actors.

Similarly, the notion that ecological awareness is only a very recent phenomenon where “humanity” finally woke up to the environmental consequences of its economic activities does not stand up to scrutiny. In the period from the beginnings of the industrial revolution to the decade when the movement towards fossil fuels use becomes more marked, awareness of the relationships between humans and their environment or the “natural world” was widespread. Environmental risks have been clearly and repeatedly signalled from the time of the industrial revolution onwards. The notion of an unthinking humanity bringing destruction upon itself does not bear up to examination.

Michael Cronin. Eco-Translation: translation and ecology in the
Age of the Anthropocene. New York: Routledge, 2017. p. 11-12 (adapted).

In relation to the previous text, judge the item that follow.

In the second paragraph, the expressions “stand up to scrutiny” (first sentence) and “bear up to examination” (last sentence) have similar meanings and may correctly be used interchangeably in the text.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

203Q1011131 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community, increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be short-lived.

The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics, woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State. The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties. The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox and heterodox, my side and your side.

Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.

According to the preceding text, judge the following item.

In the first sentence of the second paragraph, “woefully” and “transiently” modify two different actions.

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  2. ✂️

204Q1012417 | História, Período EntreGuerras Totalitarismos, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

No que se refere a aspectos dos regimes fascistas e dos regimes autoritários, julgue o item subsequente.

O século XX foi marcado pelo surgimento de regimes autoritários em diferentes partes do globo, excetuando-se as Américas, já que não é possível compreender o caudilhismo como experiência ditatorial.

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  2. ✂️

205Q1012421 | Geografia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Julgue o item seguinte, relativo às perspectivas norteadoras das finalidades propostas para a ciência geográfica.


O determinismo geográfico, embora ultrapassado, foi a primeira corrente a incorporar o conceito de “gêneros de vida” para explicar a adaptação das sociedades ao meio físico, com base na diversidade cultural como elemento central de análise.

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  2. ✂️

206Q1011185 | Economia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
As taxas de câmbio desempenham papel central nas transações internacionais ao permitirem que sejam comparados preços de mercadorias, capitais e serviços produzidos em diferentes países. Por isso, a política cambial, que define os regimes de taxas de câmbio, acaba condicionando as relações financeiras entre um país e o resto do mundo.

A partir do texto apresentado, julgue o item subsecutivo.

Em um regime de câmbio fixo, que estabelece uma taxa de câmbio específica para uma moeda em relação a outra, é indispensável, para a condução da política cambial, avaliar o volume de reservas internacionais adequado.

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  2. ✂️

207Q1011062 | História, Era Vargas 19301954, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Em relação ao governo Vargas (1930-1945), julgue o item subsequente.

Os institutos de aposentadoria e pensões foram fundados ainda no governo provisório de Vargas como forma de unificar o sistema de previdência social, sob a gestão do recém-criado Ministério do Trabalho.

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208Q1011104 | Geografia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

A teoria geopolítica do poder continental ou terrestre de Halford J. Mackinder busca compreender a influência da geografia nas relações políticas e na formação de Estados nacionais. Acerca dessa teoria, julgue o seguinte item.

Segundo Mackinder, o continente europeu, o Oriente Médio e a Ásia Central formam um cinturão territorial de controle do poder continental (Heartland), impedindo o avanço geopolítico de países como a Rússia e a China em direção à orla marítima euroasiática (Rimland) circundante.

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209Q1011107 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A lack of women at decision-making tables around the world is hindering progress when it comes to tackling conflicts or improving health and standard of living, the highest-ranking woman in the UN (United Nations) has said.

“We’re half the population. And what we bring to the table is incredibly important and it’s missing”, said Amina Mohammed, the UN deputy secretary general. “I think it’s why mostly our human development indices are so bad, why we have so many conflicts and we’re unable to come out of the conflicts.”

Since her appointment in 2017, Mohammed has been a constant voice in pushing back against the under-representation of women in politics, diplomacy and even the UN general assembly. Her efforts have helped cast a spotlight on the fact that women remain relegated to the margins of power around the world; last year the global proportion of female lawmakers stood at 26.9%, according to Switzerland’s Inter-Parliamentary Union.

Speaking to The Guardian, Mohammed said “flexing muscle and testosterone” often dominated at tables of power around the world. “This win, win, win at all costs — I think that would change if women were at the table”, she said.

She acknowledged that the world had seen a handful of female leaders who had not used their position to advocate for greater peace or conflict resolution. “Fair point, we see women in power and they’re sometimes the image of men”, she said. But she described it as unfair to judge women on an individual basis while they were still within the confines of a system dominated by men. “We don’t judge men that way.”

Mohammed highlighted how many parts of society still view women in power as “about taking away, rather than adding” value. “And we have to change that mentality”, she said.

“We kept looking at the Band-aid: put the women in office, let’s have affirmative action. And we never connected the dots for women themselves to build the constituencies and to go out and vote”, she said. “So we have to have a conversation with women first. Because if we’re doing this for women, should it not be by women?”

Ashifa Kassam. Lack of women at global tables of power hinders progress, says top UN official.
In: The Guardian, 19/6/2024. Internet:: <www.theguardian.com.> (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

In the sentence ‘We kept looking at the Band-aid: put the women in office, let’s have affirmative action’ (first sentence of the last paragraph), the verbs ‘put’ and “let’s have” express recommendations or suggestions previously made.

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  2. ✂️

210Q1011108 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A lack of women at decision-making tables around the world is hindering progress when it comes to tackling conflicts or improving health and standard of living, the highest-ranking woman in the UN (United Nations) has said.

“We’re half the population. And what we bring to the table is incredibly important and it’s missing”, said Amina Mohammed, the UN deputy secretary general. “I think it’s why mostly our human development indices are so bad, why we have so many conflicts and we’re unable to come out of the conflicts.”

Since her appointment in 2017, Mohammed has been a constant voice in pushing back against the under-representation of women in politics, diplomacy and even the UN general assembly. Her efforts have helped cast a spotlight on the fact that women remain relegated to the margins of power around the world; last year the global proportion of female lawmakers stood at 26.9%, according to Switzerland’s Inter-Parliamentary Union.

Speaking to The Guardian, Mohammed said “flexing muscle and testosterone” often dominated at tables of power around the world. “This win, win, win at all costs — I think that would change if women were at the table”, she said.

She acknowledged that the world had seen a handful of female leaders who had not used their position to advocate for greater peace or conflict resolution. “Fair point, we see women in power and they’re sometimes the image of men”, she said. But she described it as unfair to judge women on an individual basis while they were still within the confines of a system dominated by men. “We don’t judge men that way.”

Mohammed highlighted how many parts of society still view women in power as “about taking away, rather than adding” value. “And we have to change that mentality”, she said.

“We kept looking at the Band-aid: put the women in office, let’s have affirmative action. And we never connected the dots for women themselves to build the constituencies and to go out and vote”, she said. “So we have to have a conversation with women first. Because if we’re doing this for women, should it not be by women?”

Ashifa Kassam. Lack of women at global tables of power hinders progress, says top UN official.
In: The Guardian, 19/6/2024. Internet:: <www.theguardian.com.> (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.


In the excerpt ‘And we never connected the dots for women themselves to build the constituencies’ (second sentence of the last paragraph) the phrase ‘to build the constituencies’ functions as an adverb that modifies ‘connected’.

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  2. ✂️

211Q1011128 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
There is nothing inevitable about choices that are environmentally destructive. In 1800, there were indeed 550 steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills. Coal was more expensive than hydro power and many industrialists were not persuaded of its added value. It was the economic recession of 1825-1848 with increasing agitation by textile workers over salaries and conditions which made the use of coal-powered, steam-driven spinning machines a much more attractive proposition. More machines meant fewer workers and fewer workers meant fewer demands, notably for wage rises. Therefore, the substantial increase in CO2 emissions in Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century, which through economic competition, war and imperial domination would start a worldwide trend, was not the blind outcome of the machinery of ‘progress’ but the cumulative consequence of a set of very specific decisions taken by identifiable socio-economic actors.

Similarly, the notion that ecological awareness is only a very recent phenomenon where “humanity” finally woke up to the environmental consequences of its economic activities does not stand up to scrutiny. In the period from the beginnings of the industrial revolution to the decade when the movement towards fossil fuels use becomes more marked, awareness of the relationships between humans and their environment or the “natural world” was widespread. Environmental risks have been clearly and repeatedly signalled from the time of the industrial revolution onwards. The notion of an unthinking humanity bringing destruction upon itself does not bear up to examination.

Michael Cronin. Eco-Translation: translation and ecology in the
Age of the Anthropocene. New York: Routledge, 2017. p. 11-12 (adapted).

In relation to the previous text, judge the item that follow.

The point the author intends to make with the text is that environmental concerns began with the industrial revolution in Britain.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

212Q1011133 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community, increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be short-lived.

The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics, woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State. The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties. The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox and heterodox, my side and your side.

Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.

According to the preceding text, judge the following item.

The spiritual armor mentioned in the first sentence of the text can be correctly understood as the condition of literacy, which characterizes the notion of civilization adopted by the author.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

213Q1011134 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community, increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be short-lived.

The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics, woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State. The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties. The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox and heterodox, my side and your side.

Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.

According to the preceding text, judge the following item.

In the second sentence of the first paragraph, the expression “willy-nilly” indicates that civilizations easily generate more complex communities.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

214Q1012416 | História, Período EntreGuerras Totalitarismos, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

No que se refere a aspectos dos regimes fascistas e dos regimes autoritários, julgue o item subsequente.

Quando Hobsbawm denomina os fascistas de revolucionários da contrarrevolução, ele chama a atenção para a natureza paradoxal e complexa das estratégias e dos fins dos fascistas: para defender ideais reacionários, eles adotavam métodos que podiam ser considerados, no contexto, revolucionários.

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215Q1011184 | Economia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
As taxas de câmbio desempenham papel central nas transações internacionais ao permitirem que sejam comparados preços de mercadorias, capitais e serviços produzidos em diferentes países. Por isso, a política cambial, que define os regimes de taxas de câmbio, acaba condicionando as relações financeiras entre um país e o resto do mundo.

A partir do texto apresentado, julgue o item subsecutivo.

A condução da política cambial em um regime de câmbio flutuante ou administrado não tem impacto no dia a dia do cidadão comum.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

216Q1012405 | História, Processo de Independência e Movimentos Nativistas, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

No tocante a regimes fascistas e processos de independência no continente americano, julgue o item que se segue.

A chamada “lenda rosada” sobre o processo da independência brasileira, gestada ainda nos anos 1820 e propalada por parte da historiografia dos séculos XIX e XX, tentava esconder a existência de guerras e a efusão de sangue desse processo.

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  2. ✂️

217Q1011119 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Diplomacy is often described as an art, involving decisions shaped by sensitive political nuances that require human judgment, cultural understanding, and emotional intelligence — qualities that AI cannot fully replicate. While AI can support decision-making, it may also manipulate human behavior subtly, especially through systems developed in countries with different geopolitical priorities. This deepens the AI divide between technologically advanced and resource-limited nations, embedding linguistic and cultural biases and reinforcing global power asymmetries. As algorithms take their place alongside diplomats, the art of negotiation now meets the science of AI. The future of diplomacy must lie in fostering a symbiotic relationship where AI enhances human expertise, streamlines processes, and offers new strategic tools while leaving the nuanced art of diplomacy in human hands.

Diplomatic institutions adopting such technologies should also adopt guardrails to clarify how these systems inform decision-making. To ensure that AI systems function appropriately across diverse cultural contexts, adaptive and responsible AI frameworks should be integrated into policy discussions at the national and international levels. Crucially, any AI deployment must prioritise human agency. The goal must not be to automate diplomacy, but to augment it. AI’s incorporation into diplomacy offers both promise and peril. While the technology supports efficiency and expands access to information, it must be governed by strong ethical frameworks, particularly when it can shape global power relations through sensitive negotiations. Rather than embracing AI as a magic wand, it must be approached as a double-edged sword that is capable of assisting, but never replacing the unique human skills that diplomacy demands.

Anusha Guru. The Future of Diplomacy: AI’s Expanding Role in International Affairs.
In: Observer Research Foundation, 18/6/2025. Internet:<www.orfonline.org> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the ideas presented in the preceding text, as well as on its linguistic aspects.

The text suggests that, although AI can assist diplomats, it cannot fully replace the human qualities required in diplomacy.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

218Q1011121 | Inglês, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army of believers.

The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched. Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise. Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other ordeals settled criminal cases.

Few had any learning at all. What education there was back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics. They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors, and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified them. They though it was black magic.

The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?

Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed
Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.

According to the last paragraph of the text, the local population of the Arab shores was greatly frightened by the presence of the newcomers because nobody knew what their purpose was.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

219Q1012404 | História, Crise dos anos 70 e Desmonte do Welfare State, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

A respeito de processos históricos que se estabeleceram na segunda metade do século XX, julgue o item subsequente.

Em meados da década de 1970, começou a se desenhar uma mudança na economia mundial que, a partir de 1973 e por praticamente duas décadas, provocou, em escala global, uma crise de longo prazo cujo clímax ocorreu em princípios da década de 1980.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

220Q1011176 | Economia, Manhã e Tarde, Instituto Rio Branco, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A dívida externa de um país é um indicador importante que expressa as relações econômicas dele com credores estrangeiros. O Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), em seu papel de monitorar a liquidez e a solvência externa do sistema financeiro global e zelar por sua estabilidade, utiliza alguns indicadores para avaliar uma possível necessidade de fornecer assistência financeira ou mesmo de recomendar políticas.

Em relação aos indicadores de liquidez e de solvência externa, julgue o item que se segue.

A razão entre o serviço da dívida externa e as exportações mede a parcela das receitas de exportação utilizada para cobrir os pagamentos do principal, exceto juros, de maneira que um elevado índice não significa maior risco de superendividamento.

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