Questões de Concursos Segundo Semestre

ATO INSTITUCIONAL Nº 5, DE 13 DE DEZEMBRO DE 1968.

“O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA FEDERATIVA DO BRASIL,

ouvido o Conselho de Segurança Nacional,

(...) Resolve editar o seguinte:

(...)

Art. 4º- No interesse de preservar a Revolução, o Presidente da República, ouvido o Conselho de Segurança Nacional, e sem as limitações previstas na Constituição, poderá suspender os direitos políticos de quaisquer cidadãos pelo prazo de 10 anos e cassar mandatos eletivos federais, estaduais e municipais.

Parágrafo único - Aos membros dos Legislativos federal, estaduais e municipais, que tiverem seus mandatos cassados, não serão dados substitutos, determinando-se o quorum parlamentar em função dos lugares efetivamente preenchidos.

Art. 5º- A suspensão dos direitos políticos, com base neste Ato, importa, simultaneamente, em:

I - cessação de privilégio de foro por prerrogativa de função;

II - suspensão do direito de votar e de ser votado nas eleições sindicais;

III - proibição de atividades ou manifestação sobre assunto de natureza política;

IV - aplicação, quando necessária, das seguintes medidas de segurança:

a) liberdade vigiada;

b) proibição de freqüentar determinados lugares;

c) domicílio determinado; (…)

Art. 10º- Fica suspensa a garantia de habeas corpus, nos casos de crimes políticos, contra a segurança nacional, a ordem econômica e social e a economia popular.”

Retirado de: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/AIT/ait-05-68.htm. Acesso em 24/05/2017

TEXTO

Brazil has declared an end to its public health emergency over the Zika virus, 18 months after a surge in cases drew headlines around the world.

The mosquito-borne virus was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak revealed that Zika can lead to severe birth defects. One of those defects, microcephaly, causes babies to be born with skulls much smaller than expected.

Photos of babies with the defect spread panic around the globe as the virus was reported in dozens of countries. Many would-be travellers cancelled their trips to Zika-infected places. The concern spread even more widely when health officials said it could also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

The health scare came just as Brazil, the epicentre of the outbreak, was preparing to host the 2016 Olympics, fuelling concerns the Games could help spread the virus. One athlete, a Spanish wind surfer, said she got Zika while training in Brazil ahead ofthe Games.

In response to the outbreak, Brazil launched a mosquito-eradication campaign. The health ministry said those efforts have helped to dramatically reduce cases of Zika. Between January and mid-April, 95% fewer cases were recorded than during the same period last year. The incidence of microcephaly has fallen as well.

The World Health Organization (WHO) lifted its own international emergency in November, even while saying the virus remained a threat.

“The end of the emergency doesn’t mean the end of surveillance or assistance” to affected families, said Adeilson Cavalcante, the secretary for health surveillance at Brazil’s health ministry. “The health ministry and other organisations involved in this area will maintain a policy of fighting Zika, dengue and chikungunya.”

All three diseases are carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

But the WHO has warned that Zika is “here to stay,” even when cases of it fall off, and that fighting the disease will be an ongoing battle.

(Fonte: Associated Press, Friday 12 May 2017 10.18 BST. Last modified on Friday 12 May 2017 22.00 BST)

Abaixo segue um trecho do romance “Ninho de cobras”, do escritor Lêdo Ivo. Leia-o e, depois, responda ao que se pede na questão.

E, num fiapo de tempo, bem menor do que aquele em que um estilhaço de estrela resvala no céu escuro e cego, a raposa conheceu a morte, algo atordoador e fulgente que só poderia ser a morte, caso esta existisse em toda a sua absurda plenitude e dura magnificência, e não fosse apenas uma ficção ou um ponto de referência dos vivos deixados repentinamente de amar e odiar, demitidos de súbito de sua grandeza e miséria. Era a morte que, incandescente e perversa, a alcançava, alterando a sua inconfundível beleza animal, tumultuando-lhe o sangue, destruindo a sua ardente harmonia de movimentos, tornando vítrea a sua visão da manhã cristalina e fantasmagórica.

Desfigurada pelos golpes que os homens lhe haviam vibrado, ela ficou jazendo durante mais de uma hora sobre as pedras da rua. Era um montão de carnes e pelos informes e ensanguentados, e em torno dela se revezava um círculo de curiosos, cambiando os comentários mais variados. Quando o dia já clareava por completo, uma carroça de lixo parou perto do ajuntamento, e o cadáver da raposa foi jogado entre os monturos.

(IVO, Lêdo. Ninho de cobras: uma história mal contada. Maceió: Imprensa Oficial Graciliano Ramos, 2015, p. 21-22)

TEXTO 01

CAN TECH DELIVER A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR PLANET EARTH?

Sustainability means many things to many people, but it boils down to this: saving Planet Earth.

Mankind1 , as a species, has been too successful for its own good – the global population is estimate to top nine billion by 2050, according to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

As a result, there is already a strain2 on the planet’s essential natural resources, particularly food and water, which population growth can only aggravate.

Meanwhile, our demand for energy has directed to the plundering3 of the earth’s hydrocarbons oil, gas and coal, producing a catastrophic climate change. In a month-long series of features on the theme of sustainability, Technology of Business will be examining the main challenges facing businesses and asking whether technology – which got us into this mess in the first place – can help get us out.

Global megatrends are affecting the business environment

Most companies are already being affected by climate change today, directly or indirectly, says *CDP, a global not-for-profit organization specializing in measuring business environmental impact.

Extreme weather, drought and flooding can disrupt production capacity and affect supply chains for a whole range of businesses. For example, in a CDP survey of 70 European companies, 83% said they had operations in “water-stressed” regions, while 73% said water shortages posed risks to their own operations or those of their suppliers.

Considering an increasingly globalised economy, few businesses can isolate themselves from the impacts of climate change, population growth and resource reduction, says Emma Price-Thomas, head of sustainability strategy at charity Business in the Community.

“The world is changing very fast. Global megatrends are markedly affecting the business environment. If companies don’t address these and think longer-term, they may end up putting themselves out of business,” she argues.

A lot of technology and research is being directed towards reducing water usage an industrial processes and designing products that need less water to work, she says.

*CDP - Carbon Disclosure Project é uma organização que opera o sistema global de divulgação para que investidores, gerenciem seus impactos ambientais

Fonte: WALL, Matthew, BBC NEWS, 2 May 2014. Disponível em: http://www.bbc.com/news/business27208569. Adaptado. Acesso em: 6 abr. 2018.

1 ManKind: Humanidade

2 Strain:Tensão

3 Plundering: Pilhagem

TEXTO 01

CAN TECH DELIVER A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR PLANET EARTH?

Sustainability means many things to many people, but it boils down to this: saving Planet Earth.

Mankind1 , as a species, has been too successful for its own good – the global population is estimate to top nine billion by 2050, according to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

As a result, there is already a strain2 on the planet’s essential natural resources, particularly food and water, which population growth can only aggravate.

Meanwhile, our demand for energy has directed to the plundering3 of the earth’s hydrocarbons oil, gas and coal, producing a catastrophic climate change. In a month-long series of features on the theme of sustainability, Technology of Business will be examining the main challenges facing businesses and asking whether technology – which got us into this mess in the first place – can help get us out.

Global megatrends are affecting the business environment

Most companies are already being affected by climate change today, directly or indirectly, says *CDP, a global not-for-profit organization specializing in measuring business environmental impact.

Extreme weather, drought and flooding can disrupt production capacity and affect supply chains for a whole range of businesses. For example, in a CDP survey of 70 European companies, 83% said they had operations in “water-stressed” regions, while 73% said water shortages posed risks to their own operations or those of their suppliers.

Considering an increasingly globalised economy, few businesses can isolate themselves from the impacts of climate change, population growth and resource reduction, says Emma Price-Thomas, head of sustainability strategy at charity Business in the Community.

“The world is changing very fast. Global megatrends are markedly affecting the business environment. If companies don’t address these and think longer-term, they may end up putting themselves out of business,” she argues.

A lot of technology and research is being directed towards reducing water usage an industrial processes and designing products that need less water to work, she says.

*CDP - Carbon Disclosure Project é uma organização que opera o sistema global de divulgação para que investidores, gerenciem seus impactos ambientais

Fonte: WALL, Matthew, BBC NEWS, 2 May 2014. Disponível em: http://www.bbc.com/news/business27208569. Adaptado. Acesso em: 6 abr. 2018.

1 ManKind: Humanidade

2 Strain:Tensão

3 Plundering: Pilhagem