Questões de Concursos Segundo Semestre

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A COPA DO MUNDO NA RÚSSIA PODE SER A ÚLTIMA TENTATIVA DE UNIÃO NACIONAL

(1) Mais do que a principal competição do maior esporte no planeta, a Copa do Mundo deve ser considerada um evento político. Futebol é política, e vice-versa. Como instituição, é parte estrutural da formação de diversos povos e sua cultura, contribuindo para a formatação de seus costumes, de suas marcas, hábitos, vocabulário. Quem ignora o papel do futebol, na formação histórica de algumas nações, pouco entende da antropologia social e cultural delas -  e nisso estamos inclusos. As seleções nacionais são representantes de seus países muito mais importantes e reconhecidas do que o melhor dos embaixadores. E a Copa, o único espaço pelo qual países frágeis na economia e geopolítica mundial podem derrotar países muito à frente nesses aspectos.

(2) Como Diego Maradona sempre gosta de lembrar, a seleção argentina, na Copa de 1986, entrou em campo contra a Inglaterra, pelas quartas de finais, para jogar pelos mortos na Guerra das Malvinas, e não simplesmente para ganhar um jogo. Isso não era restrito apenas aos jogadores: era o sentimento nacional de todos os argentinos. E, quando questionado sobre o gol de mão que abriu o placar na partida, El Pibe não teve dúvidas sobre a sensação: “Foi como bater a carteira de um inglês”.

(3) Na França, a vitória na Copa de 1998 ajudou a amenizar o conflito racial que pairava na nação - entre brancos, negros e árabes - e a derrota nas duas Copas seguintes o acirrou novamente. A Copa do Mundo também foi capaz de colocar no mesmo espaço de disputa o que um dos muros mais implacáveis da história separava: em 1974, Alemanha Ocidental e Alemanha Oriental se enfrentaram pela primeira fase, com vitória da ala soviética (que muitos afirmam ter sido entregue pela parte capitalista para evitar adversário mais forte na fase seguinte). Momento épico.

(4) Copa traz integração. A última vez que a Champs-Élysées tinha enchido tanto quanto na final da Copa de 98 foi na Queda da Bastilha. Na Copa de 2014, o esboço que vimos disso não aconteceu nos estádios, elitizados, mas sim nas fan-fests, que, como o próprio nome diz, foram espaços de festa, miscelânea, diversidade. Mas é muito maior do que isso: Copa traz a união comunitária. A gente não trabalha, a gente pinta a rua de casa, a gente compra camisa do Neymar ou do Ronaldinho ou do Ronaldo ou do Romário. Na hora do gol ou da vitória, a gente abraça até quem não conhece. Muitas vezes, uma televisãozinha é o suficiente para que toda a vizinhança se amontoe e torça pela sua representante internacional naquele momento. O País se volta, inteirinho, para um momento em que 11 homens são capazes de mudar, a qualquer instante, todo o seu sistema nervoso. E quem sequer reconhece isso tem que revisar seu próprio elitismo e sair da bolha.

PROIETE, Gabriel. A Copa do Mundo na Rússia pode ser a última tentativa de união nacional. Disponível em: < https://medium.com/@gabriel_proiete/a-copa-do-mundo-da-r%C3%BAssia-pode-ser-a- %C3%BAltima-tentativa-de-uni%C3%A3o-nacional-8aa3a939ed53 >. Acesso em: 07 maio 2018 (adaptado).

Anna Karenina

By Leo Tolstoy - PART ONE - Chapter 1

Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

Everything was in confusion in the Oblonskys’ house. The wife had discovered that the husband was carrying on an intrigue with a French girl, who had been a governess in their family, and she had announced to her husband that she could not go on living in the same house with him. This position of affairs had now lasted three days, and not only the husband and wife themselves, but all the members of their family and household, were painfully conscious of it. Every person in the house felt that there was no sense in their living together, and that the stray people brought together by chance in any inn had more in common with one another than they, the members of the family and household of the Oblonskys. The wife did not leave her own room, the husband had not been at home for three days. The children ran wild all over the house; the English governess quarreled with the housekeeper, and wrote to a friend asking her to look out for a new situation for her; the man-cook had walked off the day before just at dinner time; the kitchen-maid, and the coachman had given warning.

1994, Ramdom House, Inc.

So You Want to Be a Space Tourist? Here Are Your Options

by Adam Mann / Jul.21.2017 /11:30 AM ET

Though we’ve been living in the Space Age for more than half a century, going into space remains an extreme rarity. Fewer than 600 people have gone above the Kármán line — the point, about 62 miles above Earth, that marks the beginning of space — and all were put there by the U.S. or another nation's government.

But the rise of private spaceflight companies like Virgin Galactic and Space X means that the final frontier may soon be within reach of a great many more of us. The firms have announced plans to put private astronauts, a.k.a. space tourists, on orbital or suborbital flights within the next few years.

Initially, the cost of a ride on one of these rockets will be hundreds of thousands of dollars at a minimum. That puts the experience within reach of only the wealthiest people. But advances in rocket and capsule design are expected to lower the price to the point that people of more modest fortunes are able to afford a ticket.

Some projections put the global space tourism market at approximately $34 billion by 2021.

What Space Tourists Can Expect

What exactly is in store for space tourists? The excitement of a rocket ride and a chance to experience weightlessness, for starters. And the bragging rights are hard to beat. But some say the biggest benefit of going into space is getting a dramatic new outlook on life on the fragile blue marble we call home. It’s a perspective shift that could have profound implications not just for individuals but also for society at large.

“I personally believe the planetary perspective is going to be crucial to solving humanity’s biggest challenges over the next century,” says Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides. “I’m inspired that we’ll take people up so they can experience that view, which is said to change your world view in a fundamental way.”

Adapted from: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/so-you-want-be-space-tourist-here-are-your-options-ncna784166

Glossary

weightlessness: ausência de peso; bragging rights: direito de gabar-se; to afford: poder comprar.

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5 Ways to Boost Your Resilience at Work

Since the pace and intensity of contemporary work culture are not likely to change, it’s more important than ever to build resilience skills to effectively navigate your worklife. While working as a CEO I’ve seen over and over again that the most resilient individuals aren’t the ones that don’t fail, but rather the ones that fail, learn and thrive1 because of it.

Resilience is built by attitudes, behaviors and social supports that can be adopted and cultivated by anyone. Factors that lead to resilience include optimism and the ability to stay balanced and manage difficult emotions. To build resilience skills at work it’s important to understand and manage some of the factors that cause us to feel so stressed at work. Being hyperconnected and responsive to work anytime, anywhere, can be extremely onerous.

The current and rising levels of stress in the workplace should be cause for concern, as there is a direct and adverse relationship between negative stress, wellness and productivity. Stress that causes us to experience difficulty or unhealthy strain is a major cause for concern as it directly and adversely affects personal and business success. Here are some tips on how to develop resilience and stay motivated:

Exercise mindfulness – Turn your attention to mental training practices associated with mindfulness to improve your judgment accuracy and problem solving, job performance and cognitive flexibility.

Compartmentalize your cognitive load – Create dedicated times in the day to do specific work-related activities and not others.

Take detachment2 breaks – Step away from work for even a few minutes to reset energy and attention. Balancing work activity can promote greater energy, mental clarity, creativity and focus.

Develop mental agility – Decenter stress: step back, reflect, shift perspectives, create options and choose wisely.

Cultivate compassion – Create positive work relationships, increase cooperation and collaboration, happiness and well-being to decrease stress.

<https://tinyurl.com/ycvtxc4v> Acesso em: 04.03.2018. Adaptado.

Glossário:
(1) Thrive: prosperar, desenvolver, ter sucesso.
(2) Detachment: descolamento, distanciamento, separação.