Questões de Concursos Inglês

Texto para as questões de 38 a 40

In 1993, the dawn of the Internet age, the liberating anonymity of the online world was captured in a wellknown New Yorker cartoon. One dog, sitting at a computer, tells another: "On the Internet, nobody knows you?re a dog." Fifteen years later, that anonymity is gone. 

Questions 41 and 42

Read the text below to answer questions 41 and 42:

Guide Dogs

During World War I, a doctor at a German hospital was treating a blind patient when a fact called his attention. The doctor left his dog with the patient and when he returned he noticed the positive way that man and dog were interacting. He concluded that such dogs could be trained to assist blind people and started to teach the animals to do just that. Dorothy Eustis, a wealthy American dog trainer, heard of these guide dogs, hired some of the German trainers and opened an institute in New Jersey to make this use of the dogs widespread.
(Fonte:Adapted from http://twotrees.www.50megs.com)

Read text II and answer questions 37 to 40.

TEXT II


If you think that theres something oddly familiar about
descriptions of social media, it may be that you recall some of
the discussions in the 1990s about what the web would
become. And many of its emerging manifestations are close to
the idealistic imaginings from that time. A good way to think
about social media is that all of this is actually just about being
human beings. Sharing ideas, cooperating and collaborating to
create art, thinking and commerce, vigorous debate and
discourse, finding people who might be good friends, allies and
lovers its what our species has built several civilisations on.
Thats why it is spreading so quickly, not because its great
shiny, whizzy new technology, but because it lets us be
ourselves only more so. And it is in the more so that the
power of this revolution lies. People can find information,
inspiration, like-minded people,communities and collaborators
faster than ever before. New ideas, services, business models
and technologies emerge and evolve at dizzying speed in social
media.

(http://www.icrossing.co.uk/fileadmin/uploads}
/eBooks/What_is_social_media_Nov_2007.pdf
 

Passwords to be replaced by Web Authentication

It looks iike login usernames and passwords are on __(I)__ way out. No longer will we have to worry about the security of __(II)__ login credentiais. They are set to be replaced by an infinitely more secure login system known as Web Authentication. Web Authentication has become an official standard for logging in at the main Internet standards body, the World Wide Web Consortium (WWWC). It is a system that will be universally used by web browsers and platforms for simpier and stronger authentication processes. It will allow website users to iog in securely to their online accounts using a digital device, biometrics (such as fingerprints and facial recognition) or USB security keys.

The WWWC spoke about the days of passwords being numbered. A spokesperson said: "lt’s common knowledge that passwords have outlived their efficacy. Not only are stoien, weak or default passwords behind 81 per cent of data breaches, they are a drain of time and resources." It added: "Now is the time for web Services and businesses to adopt Web Authentication to move beyond vulnerable passwords and help web users improve the security of their online experiences," Web Authentication means users are at less risk of having their passwords and credentiais stoien. This is because login authentication is achieved via physicai vices or biometrics from our body.

              <https://breakingnewsenglish.eom/1904/190401 -webauthentication.html>

As questões 75 a 78 referem–se ao texto a seguir.

In recent years there have been suggestions that, instead of raising sheep, Australia should be raising kangaroos, which (unlike sheep) are native Australian species that are adapted to Australian plants and climates. It is claimed that the soft paws of kangaroos are less damaging to soil than are the hard hooves of sheep. Kangaroo meat is lean, healthy, and (in my opinion) absolutely delicious. In addition to their meat, kangaroos yield valuable hides¹. All of those points are cited as arguments to support replacing sheep herding with kangaroo ranching.
However, that proposal faces real obstacles, both biological and cultural ones. Unlike sheep, kangaroos are not herd animals that will docilely obey one shepherd and a dog, or that can be rounded up and marched obediently up ramps into trucks for shipment to the slaughterhouse. Instead, kangaroo ranchers have to hire hunters to chase down and shoot their kangaroos one by one. Further problems with kangaroos are their mobility and ability to jump fences: if you invest in promoting growth of a kangaroo population on your property, and if your kangaroos perceive some inducement to move (such as rain falling somewhere els(E), your valuable crop of kangaroos may end up 30 miles away on somebody else?s property. Kangaroo meat is accepted in Germany and some is exported there, but the sale of kangaroo meat faces cultural obstacles elsewhere. For Australians, kangaroo meat has little appeal, and they continue to prefer their more traditional types of meat, especially lamb and beef. Many Australian animal welfare advocates oppose kangaroo harvesting, not taking into consideration the fact that living conditions and slaughter methods are much crueler for domestic sheep and cattle than for wild kangaroos. The U.S. explicitly forbids the importation of kangaroo meat because we find the beasts cute, and because a congressman?s wife heard that kangaroos are endangered. Some kangaroo species are indeed endangered, but ironically the species actually harvested for meat are abundant pest animals in Australia.

(DIAMOND, J. Collapse. New York: Penguin, 2005. Adaptado) ¹ hides = skins