Questões de Concursos Inglês

It has become clear that preventive diplomacy is only one
of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from
turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive
deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive
humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a
refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive
peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of
possible actions in the political, economic and social fields,
applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.
All these preventive actions share the following
characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of
conflict exists; they require information about the causes and
likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate
preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent
of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive
action is to take place.

The element of timing iscrucial. The potential conflict
should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also
an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping.
The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the
prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is
prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the
patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment
and the physician who prescribed it is compromised.

Internet: (with adaptations).

    Recent corporate s, such as EBS International and Société Générale, have brought about renewed scrutiny into corporate governance mechanisms. Given the pervasiveness of Information Technology (IT) in many organizations, the examination of corporate governance mechanisms also includes IT governance mechanisms. IT governance is defined as “a structure of relationships and processes to direct and control the enterprise in order to achieve the enterprise’s goals by adding value while balancing risk versus return over IT and its processes”.
    In light of increased public awareness, professional bodies such as the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) have undertaken a number of steps to provide guidance in the implementation of effective IT governance. The approach taken by ISACA appears to be largely based upon two concepts. The first concept relates to increasing the awareness of issues and concepts relating to IT governance in the public domain. The second concept involves the provision of guidelines and the identification of best-practice IT governance mechanisms. Interestingly, the effectiveness of these best-practice mechanisms in improving IT governance is largely based upon conceptual arguments. As such, it becomes important to ascertain if these best-practice mechanisms do impact upon the level of IT governance.
    As IT escalates in terms of importance and pervasiveness in the operations of firms, it is inexorably tied to specific mechanisms that are prescribed for good corporate governance, most notably, a sound system of internal controls. Accordingly, effective IT governance is a critical underpinning for a system of good corporate governance that minimizes agency losses for a firm.
Internet: < http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com > (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

One frequently overlooked area in planning is technical
reviews and inspections. A technical review requires substantial
preparation on the part of the presenters. Documents must be
published and distributed and presentation material organized and
made into slides or overheads. Practice sessions are conducted by
presenters with an audience of critics to prepare for the review.
The reviewers should read the material, attend the
presentations, and write reports. On large projects with many
reviews and walk-throughs involving many participants, a
substantial number of labor hours can be consumed analyzing
documents, attending meetings, and writing reports. For example,
a system design review for one module or unit can require 150
labor hours. When overlooked, this labor can result in a very
large error in resource and schedule estimation.
Many projects include risk assessment and risk
management as a key part of the planning process and expect the
plan toidentify specific risk areas. The plan is expected to
quantify both probability of failure and consequences of failure
and to describe what will be done to contain development risk.

A. Behforooz and F. Hudson. Software engineering
fundamentals. Ed. Oxford (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following items.

Atenção: Considere o texto abaixo para responder às questões de números 51 a 60