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Questões de Concursos Inglês

Resolva questões de Inglês comentadas com gabarito, online ou em PDF, revisando rapidamente e fixando o conteúdo de forma prática.

4561Q1020085 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Edital n 36, USP, FUVEST, 2025

Texto associado.
Leveraging Student Interests to Teach Critical Analysis


Critical analysis often feels burdensome to students—an exercise in sorting hazy ideas with no clear payoff. Yet, when learners glimpse something of value—a “gem” amid the clutter—the process becomes not just manageable but invigorating. By tapping into topics they already care about, we can model the habits of mind involved in deep thinking before guiding students into unfamiliar territory. In this way, what begins as an exploration of personal passion becomes a transferable skill for any subject.

First, invite students to choose a subject that genuinely interests them—whether it’s dissecting the social commentary in a favorite song or debating the ethics of a beloved athlete’s off-field behavior. Guide them through selecting an analytical angle, unpacking layers of meaning, and celebrating discoveries. As they experience critical analysis as an energizing process rather than a dry requirement, they build confidence in their own intellectual curiosity and learn to seek connections between ideas.

Next, when faced with assignments that initially seem remote—say, an art critique or a historical essay—provide a lens that resonates with each student’s strengths. A budding fiction writer, for example, can approach a painting as she would a story: considering character, narrative arc, and emotional impact. By framing unfamiliar topics through familiar mindsets, you grant students an entry point that makes critical analysis feel both relevant and compelling.

Once students have internalized the underlying process, encourage them to take the reins. Rather than asking, “What does this mean?” shift to, “What does this mean to me?” Students might analyze ecological themes in a novel from their passion for climate justice, or reinterpret a political speech through the lens of family heritage. These personal connections transform assignments from obligatory tasks into opportunities for authentic inquiry.

Ultimately, teaching critical analysis in this way moves learners from guided practice to independent exploration. By beginning with their interests, scaffolding new angles, and then inviting student-driven investigations, educators can help every learner—from the avid gamer to the reluctant essaywriter—carry these skills into diverse subjects. In doing so, critical analysis becomes not a chore but a doorway to richer understanding.


Edutopia, May, 1st, 2025
Leia o excerto a seguir que apresenta um resumo, em inglês, do texto original:

“After modeling the analysis process through students’ interests and providing familiar lenses for new topics, the author suggests that in the final stage, students independently apply this method to subjects previously unknown to them.”

Em relação ao trecho apresentado, qual das situações descritas a seguir melhor exemplifica o estágio em que o aluno “tome o controle” do próprio processo de aprendizagem?
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4562Q1022393 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Prefeitura de Pinhalzinho SC, FEPESE, 2024

Texto associado.

Text 1


Companies know how we think



Companies can now find out exactly how you think through the science of neuromarketing. Advertisers are currently collaborating with scientists to test their products directly on our brains. Some experts believe that one in ten TV commercials have already been designed using neuromarketing.


The reasons are obvious. The technique allows companies to discover exactly what people like about their products. For example, when we eat a type of potato chip, it may be the color, the flavor, or the pleasant noise it makes when you crunch it in your mouth that we like most.


In order ............ tap into what’s going ............ in consumers’ brains, it all begins ............ laboratories and office buildings.


Groups of volunteers submit themselves to a simple process. Wearing a special headset called an electrode cap, they watch commercials or test products. The caps allow researchers to monitor brain activity. When something attracts the attention of the volunteers, this is highlighted on a computer. They literally use this device to read the minds of their volunteers. This may sound a little scary, but advertisers are just tap-ping into our existing thoughts and desires. And that’s what advertisers have always tried to do.


Previously, companies would give people a survey or questionnaire to complete in order to research their customers. The problem was that people didn’t always tell the truth. They may not want to be critical of a product or advertisement because they don’t want to upset the interviewer. The electrode cap overcomes this problem. It shows when someone really is interested in something.


Neuromarketing is also used to develop packaging for the world’s most famous brands. The aim is to make their products stand out in a busy marketplace. This will become standard as more companies capitalize on the technology. With millions invested in advertising, companies simply cannot afford to hope that their ads and products will be a success. If they can find out what we think first, and change their products to make them more successful, they will quickly pay off the high cost of neuromarketing and dominate their market.

According to the author of Text 1, neuromarketing:
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4563Q1024441 | Inglês, Pronomes Pronouns, Anatomia Patológica Veterinária, UFF, UFF, 2025

Texto associado.
How the Human Body Changes in Space


For years, TRISH (The Translational Research Institute for Space Health) has supported research projects and studies that aim to solve the challenges of human exploration in space. It is important that we know, first, the risks to human health during space travel. Understanding some of these risks (see below) is essential for a successful return to the moon in NASA’s Artemis missions.

Muscles

Astronauts experience decreased muscle mass, strength, and endurance because moving around requires reduced work from the legs and back. As a result, the muscles can begin to weaken or atrophy. To help combat this, astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) have a strict exercise regime.

Neurological

In space missions, astronauts can experience disorientation, space motion sickness, and a loss of sense of direction, making completion of even basic tasks difficult. In an emergency, decreased sensorimotor function and postural stability could be dangerous.

Cardiovascular

In space, astronauts may face decreases in blood volume and aerobic capacity, while also experiencing increased arrhythmias. Although the cardiovascular system functions well in space, the body does not require as much work from the heart (still a muscle, after all) in microgravity. This could lead to deconditioning and a decrease in the size of the heart.


Available at: https://www.bcm.edu/academiccenters/space-medicine. Access: 30 Dec. 2023. Adapted.
“This, in the sentence “This could lead to deconditioning and a decrease in the size of the heart” (last paragraph), refers to the fact that:
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4564Q938171 | Inglês, Primeiro e Segundo Dia, ENEM, INEP

One of the things that made an incredible impression on me in the film was Frida’s comfort in and celebration of her own unique beauty. She didn’t try to fit into conventional ideas or images about womanhood or what makes someone or something beautiful. Instead, she fully inhabited her own unique gifts, not particularly caring what other people thought. She was magnetic and beautiful in her own right. She painted for years, not to be a commercial success or to be discovered, but to express her own inner pain, joy, family, love and culture. She absolutely and resolutely was who she was. The trueness of her own unique vision and her ability to stand firmly in her own truth was what made her successful in the end.

HUTZLER, L. Disponível em: www.etbscreenwriting.com. Acesso em: 6 maio 2013.

A autora desse comentário sobre o filme Frida mostra-se impressionada com o fato de a pintora

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4565Q1023419 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Passos MG, Instituto Access, 2023

Texto associado.
11.30.2023

City lawmakers in Brazil have enacted what appears to be the nation’s first legislation written entirely by artificial intelligence (AI) — even if they didn’t know it at the time.

The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy.

Rosário told The Associated Press that he asked OpenAI’s chatbot ChatGPT to craft a proposal to prevent the city from charging taxpayers to replace water consumption meters if they are stolen. He then presented it to his 35 peers on the council without making a single change or even letting them know about its unprecedented origin. The 36-member council approved it unanimously and the ordinance went into effect on Nov. 23.

The arrival of ChatGPT on the marketplace just a year ago has sparked a global debate on the impacts of potentially revolutionary AI-powered chatbots. While some see it as a promising tool, it has also caused concerns and anxiety about the unintended or undesired impacts of a machine handling tasks currently performed by humans.

Porto Alegre, with a population of 1.3 million, is the second-largest city in Brazil’s south. The city’s council president, Hamilton Sossmeier, found out that Rosário had enlisted ChatGPT to write the proposal when the councilman bragged about the achievement on social media. Sossmeier initially told local media he thought it was a “dangerous precedent.”

The AI large language models that power chatbots like ChatGPT work by repeatedly trying to guess the next word in a sentence and are prone to making up false information, a phenomenon sometimes called hallucination.

All chatbots sometimes introduce false information when summarizing a document, ranging from about 3% of the time for the most advanced GPT model to a rate of about 27% for one of Google’s models, according to recently published research by the tech company Vectara.

In an article published on the website of Harvard Law School’s Center of Legal Profession earlier this year, Andrew Perlman, wrote that ChatGPT “is a machine learning system, it may not have the same level of understanding and judgment as a human lawyer when it comes to interpreting legal principles and precedent. This could lead to problems in situations where a more in-depth legal analysis is required”.

There was no such transparency for Rosário’s proposal in Porto Alegre. Sossmeier said Rosário did not inform fellow council members that ChatGPT had written the proposal.

Rosário told the AP his objective was also to spark a debate. He said he entered a 49-word prompt into ChatGPT and it returned the full draft proposal within seconds, including justifications.

And the council president, who initially decried the method, already appears to have been swayed. “I changed my mind,” Sossmeier said. “I started to read more in depth and saw that, unfortunately or fortunately, this is going to be a trend.”


( (<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/brazil-artificial-intelligenceporto-alegre/9f576ecc-8fb2-11ee-95e1-edd75d825df0_story.htm>(adapted))
From the sentence, “And the council president, who initially decried the method, already appears to have been swayed”, it is possible to say that the attitudes of the council president were not
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4566Q938172 | Inglês, Primeiro e Segundo Dia, ENEM, INEP

British Government to Recruit Teens as Next Generation of Spies

In the 50 years since the first James Bond movie created a lasting impression of a British secret agent, a completely different character is about to emerge. Britain’s intelligence agencies are to recruit their next generation of cyber spies by harnessing the talents of the “Xbox generation”.

In an expansion of a pilot program, Foreign Secretary William Hague announced Thursday that up to 100 18-year-olds will be given the chance to train for a career in Britain’s secret services. The move to recruit school-leavers marks a break with the past, when agencies mainly drew their staff from among university graduates.

“Young people are the key to our country’s future success, just as they were during the War”, Hague said. “Today we are not at war, but I see evidence every day of deliberate, organized attacks against intellectual property and government networks in the United Kingdom.”

The new recruitment program, called the Single Intelligence Account apprenticeship scheme will enable students with suitable qualifications in science, technology or engineering, to spend two years learning about communications, security and engineering through formal education, technical training and work placements.

JEARY, P. Disponível em: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2012.

Segundo informações veiculadas pela NBC News, a geração digital já tem seu espaço conquistado nas agências britânicas de inteligência. O governo britânico decidiu que

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4567Q1022396 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Prefeitura de Pinhalzinho SC, FEPESE, 2024

Texto associado.

Text 1


Companies know how we think



Companies can now find out exactly how you think through the science of neuromarketing. Advertisers are currently collaborating with scientists to test their products directly on our brains. Some experts believe that one in ten TV commercials have already been designed using neuromarketing.


The reasons are obvious. The technique allows companies to discover exactly what people like about their products. For example, when we eat a type of potato chip, it may be the color, the flavor, or the pleasant noise it makes when you crunch it in your mouth that we like most.


In order ............ tap into what’s going ............ in consumers’ brains, it all begins ............ laboratories and office buildings.


Groups of volunteers submit themselves to a simple process. Wearing a special headset called an electrode cap, they watch commercials or test products. The caps allow researchers to monitor brain activity. When something attracts the attention of the volunteers, this is highlighted on a computer. They literally use this device to read the minds of their volunteers. This may sound a little scary, but advertisers are just tap-ping into our existing thoughts and desires. And that’s what advertisers have always tried to do.


Previously, companies would give people a survey or questionnaire to complete in order to research their customers. The problem was that people didn’t always tell the truth. They may not want to be critical of a product or advertisement because they don’t want to upset the interviewer. The electrode cap overcomes this problem. It shows when someone really is interested in something.


Neuromarketing is also used to develop packaging for the world’s most famous brands. The aim is to make their products stand out in a busy marketplace. This will become standard as more companies capitalize on the technology. With millions invested in advertising, companies simply cannot afford to hope that their ads and products will be a success. If they can find out what we think first, and change their products to make them more successful, they will quickly pay off the high cost of neuromarketing and dominate their market.

Read the sentences below about the text.

1. The research about new products cost an enormous amount of money.

2. Neuromarketing is only used to develop famous brands.

3. ‘Caps’ were used by volunteers to watch commercials or test products.

4. The problem with old-fashioned research was that people were not always truthful in their responses.

Choose the option that contains the correct statments.

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4568Q946112 | Inglês, Segundo Semestre, FATEC, FATEC, 2018

Texto associado.

eia o texto para responder à questão.

5 Ways to Boost Your Resilience at Work

Since the pace and intensity of contemporary work culture are not likely to change, it’s more important than ever to build resilience skills to effectively navigate your worklife. While working as a CEO I’ve seen over and over again that the most resilient individuals aren’t the ones that don’t fail, but rather the ones that fail, learn and thrive1 because of it.

Resilience is built by attitudes, behaviors and social supports that can be adopted and cultivated by anyone. Factors that lead to resilience include optimism and the ability to stay balanced and manage difficult emotions. To build resilience skills at work it’s important to understand and manage some of the factors that cause us to feel so stressed at work. Being hyperconnected and responsive to work anytime, anywhere, can be extremely onerous.

The current and rising levels of stress in the workplace should be cause for concern, as there is a direct and adverse relationship between negative stress, wellness and productivity. Stress that causes us to experience difficulty or unhealthy strain is a major cause for concern as it directly and adversely affects personal and business success. Here are some tips on how to develop resilience and stay motivated:

Exercise mindfulness – Turn your attention to mental training practices associated with mindfulness to improve your judgment accuracy and problem solving, job performance and cognitive flexibility.

Compartmentalize your cognitive load – Create dedicated times in the day to do specific work-related activities and not others.

Take detachment2 breaks – Step away from work for even a few minutes to reset energy and attention. Balancing work activity can promote greater energy, mental clarity, creativity and focus.

Develop mental agility – Decenter stress: step back, reflect, shift perspectives, create options and choose wisely.

Cultivate compassion – Create positive work relationships, increase cooperation and collaboration, happiness and well-being to decrease stress.

<https://tinyurl.com/ycvtxc4v> Acesso em: 04.03.2018. Adaptado.

Glossário:
(1) Thrive: prosperar, desenvolver, ter sucesso.
(2) Detachment: descolamento, distanciamento, separação.

Segundo o texto, o crescente nível de estresse no trabalho
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4569Q947906 | Inglês, Primeira Fase OAB, EBMSP, EBMSP, 2018

Texto associado.
Questão

Big U.S. tobacco companies are all developing e-cigarettes. The battery-powered gadgets feature a glowing tip and a heating element that turns liquid nicotine and flavorings into a cloud of vapor that users inhale. Some past research has suggested that using e-cigarettes may help smokers cut down on use of traditional tobacco products, or even transition entirely away from tobacco – an idea aggressively marketed by e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
But a recent European study says that smokers who also use e-cigarettes may be half as likely to give up tobacco as smokers who never vape at all.
Researchers analyzed data from a 2014 survey of more than 13,000 current or former smokers in the European Union. About 2,500 had tried vaping at least once; 46% of the participants were former smokers and 19% currently or previously used e-cigarettes. The study revealed that people smoked an average of about 14 cigarettes a day when they didn’t vape, and around 16 cigarettes a day when they did.
“This is important because e-cigarettes are widely promoted as a smoking cessation tool”, said senior author Stanton Glantz of California, San Francisco. “And, while there is no question that some smokers do successfully quit with e-cigarettes, they keep many more people smoking”, he added.
“Most adult smokers express a desire to quit, and many try and fail”, said Samir Soneji, a health policy researcher in New Hampshire. “E-cigarettes might seem like an appealing cessation tool because the devices in some ways mimic the smoking, but nicotine gum or patches may be more effective.”

RAPAPORT, Lisa. Disponível em: <http://www.foxnews.com>. Acesso em: abr. 2018. Adaptado.
About e-cigarettes, it’s correct to say that they
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4570Q1023430 | Inglês, Substantivos e Compostos Nouns And Compounds, T I, CREA GO, Quadrix, 2023

Texto associado.
Agronomy looks at agriculture from an integrated, holistic perspective. Agronomists are specialists in crop and soil science, as well as ecology. Some things they look at are:


•the properties of the soil;
• how the soil interacts with the growing crop;
• what nutrients (fertilizers) the crop needs;
• when and how to apply these nutrients;
• the ways that crops grow and develop;
• how climate and other environmental factors affect the crop at all stages;
• how best to control weeds, insects, fungi, and other crop pests; and,
• how to grow crops effectively and profitably while conserving and protecting the environment.



Internet: <www.agronomy.org> (with adaptations).
According to the text, judge the item from.

Agronomists need to pay attention to the growth and development of the crops.

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4571Q1022153 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Disciplina Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Aracaju SE, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.

Professores de inglês têm uma variedade de abordagens de ensino à sua disposição para incluir em seu repertório. Cada método evoluiu ao longo do tempo, influenciado por teorias linguísticas, abordagens pedagógicas, eventos culturais e avanços tecnológicos. Na busca por instrução eficaz de idiomas, abordagens/métodos populares emergiram ao longo dos anos, enfatizando diferentes aspectos da aprendizagem de idiomas e atendendo a diversas necessidades dos aprendizes.


Cada abordagem tem seus próprios prós e contras, e nenhum método é universalmente considerado superior aos outros em todos os contextos de ensino. A instrução moderna de idiomas envolve uma “abordagem eclética”, uma combinação de métodos, adaptada aos níveis de proficiência dos aprendizes, objetivos de aprendizagem específicos e origens culturais.


Internet: <aprendebrasil.com.br> (com adaptações).

Considerando as diversas abordagens/métodos mais conhecidas no ensino de língua estrangeira, julgue o seguinte item.

O ensino comunicativo de línguas (communicative language teaching) enfatiza a precisão gramatical e o aprendizado de regras formais, focando mais na leitura e na escrita do que na comunicação verbal.

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4572Q1022154 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Disciplina Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Aracaju SE, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.

Professores de inglês têm uma variedade de abordagens de ensino à sua disposição para incluir em seu repertório. Cada método evoluiu ao longo do tempo, influenciado por teorias linguísticas, abordagens pedagógicas, eventos culturais e avanços tecnológicos. Na busca por instrução eficaz de idiomas, abordagens/métodos populares emergiram ao longo dos anos, enfatizando diferentes aspectos da aprendizagem de idiomas e atendendo a diversas necessidades dos aprendizes.


Cada abordagem tem seus próprios prós e contras, e nenhum método é universalmente considerado superior aos outros em todos os contextos de ensino. A instrução moderna de idiomas envolve uma “abordagem eclética”, uma combinação de métodos, adaptada aos níveis de proficiência dos aprendizes, objetivos de aprendizagem específicos e origens culturais.


Internet: <aprendebrasil.com.br> (com adaptações).

Considerando as diversas abordagens/métodos mais conhecidas no ensino de língua estrangeira, julgue o seguinte item.

O método direto (direct method) evita o uso do idioma nativo do aluno por meio de tradução e exercícios de preenchimento de lacunas para ensinar gramática e vocabulário.

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4573Q1022666 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Edital n 10, Prefeitura de Itapoá SC, Prefeitura de Itapoá SC, 2025

De acordo com a BNCC, o ensino de Inglês no Ensino Fundamental tem como principal objetivo:
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4574Q1024714 | Inglês, Palavras Conectivas Connective Words, Língua Inglesa, SEE PB, IDECAN, 2025

Choose the sentence that presents correctly the sequential discourse marker.
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4575Q1024974 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Edital n 46, USP, FUVEST, 2025

Texto associado.
Extraterrestrial tongues


The challenge of imagining alien communication is highlighted in the film Arrival (2016), where linguists confront a language strikingly different from any on Earth. While fictional alien languages like Klingon (Star Trek) often resemble human languages with variations in sound or syntax, the possibilities for extraterrestrial tongues are far more diverse. To truly grasp the potential for alien linguistic systems, we must consider the fundamental components of language itself: signs, structure, semantics, and pragmatics.

The first level, signs, encompasses the means of expression, which could extend beyond spoken words and written symbols to include gestures, smells (as in animal communication), or even electrical impulses. Structure, the second level, involves the organization of language, including grammar and syntax. While we might initially assume alien languages would share structural similarities with our own, they could radically differ, potentially lacking familiar elements like nouns or verbs, or employing entirely novel grammatical categories, perhaps akin to the way maps convey information.

Semantics, the third level, deals with meaning. Here, the problem of untranslatability arises. While some differences in meaning between human languages exist (e.g., the German word "Fernweh"), alien languages might present more fundamental challenges. If aliens perceive and categorize the world in fundamentally different ways, their language might express concepts we struggle to even grasp.

Despite these obstacles, communication may still be possible. Shared needs, such as describing the world or giving commands, could provide a basis for finding points of connection between alien and human languages. Pragmatics, the fourth level, concerns how language is used in context, including metaphors and social conventions. Differences at this level, particularly when combined with semantic differences, as illustrated by the Tamarian language in Star Trek: The Next Generation, can further complicate understanding.

Ultimately, contemplating the possibilities of alien communication pushes us to expand our understanding of language itself. It encourages us to move beyond our "anthropocentric bubble" and consider that alien languages might possess levels or structures we haven't yet imagined, potentially transforming our perspectives on consciousness, intelligence, and what it means to communicate.


Aeon, April 9th, 2025,(Adaptado)
"The first level, signs, encompasses the means of expression."

Em relação ao texto apresentado, qual das seguintes reestruturações desse trecho mantém o sentido original, manifesta ênfase semelhante e é gramaticalmente correta?
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4576Q938703 | Inglês, PPL, ENEM, INEP

Tennesse Mountain Properties
Description
Own a renovated house for less than $290 per month!!!!!!!! New windows, siding, flooring (laminate throughout and tile in entry way and bathroom), kitchen cabinets, counter top, back door, fresh paint and laundry on main floor. Heat billsare very low due to a good solid house and an energy efficient furnace.
Disponível em: www.freerealestaeads.net .Acesso em: 30 nov. 2011(adaptado).
Em jornais, há diversos anúncios que servem aos leitores. O conteúdo do anúncio veiculado por este texto interessará a alguém que esteja procurando
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4577Q1021909 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Área Tecnologia da Informação, CODEVASF, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.

Sociologists have, until recently, tended to avoid technology. This began to change significantly in the late 1980s with the growth and development of both (physical) IT and the (social) debate surrounding it. In a broad sense, sociologists of technology are concerned with explaining how social processes, actions and structures relate to technology; and in this are concerned with developing critiques of notions of technological determinism. The theories and concepts which have been developed are increasingly recognised as of value to technologists, notably in the area of information system design.


Technological determinism is the notion that technological development is autonomous of society; it shapes society, but is not reciprocally influenced. Rather, it exists outside society, but at the same time influences social change. In more extreme varieties of technological determinism, the technology is seen as the most significant determinant of the nature of a society. What is remarkable about the notion of technological determinism is neither its theoretical sophistication nor its explanatory utility. It is important because it is “the single most influential theory of the relationship between technology and society”, according to MacKenzie and Wajcman (1985).


The reality, of course, is that technologies do not, in practice, follow some pre-determined course of development. Research and development decisions, for example, are significant determinants of the sorts of technologies which are developed. Also, although technologies clearly have impacts, the nature of these is not built into the technology, but varies from one culture to another, depending on a broad range of social, political and economic factors.


Hughie Mackay. Theorising the IT/Society Relationship. In: HEAP, N. et al. (eds) Information technology and society: a reader. London: Sage Publications, 1996 (adapted)

The author regards technological determinism as a correct way to explain the relationship between technology and society.

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4578Q1021912 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Área Tecnologia da Informação, CODEVASF, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2024

Texto associado.

Sociologists have, until recently, tended to avoid technology. This began to change significantly in the late 1980s with the growth and development of both (physical) IT and the (social) debate surrounding it. In a broad sense, sociologists of technology are concerned with explaining how social processes, actions and structures relate to technology; and in this are concerned with developing critiques of notions of technological determinism. The theories and concepts which have been developed are increasingly recognised as of value to technologists, notably in the area of information system design.


Technological determinism is the notion that technological development is autonomous of society; it shapes society, but is not reciprocally influenced. Rather, it exists outside society, but at the same time influences social change. In more extreme varieties of technological determinism, the technology is seen as the most significant determinant of the nature of a society. What is remarkable about the notion of technological determinism is neither its theoretical sophistication nor its explanatory utility. It is important because it is “the single most influential theory of the relationship between technology and society”, according to MacKenzie and Wajcman (1985).


The reality, of course, is that technologies do not, in practice, follow some pre-determined course of development. Research and development decisions, for example, are significant determinants of the sorts of technologies which are developed. Also, although technologies clearly have impacts, the nature of these is not built into the technology, but varies from one culture to another, depending on a broad range of social, political and economic factors.


Hughie Mackay. Theorising the IT/Society Relationship. In: HEAP, N. et al. (eds) Information technology and society: a reader. London: Sage Publications, 1996 (adapted)

In the second sentence of the second paragraph, the word “Rather” introduces a further explanation about technological development, and could be, without jeopardizing the coherence of the text, correctly replaced with More properly speaking.

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4579Q1023192 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Professor de Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Santa Leopoldina ES, IDCAP, 2024

Para Diana Brydon: "O mundo contemporâneo requer habilidades de letramento avançadas e isto inclui a capacidade de pensar criticamente, incluindo contextualização, análise, adaptação, tradução de informação e interação entre os indivíduos dentro e além de sua comunidade" (BRYDON, 2011, p. 105). Quando se fala em alfabetização e letramento, é necessário observar uma das principais diferenças entre estes dois processos educativos: basicamente, a alfabetização ensina a codificar e decodificar o sistema de escrita; enquanto o letramento instrui o domínio e o uso da linguagem como prática social. Desta forma, o processo de alfabetização pode ser visto como um processo finito, na medida em que o letramento pode ser continuamente desenvolvido. Apesar dessas diferenças, os dois processos interagem entre si, e podem ser utilizados de maneira eficaz no ensino de linguagens no meio educacional. Sobre o letramento em língua inglesa, e seguindo a teoria do Letramento Crítico, assinale a alternativa CORRETA.
BRYDON, D. 2011. Local Needs, Global Contexts: Learning New Literacies. In: MACIEL, R. F. e ARAÚJO, V. A. (Orgs). Formação de professores de línguas: ampliando perspectivas. Jundiaí, Paco Editora. Pp.105.

I.A linguagem é neutra e transparente, não sendo perpassada por influências históricas e culturais, então o processo de letramento em língua inglesa diz respeito somente ao aprendizado do alfabeto estrangeiro.
II.A linguagem exerce um papel fundamental na formação crítica dos cidadãos, e o ensino de língua inglesa pode possibilitar a construção da visão crítica dos estudantes.
III.O letramento crítico pode ser fomentado a partir do trabalho dos professores de língua inglesa, na construção, com os estudantes, das váriasinterpretações possíveis dos discursos contidos em textos (orais e/ou escritos).
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4580Q1023448 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, DT Inglês, Prefeitura de Iúna ES, IBADE, 2024

Read the text below:

Europe’s tourism will most probably have to navigate the travel disruptions experienced last summer in terms of short-staffed airports and accommodation establishments, and soaring travel costs. Nevertheless, the EU has also demonstrated some economic resilience so far in 2023 with lower energy prices, encouraging employment rates, and gradually receding inflation1. However, risks to the tourism outlook remain and are notably stemming from stubbornly high core inflation and uncertainty around the impact of Russia’s war in Ukraine. One in four reporting destinations surpassed pre-pandemic levels of foreign tourist arrivals, including value for money destinations such as Serbia (+27%), Bulgaria (+21%), Montenegro (+12%) and Türkiye (+9%)
Source (adapted): https://etc-corporate.org/reports/europeantourism-2023-trends-prospects-q2-2023/

Considering the information provided in the text, what factors contributed to the economic resilience of the European Union in 2023?
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