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481Q167915 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos em Inglês, Auditor Fiscal da Receita Federal, Receita Federal, ESAF

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Your answers to questions 21 to 24 must be based on the
text below entitled "A dip in the middle":

A dip in the middle
Source: The Economist (adapted)
Sep 8th 2005

Income tax has been paid in Britain for more
than two centuries. First introduced by William Pitt the
Younger to finance the war against Napoleonic France,
it is the Treasury´s biggest source of revenue, raising
30% of tax receipts. It arouses strong political emotions,
regarded as fair by some because it makes the rich pay a
bigger share of their income than the poor, but unfair by
others because it penalizes enterprise and hard work.
During the past 30 years, income tax has been
subject to sweeping changes, notably the cut in the top
rate from 98% to 40% under Margaret Thatcher between
1979 and 1988. Now another Conservative politician,
George Osborne, is floating a radical reform to match
that earlier exploit. The shadow chancellor announced
on September 7ththat he was setting up a commission
to explore the possible introduction of a flat income tax
in Britain.
Introducing a flat income tax into Britain would
involve two main changes. At present, there are three
marginal tax rates. These three rates would be replaced
by a single rate, which would be considerably lower than
the current top rate. At the same time there would be an
increase in the tax-free personal allowance, currently
worth 4,895 pounds.

The flat income tax

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482Q103459 | Inglês, Advérbios, Analista Administrativo, BACEN, FCC

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Atenção: Considere o texto abaixo para responder às questões de números 51 a 60

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A palavra que preenche corretamente a lacuna (4º paragráfo) é

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483Q52583 | Inglês, Oficial da Marinha, Escola Naval, MB, 2018

Doctors Know Best
By Ted Spiker

Along with all the disease stomping, heart reviving, baby delivering, and overall people healing they do, doctors have another full-time job: keeping themselves healthy. Scratch that - keeping themselves healthiest. So instead of peeking into their medical practices, we looked at what they actually practice - in their own lives. Use personal strategies and insider tips from the best medical pros to supercharge your health this year.

( I)-______ "As soon as I feel an illness coming on, I go to sleep for at least nine hours," says Hilda Hutcherson, MD, clinical professor of ob-gyn at Columbia University Medicai Center. "I also lie on the floor with my legs elevated and propped against the wall and breathe deeply for five minutes." It helps lower stress, which weakens the immune system.
(II )-______ Instead of having a garden-variety green salad, Margaret McKenzie, MD, assistant professor of surgery at the Cleveland Clinic, tosses napa cabbage, radicchio, edamame, and carrots with ginger-soy dressing. "It gives me a lot of vitamins, antioxidants, and protein and makes me feel full," she says.
(III)-______ [...] Gary Small, MD, professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of The Alzheimer"s Prevention Program, plays Scrabble and Words With Friends on his smartphone most days. These word games are perfect brain boosters, because they build not only verbal and math skills but also spatial abilities as you position letters to create words. "Combining several mental tasks strengthens multiple neural circuits," Dr. Small says. "It"s like cross-training for your brain."
(IV) - _____ Make your bedroom spalike: Dim the lights at least an hour before you go to bed; ban cell phones, laptops, and the TV; ask your partner for a foot rub. "I do deep breathing exercises," Dr. Hutcherson says. "Sometimes I play relaxing music softly."
(V) - _____ The most important meal is breakfast, says David Katz, MD, director and founder of Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center in Derby, Connecticut. He often has two breakfasts, divvying up his morning meal so that he eats half before his workout and half after. "It helps with portion control, and it establishes a daily eating pattern," Dr. Katz says. Plan your breakfast at night to start the next day on a healthy note.

(Abridged from https ://www.fitnessmagazine.com/health/doctors-tips-tostay-healthy/)

The headlines below have been removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V). Number them to indicate the order they must appear to complete the text correctly. Then mark the option that contains the right sequence.

( ) Fuel up for the day
( ) Take a time out
( ) Stay sharp
( ) Eat extra veggies
( ) Sleep easier
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484Q933064 | Inglês, Vestibular Primeiro Semestre PUC PR, PUC PR, PUC PR

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Portable devices
Buddy, can you spare a watt?

Trading power could free users from dead-battery tyranny

ONE of the most annoying features of smartphones is that they run out of power just when you need it most. After a day of e-mailing, streaming music, downloading podcasts, watching cat videos and snapping selfies, a device can easily be left without enough charge to make an emergency call. What would help, reckons Paul Worgan of the University of Bristol, in England, is to give portable devices the ability to share some of their power. Mr Worgan and his colleagues have come up with a wireless-charging system which they call PowerShake. To use it someone holds a phone with an expiring battery against another device—a phone, or even a smartwatch or a fitness band—and this initiates a power transfer from one to the other. Some 12 seconds of contact provides enough juice to make a one-minute telephone call. One minute of contact would allow, say, a four minute music video to be watched. The researchers will present their idea to CHI2016, a conference on computer-human interaction, in San Jose, California, in May. Available in:. Access on: may 2016. 
I. New smartphones will have power to spare.
II. PowerShake wireless-charging system will help you to charge your out of power smartphone.
III. You have to plug in both phones for 12 seconds.
IV. This new feature will allow you to make a short phone call.
V. The researchers will present this new idea at their university, in San Jose, California.
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485Q485634 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa e Educação, Professor de Educação Básica III, Secretaria Municipal de Administração de Vitória ES, CESPE CEBRASPE

As far as the practice of language teaching is concerned, judge the items below. Teachers of English as a Foreign Language should try hard to persuade their students to get rid of any traces of native language accent from their English.
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486Q833289 | Inglês, Substantivos e compostos, Prefeitura de Palhoça SC Professor de Inglês, IESES, 2021

Complete the sentences. Use VERY LITTLE or VERY FEW.
I drink ____________ coffee. I prefer tea. The town is very quiet at night. __________ people go out. The weather here is very dry in summer. There is _____ rain.
Choose the correct alternative:
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487Q485660 | Inglês, Língua Inglesa e Educação, Professor de Educação Básica III, Prefeitura de Campinas SP, CETRO

Read the sentence below and choose the correct alternative to fill in the blank.

______, play by the Irish poet and writer Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), was first staged in London in 1895.

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488Q203815 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos em Inglês, Escriturário, Banco do Brasil, CESPE CEBRASPE

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Text VII questions 38 through 40World Bank Brazil country brief1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has thelargest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. Themajority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of thepopulation now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urbanpopulation has aided economic development but also created serious7 problems for major cities.Brazils miracle years were in the late 1960s and early 1970swhen double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure10 of the economy underwent rapid change.In the 1980s, however, Brazils economic performance waspoor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980to 1993. This reflected the economys inability to respond tointernational eventsin the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin Americanexternal debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreigndirect investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the1960s.Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgetingand public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steadyrise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the25 middle of 1994.Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter/abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations). With the help of text VII, judge the following items.

Last century, Brazilian economy was affected by international factors.

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490Q121556 | Inglês, Significação Contextual de Palavras, Analista de Sistemas Júnior, TRANSPETRO, CESGRANRIO

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Based on the meanings in the text, the two items are antonymous in

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491Q486189 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto, Assistente de Comunicação, CRECI RJ, MSConcursos

Marque a alternativa incorreta em relação à explicação de cada expressão:
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494Q102033 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos em Inglês, Analista, CVM, ESAF

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The text refers to Brazil´s economy as booming, which means it is experiencing a period of economic

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495Q486084 | Inglês, Professor, SEE SP, FCC

Atenção: As questões de números 21 a 48 referem-se aos conhecimentos sobre formação de professores e ensino de língua inglesa.

De acordo com o conceito de aprendizagem situada (Situated Learning), algumas crianças se saem bem no uso da linguagem na escola porque

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496Q42697 | Inglês, Soldado do Corpo de Bombeiro, Bombeiro Militar AC, FUNCAB

" No other country would give Syrians a visa, he recalls over a cup of Syrian coffee in the one-room apartment he shares with wife, two-year-old son and brother-inlaw, in the Cambuci district of São Paulo.We could have tried to get to Europe illegally by boat, but that was too dangerous for my family. So Brazil was the only safe choice."

According to the text, the total number of people who live in the one-room apartment in Cambuci is:
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498Q847596 | Inglês, Adjetivos, Prefeitura de Guaraciaba SC Professor Inglês, AMEOSC, 2020

Read the text below to answer the following question

Even the deepest, coldest parts of the ocean are getting warmer

    Thermometers moored at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean recorded an average temperature increase of about 0.02 degrees Celsius over the last decade. That warming may be a consequence of human-driven climate change, which has boosted ocean temperatures near the surface, but it’s unclear since so little is known about the deepest, darkest parts of the ocean.
    “The deep ocean, below about 2,000 meters, is not very well observed,” says Chris Meinen, an oceanographer at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The deep sea is so hard to reach that the temperature at any given research site is typically taken only once per decade. But Meinen’s team measured temperatures hourly from 2009 to 2019 using seafloor sensors at four spots in the Argentine Basin, off the coast of Uruguay.
    Temperature records for the two deepest spots revealed a clear trend of warming over that decade. This warming is much weaker than in the upper ocean, Meinen says, but he also notes that since warm water rises, it would take a lot of heat to generate even this little bit of warming so deep.
    It’s too soon to judge whether human activity or natural variation is the cause, Meinen says. Continuing to monitor these sites and comparing the records with data from devices in other ocean basins may help to clarify matters.
(Adapted from: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ocean-warming-deepest-coldest-temperature).
The word climate, in “climate change” is:
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500Q199013 | Inglês, Aluno EsPCEx, EsPCEx, EsPCEx

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Leia o trecho abaixo e responda às questões de 41 a 45.

Brazilian Forces Claim Victory in Gang Haven

RIO DE JANEIRO – In a quick and decisive military operation, Brazilian security forces took control of this city?s most notorious slum on Sunday, celebrating victory over drug gangs after a weeklong battle.
In the early afternoon, the military police raised the flags of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro atop a building on the highest hill in the Alemão shantytown complex, providing a rare moment of happiness and celebration in a decades–long battle to rid this city?s violent slums of drug gangs. An air of calm and relief swept through the neighborhood, as residents opened their windows and began walking the streets. Dozens of children ran from their houses in shorts and bikinis to jump into a swimming pool that used to belong to a gang leader. Residents congregated around televisions in bars and restaurants, cheering for the police as if they were cheering for their favorite soccer teams. "Now the community is ours," Jovelino Ferreira, a 60–year–old pastor, said, his eyes filling with tears. "This time it will be different. We have to have faith. Many people who didn?t deserve have suffered here."

According to the text, Brazilian security forces fought against

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