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Questões de Concursos Inglês

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521Q852046 | Inglês, Verbos, Prefeitura de Capim PB Professor A Inglês, FACET Concursos, 2020

The worldwide effort to combat critical levels of biodiversity loss will fail without far greater involvement from local communities, according to an international declaration. (lines 1, 2)
Which verb tense is seen in the excerpt?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

523Q100953 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos em Inglês, Analista, CVM, ESAF

Texto associado.

imagem-retificada-texto-003.jpg

According to the author, reducing the risk to our private data is

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

524Q199013 | Inglês, Aluno EsPCEx, EsPCEx, EsPCEx

Texto associado.

Leia o trecho abaixo e responda às questões de 41 a 45.

Brazilian Forces Claim Victory in Gang Haven

RIO DE JANEIRO – In a quick and decisive military operation, Brazilian security forces took control of this city?s most notorious slum on Sunday, celebrating victory over drug gangs after a weeklong battle.
In the early afternoon, the military police raised the flags of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro atop a building on the highest hill in the Alemão shantytown complex, providing a rare moment of happiness and celebration in a decades–long battle to rid this city?s violent slums of drug gangs. An air of calm and relief swept through the neighborhood, as residents opened their windows and began walking the streets. Dozens of children ran from their houses in shorts and bikinis to jump into a swimming pool that used to belong to a gang leader. Residents congregated around televisions in bars and restaurants, cheering for the police as if they were cheering for their favorite soccer teams. "Now the community is ours," Jovelino Ferreira, a 60–year–old pastor, said, his eyes filling with tears. "This time it will be different. We have to have faith. Many people who didn?t deserve have suffered here."

According to the text, Brazilian security forces fought against

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

525Q267397 | Inglês, Aspectos Gramaticais, Analista Desenvolvimento de Sistemas, SERPRO, CESPE CEBRASPE

Texto associado.

One frequently overlooked area in planning is technical
reviews and inspections. A technical review requires substantial
preparation on the part of the presenters. Documents must be
published and distributed and presentation material organized and
made into slides or overheads. Practice sessions are conducted by
presenters with an audience of critics to prepare for the review.
The reviewers should read the material, attend the
presentations, and write reports. On large projects with many
reviews and walk-throughs involving many participants, a
substantial number of labor hours can be consumed analyzing
documents, attending meetings, and writing reports. For example,
a system design review for one module or unit can require 150
labor hours. When overlooked, this labor can result in a very
large error in resource and schedule estimation.
Many projects include risk assessment and risk
management as a key part of the planning process and expect the
plan toidentify specific risk areas. The plan is expected to
quantify both probability of failure and consequences of failure
and to describe what will be done to contain development risk.

A. Behforooz and F. Hudson. Software engineering
fundamentals. Ed. Oxford (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following items.

At the beginning of the second paragraph, "should" can be correctly replaced by ought to.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

526Q119469 | Inglês, Semântica, Analista de TI Analista de Rede MCP, PRODAM AM, FUNCAB

Texto associado.

IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS

For your protection, please read these safety
instructions completely before operating the appliance, and
keep this manual for future reference.

Carefully observe all warnings, precautions and
instructions on the appliance, or the one described in the
operating instructions and adhere to them.

POWER SOURCES - This set should be operated
only from the type of power source indicated on the marking
label. If you are not sure of the type of electrical power supplied
to your home, consult your dealer or local power company. For
those sets designed to operate from battery power, or other
sources, refer to the operating instructions.

OBJECTAND LIQUID ENTRY - Never push objects
of any kind into the set through openings as they may touch
dangerous voltage points or short out parts that could result in
a fire or electric shock. Never spill liquid of any kind on the set.

ATTACHMENTS - Do not use attachmentsnot
recommended by the manufacturer, as they may cause
hazards.

CLEANING - Unplug the set from the wall outlet
before cleaning or polishing it. Do not use liquid cleaners or
aerosol cleaners. Use a cloth lightly dampened with water for
cleaning the exterior of the set.

OVERLOADING - Do not overload wall outlets,
extension cords or convenience receptacles beyond their
capacity, since this can result in fire or electric shock.

ACCESSORIES - Do not place the set on an
unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table. The set may
fall, causing serious injury to a child or an adult, and serious
damage to the set. Use only a cart stand tripod, bracket, or
table recommended by the manufacturer.

WATER AND MOISTURE - Do not use power-line
operated sets near water - for example, near a bathtub,
washbowl, kitchen sink, or laundry tub, in a wet basement, or
near a swimming pool, etc.

SERVICING - Do not attempt to service the set
yourself asopening or removing covers may expose you to
dangerous voltage or other hazards. Refer all servicing to
qualified service personnel.

SAFETY CHECK - Upon completion of any service
or repairs to the set, as the service technician to perform
routine safety checks (as specified by the manufacturer) to
determine that the set is in safe operating condition.

(Adapted from SONY manual - Sony Corporation - 2000 - Printed in Japan).

The conjunction as in the sentence: "Never push objects of any kind into the set through openings as they may touch dangerous voltage points." ( paragraph 4 ) could be replaced, without change of meaning, by:

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

527Q105989 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos, Analista Ambiental Oceanógrafo, Petrobras, CESGRANRIO

Texto associado.

Imagem 005.jpg

According to EPE President, Mauricio Tomalsquim,

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  5. ✂️

528Q485400 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos em Inglês, Professor, Seduc CE, UECE, 2018

iGeners are ______________________.

I. likely to be called ‘technology dependent’

II. familiar with digital systems mostly as adults

III. so focused on connecting in person that the social aspects of work hold high appeal

According to the text, the sentence above can be correctly completed with the elements in

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

529Q933064 | Inglês, Vestibular Primeiro Semestre PUC PR, PUC PR, PUC PR

Texto associado.
Portable devices
Buddy, can you spare a watt?

Trading power could free users from dead-battery tyranny

ONE of the most annoying features of smartphones is that they run out of power just when you need it most. After a day of e-mailing, streaming music, downloading podcasts, watching cat videos and snapping selfies, a device can easily be left without enough charge to make an emergency call. What would help, reckons Paul Worgan of the University of Bristol, in England, is to give portable devices the ability to share some of their power. Mr Worgan and his colleagues have come up with a wireless-charging system which they call PowerShake. To use it someone holds a phone with an expiring battery against another device—a phone, or even a smartwatch or a fitness band—and this initiates a power transfer from one to the other. Some 12 seconds of contact provides enough juice to make a one-minute telephone call. One minute of contact would allow, say, a four minute music video to be watched. The researchers will present their idea to CHI2016, a conference on computer-human interaction, in San Jose, California, in May. Available in:. Access on: may 2016. 
I. New smartphones will have power to spare.
II. PowerShake wireless-charging system will help you to charge your out of power smartphone.
III. You have to plug in both phones for 12 seconds.
IV. This new feature will allow you to make a short phone call.
V. The researchers will present this new idea at their university, in San Jose, California.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

530Q686296 | Inglês, Sargento da Aeronáutica Aeronavegantes e Não Aeronavegantes, EEAR, Aeronáutica, 2019

Texto associado.
                                                      Grounding
1           Grounding is a common form of punishment for young
       people who disobey their parents. Grounding means that
       they are not allowed to go out, after school or on weekends,
       for a certain period of time. This could be from one day to
5     ____ month or more, depending upon the gravity of the
       offense. During that time, though, they must continue to go to
       school, to work if they have a job, and do other errands
       approved by their parents.
                ____ term “grounding” is ____ aviation term. A plane is
10   grounded when it is not allowed to fly for any reason.
       Similarly, pilots or other flying personnel are grounded when
       they are not allowed to fly because of illness or for disobeying
       the rules.
                                        Adapted from Life in the USA: A Simplified reader on American
                                                                                                                            Culture, book 1
The sentence “Grounding means that they are not allowed to go out, after school or on weekends, for a certain period of time”,in bold in the text, is in the:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

532Q52591 | Inglês, Oficial da Marinha, Escola Naval, MB, 2018

Switzerland’s invisible linguistic borders

There are four official Swiss languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh, an indigenous language with limited status that"s similar to Latin and spoken today by only a handful of Swiss. A fifth language, English, is increasingly used to bridge the linguistic divide. In a recent survey by Pro Unguis, three quarters of those queried said they use English at least three times per week.
In polyglot Switzerland, even linguistic divisions are divided. People in the German-speaking cantons speak Swiss-German at home but learn standard German in school. The Italian spoken in the Ticino canton is peppered with words borrowed from German and French.
Language may not be destiny, but it does determine much more than the words we speak. Language drives culture, and culture drives life. In that sense, the Rõstigraben is as much a cultural border as a linguistic one. Life on either side of the divide unfolds at a different pace, Bianchi explained. “[In my opinion] French speakers are more laid-back. A glass of white wine for lunch on a workday is still rather usual. German speakers have little sense of humour, and follow rules beyond the rigidity of the Japanese."
The cultural divide between Italian-speaking Switzerland and the rest of the country - a divide marked by the so-called Polentagraben - is even sharper. Italianspeakers are a distinct minority, accounting for only 8% of the population and living mostly in the far southern canton of Ticino. “When I first moved here, people told me, Ticino is just like Italy except everything works’, and I think that"s true,” said Paulo Gonçalves, a Brazilian academic who has been living in Ticino for the past decade.
Coming from a nation with one official spoken language, Gonçalves marvels at how the Swiss juggle four. “It is quite remarkable how they manage to get along,” he said, recalling going to a conference attended by people who spoke French, German, Italian and English. "You had presentations being given in four different languages in the same conference hall.’’
Living in such a multilingual environment "really reshapes how I see the world and imagine the possibilities,” Gonçalves said. “I am a significantly different person than I was 10 years ago.”
Switzerland’s languages are not evenly distributed. Of the country’s 26 cantons, most - 17 - are German speaking, while four are French and one Italian. (Three cantons are bilingual and one, Grisons, trilingual.) A majority of Swiss, 63%, speak German as their first language.

(Abridged from http ://www.bbc.com)

Which option completes the text below correctly?

School is exhausting! I’m so tired! I can’t keep up ______all the readings and assignments. It’s too much work! But l won’t drop_____. I need this degree. I don’t want to put_____my dreams any longer. I need to have the money to carry them ____ as soon as possible, but I’m really looking forward_____the spring break. I need to rest a little.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

533Q52594 | Inglês, Oficial da Marinha, Escola Naval, MB, 2018

Mark the sentence that is correct
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

534Q486084 | Inglês, Professor, SEE SP, FCC

Atenção: As questões de números 21 a 48 referem-se aos conhecimentos sobre formação de professores e ensino de língua inglesa.

De acordo com o conceito de aprendizagem situada (Situated Learning), algumas crianças se saem bem no uso da linguagem na escola porque

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

535Q22535 | Inglês, Advogado, CASAN SC, AOCP

Texto associado.
From "Conclusion on Global Warming":

One of the big questions of today is whether global warming and climate change can be stopped or whether it is inevitable. Though worried, most scientists believe that if we act now, “serious” climate change and global warming can be avoided. A few, such as James Lovelock who created the GAIA theory of the Earth as a living organism, believes that is far too late to stop the changes that
are now unfolding. Politicians either deny that there is a problem or act as if there is plenty of time to do something. After weighing the arguments we in The GAIA-Movement have had to conclude the following:

• Global Warming and Climate Change are unavoidable as they are already going on and have been so for quite some time;

• they constitute an inevitable catastrophe that will unfold in the years and decades to come;

• this fact cannot be reversed as the politicians in power will not provide the leadership needed to implement the monumental changes needed to reduce greenhouse gas emission and

• the processes set in motion are of such magnitude that they by now can only be postponed or prolonged so as to allow more time for adaptation.

We have reached our conclusions on global warming, climate change and the consequences thereof for food production and a number of other issues after studying books, films, websites, radio interviews, scientific magazines and reports.
The information we have found points in a clear direction and has thus enabled us to make a clear conclusion.
A basic book has been “Six Degrees” by Mark Lynas, a journalist who has studied many scientific reports and from that has been able to describe what may happen to the Earth as it warms 1-2-3-4-5 and even 6 degrees.
Elizabeth Kolbert has written “Field Notes from a Catastrophe”. She has met many scientists working on global warming and the book has much dramatic information.
Several other authors have written books that give many details on global warming and climate change such as “The Last Generation” by Fred Pierce, “The Weather Makers” by Tim Flannery,“A Rough Guide to Climate Change” by Robert Henson, “The Revenge of GAIA” by James Lovelock and “An Inconvenient Truth” by Al Gore, who received the Nobel Peace Prize for his effort to inform about climate change. The last book is also on film and there are several other films that tell about different aspects of climate change and what can be done to build a world on renewable energy.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a UN working group, which also received the Nobel Peace Prize made their latest report in 2007. We have studied the report which presents several models for how the climate may change during the next 100 years.

Text taken from the Gaia Movement: http://www.gaia-movement.org/
On: 10/23/2009
“Gaia” is the name of a Greek goddess of Earth.
What seems to be the type of text presented here?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

536Q485432 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos em Inglês, Professor, Seduc CE, UECE, 2018

The underlined item “shruging” (line 82) is a nonsense word, merely invented for the purposes of this exam. After analyzing the co-text and context, it is correct to conclude that “shruging” means
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

537Q29442 | Inglês, Arquivista, CODEMIG, FGV

Texto associado.
TEXT 3
Sustainable mining – oxymoron or a way of the future?

Mining is an activity that has persisted since the start of humans using tools. However, one might argue that digging a big hole in the ground and selling the finite resources that come out of that hole is not sustainable, especially when the digging involves the use of other finite resources (i.e. fuels) and produces a lot of greenhouse gases.

The counter argument could go along the lines that minerals are not being lost or destroyed through mining and mineral processing – the elements are being shifted around, and converted into new forms. Metals can even be extracted from waste, seawater or even sewage, and recycled. But a more simple argument is possible: a mine can be sustainable if it is economically, socially and environmentally beneficial in the short and long term. To be sustainable, the positive benefits of mining should outweigh any negative impacts. […]

Social positives are often associated with mines in regional areas, such as providing better amenities in a nearby town, or providing employment (an economic and social positive). Social negatives can also occur, such as dust, noise, traffic and visual amenity. These are commonly debated and, whilst sometimes controversial, can be managed with sufficient corporate commitment, stakeholder engagement, and enough time to work through the issues. Time is the key parameter - it may take several years for a respectful process of community input, but as long as it is possible for social negatives to be outweighed by social positives, then the project will be socially sustainable.

It is most likely that a mine development will have some environmental negatives, such as direct impacts on flora and fauna through clearing of vegetation and habitat within the mine footprint. Some mines will have impacts which extend beyond the mine site, such as disruption to groundwater, production of silt and disposal of waste. Certainly these impacts will need to be managed throughout the mine life, along with robust rehabilitation and closure planning. […]

The real turning point will come when mining companies go beyond environmental compliance to create "heritage projects" that can enhance the environmental or social benefits in a substantial way – by more than the environmental offsets needed just to make up for the negatives created by the mine. In order to foster these innovative mining heritage projects we need to promote "sustainability assessments" - not just "environmental assessments". This will lead to a more mature appreciation of the whole system whereby the economic and social factors, as well as environmental factors, are considered in a holistic manner.

(adapted from https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/western-australia-division/sustainable-mining-oxymoron-or-way-future. Retrieved on August 10, 2015)
The title suggests that the expression “sustainable mining" may:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

538Q23658 | Inglês, Analista Administrativo, CETESB, VUNESP

Texto associado.
The US Department of Energy is giving $120m (£75m) to set up a new research centre charged with developing new methods of rare earth production.

Rare earths are 17 chemically similar elements crucial to making many hi-tech products, such as phones and PCs. The Critical Materials Institute will be located in Ames, Iowa.

The US wants to reduce its dependency on China, which produces more than 95% of the world’s rare earth elements, and address local shortages. According to the US Geological Survey, there may be deposits of rare earths in 14 US states. Besides being used for hi-tech gadgets, the elements are also crucial for manufacturing low-carbon resources such as wind turbines, solar panels and electric cars, said David Danielson, the US assistant secretary for renewable energy.

Rare earth elements are also used for military applications, such as advanced optics technologies, radar and radiation detection equipment, and advanced communications systems, according to a 2011 research report by the US Government Accountability Office. From the 1960s until the 1980s, the Mountain Pass mine in California made the US the world leader in rare earth production, but it was later closed, largely due to competition with the elements imported from China.

At the moment, the regulations surrounding rare earths mining in the US are very strict, an expert on the materials from Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden told the BBC. “The Mountain Pass mine was [also] closed down for environmental reasons,” said Prof Ekberg.
The existence of deposits of rare earths in 14 states is
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

539Q11151 | Inglês, Aluno Oficial, Polícia Militar SP, VUNESP

Texto associado.
Leia o texto para responder às questões:

The Right to a “Custody Hearing” under International Law

by Maria Laura Canineu
February 3, 2014

        A person who is arrested has a right to be brought promptly before a judge. This is a longstanding and fundamental principle of international law, crucial for ensuring that the person’s arrest, treatment, and any ongoing detention are lawful.
        Yet, until now, Brazil has not respected this right. Detainees often go months before seeing a judge. For instance, in São Paulo state, which houses 37 percent of Brazil’s total prison population, most detainees are not brought before a judge for at least three months. The risk of ill-treatment is often highest during the initial stages of detention, when police are questioning a suspect. The delay makes detainees more vulnerable to torture and other serious forms of mistreatment by abusive police officers.
        In 2012, the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment reported that it had received “repeated and consistent accounts of torture and ill-treatment” in São Paulo and other Brazilian states, “committed by, in particular, the military and civil police.” The torture had allegedly occurred in police custody or at the moment of arrest, on the street, inside private homes, or in hidden outdoor areas, and was described as “gratuitous violence, as a form of punishment, to extract confessions, and as a means of extortion.”
        In addition to violating the rights of detainees, these abusive practices make it more difficult for the police to establish the kind of public trust that is often crucial for effective crime control. These practices undermine legitimate efforts to promote public security and curb violent crime, and thus have a negative impact on Brazilian society as a whole.
        The right to be brought before a judge without unnecessary delay is enshrined in treaties long ago ratified by Brazil, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights. The United Nations Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR, has determined that the delay between the arrest of an accused and the time before he is brought before a judicial authority “should not exceed a few days,” even during states of emergency.
        Other countries in Latin America have incorporated this right into their domestic law. For instance, in Argentina, the federal Criminal Procedure Code requires that in cases of arrest without a judicial order, the detainee must be brought to a competent judicial authority within six hours.
        In contrast, Brazil’s criminal procedure code requires that when an adult is arrested in flagrante and held in police custody, only the police files of the case need to be presented to the judge within 24 hours, not the actual detainee. Judges evaluate the legality of the arrest and make the decision about whether to order continued detention or other precautionary measures based solely on the written documents provided by the police.
        The code establishes a maximum of 60 days for the first judicial hearing with the detainee, but does not explicitly say when this period begins. In practice, this often means that police in Brazil can keep people detained, with formal judicial authorization, for several months, without giving the detainee a chance to actually see a judge.
        According to the code, the only circumstance in which police need to bring a person before the judge immediately applies to cases of crimes not subject to bail in which arresting officer was not able to exhibit the arrest order to the person arrested at the time of arrest. Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months.

(www.hrw.org. Editado e adaptado)
No trecho final do último parágrafo – Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months. –, o termo otherwise equivale, em português, a
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

540Q5052 | Inglês, Técnico de enfermagem, SERPRO, CESPE CEBRASPE

Texto associado.
     It now seems to me that what matters most in the majority
of organizations is to have reasonably intelligent, hard-working
managers who have a sense of pride and loyalty toward their
organization; who can get to the root of a problem and are inclined
toward action; who are decent human beings with a natural empathy
and concern for people; who possess humor, humility, and common
sense; and who are able to couple drive with stick-to-it-iveness* and
patience in the accomplishment of a goal.
     It is the ability to make positive things happen that most
distinguishes the successful manager from the mediocre or
unsuccessful one. It is far better to have dependable managers who
can make the right things happen in a timely fashion than to have
brilliant, sophisticated, highly educated executives who are excellent
at planning and analyzing, but who are not so good at implementing.
The most cherished manager is the one who says “I can do it,” and
then does.
     Many business schools continue to focus almost exclusively
on the development of analytical skills. As a result, these schools are
continuing to graduate large numbers of students who know a great
deal about analyzing strategies, dissecting balance sheets, and using
computers — but who still don’t know how to manage!
     As a practical matter, of course, schools can go only so far
in teaching their students to manage. Only actual work experience
will fully develop the kinds of managerial traits, skills, and virtues
that I have discussed here.

*the ability and determination to continue doing something despite difficulties.
Wegman, Knezevic, Bernstein. A reading skills book, 3.d
ed. Mac Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the items below.
Today, many schools are not preparing future workers the right way.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
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