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Questões de Concursos Inglês

Resolva questões de Inglês comentadas com gabarito, online ou em PDF, revisando rapidamente e fixando o conteúdo de forma prática.

5961Q1023862 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Docente I Língua Estrangeira Inglês, Prefeitura de Maricá RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.
Question relate to teaching skills and abilities:
According to Motta-Roth (2006) the concept of genre has been a common reference in official documents for education, especially in relation to the PCNs of Foreign Languages, Arts and Computing. However, she states that there is a “fluctuation in the concept of genre in these references” (p. 498). Within these concepts, the one(s) that she considers the most appropriate is/are:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5962Q1022585 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Bioenergia, EPE, FGV, 2024

Texto associado.
Text I


Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles
have been around since Victorian times.

The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is entirely different.

By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric; we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual pony).

It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle) saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for their jobs.

Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright, clean and silent.

By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically – to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late 1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might have been familiar to Anderson and friends.


Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6 https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all
At the dawn of the 20th century in the United States of America, the use of electricity-powered vehicles seemed to be:
  1. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

5963Q1024123 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de Cunhataí SC, Unesc, 2024

Texto associado.
Canada man jumps on polar bear to defend wife from attack

A man in Canada's far north leapt on to a polar bear to protect his wife from being mauled, police say.

The unnamed man suffered serious injuries but is expected to recover, according to the Nishnawbe Aski Police Service.

The couple left their house at around 05:00 local time (11:00 GMT) on Tuesday to find their dogs, when a bear - which was in the driveway of their home - lunged at the woman.

The incident happened in Fort Severn First Nation, a small community of about 400 people in the far north of Ontario.

"The woman slipped to ground as her husband leapt on to the animal to prevent its attack," police said in a statement. "The bear then attacked the male, causing serious but non-life-threatening injuries to his arm and legs."

A neighbour arrived with a gun and shot the bear several times. It retreated into nearby woods where it died of its injuries.

The man was transported to a community nursing station where he was treated for his injuries.

Nishnawbe Aski police said they "continued to patrol the area to ensure no other bears were roaming the community".

Alysa McCall, a scientist at Polar Bear International, told the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) that polar bears rarely attack humans.

When an attack occurs, the bear is often hungry, young and unwell, she said.

Normally the bears are far from human settlements, instead preferring to spend their time at sea hunting ice seals. But climate change has led to temperature fluctuations, breaking up ice and in some cases driving bears inland to look for food.

"If you're attacked by a polar bear, definitely do not play dead — that is a myth," she told CBC. "Fight as long as you can."


https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cewx20xrgj5o
What is the grammatical function of the phrase "to find their dogs" in the sentence: "The couple left their house at around 05:00 local time to find their dogs"?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

5964Q1020030 | Inglês, Análise Sintática Syntax Parsing, QM 2023, SEDUCSP, VUNESP, 2025

Texto associado.
Read the text to answer question:


In foreign language education, the teaching of culture remains a hotly debated issue. What is culture? What is its relation to language? Which and whose culture should be taught? What role should the learners’ culture play in the acquisition of knowledge of the target culture? How can we avoid essentializing cultures and teaching stereotypes? And how can we develop in the learners an intercultural competence that would shortchange neither their own culture nor the target culture, but would make them into cultural mediators in a globalized world? This paper explores these issues from the perspective of the large body of research done in Australia, Europe and the U.S. in the last twenty years. It links the study of culture to the study of discourse (see, e.g., Kramsch 1993, 1998, 2004) and to the concept of translingual and transcultural competence proposed by theModern Language Association (e.g., Kramsch, 2010). Special attention will be given to the unique role that the age-old Persian culture can play in fostering the cultural mediators of tomorrow.


(KRAMASCH, Claire. Cultura no ensino de língua estrangeira. Bakhtiniana: Revista de Estudos do Discurso, São Paulo, LAEL/PUC-SP, v. 19, n. 4, 2024)
No trecho “How can we develop in the learners an intercultural competence that would shortchange neither their own culture nor the target culture…”, há uso de estrutura paralela, a qual tem regras específicas.

Nas sentenças a seguir, o exemplo de estrutura paralela usada corretamente é encontrado em:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5965Q1047422 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Cadete do Exército, ESCOLA NAVAL, Marinha

Texto associado.
PART 1: READING COMPREHENSION

Based on the text below, answer the question.

A Shift from Nursing Homes to Managed Care at Home

 Faced with soaring health care costs and shrinking Medicare and Medicaid financing, nursing home operators are closing some facilities and embracing an emerging model of care that allows many elderly patients to remain in their homes and still receive the medicai and social Services available in institutions.
In the newer model, a team of doctors, social workers, physical and occupational therapists and other specialists provide managed care for individual patients at home, at adult day-care centers and in visits to specialists. Studies suggest that it can be less expensive than traditional nursing homes while providing better medicai outcomes.
The number of such programs has expanded rapidly, growing from 42 programs in 22 States in 2007 to 84 in 29 States today. In New York City, a program run by a division of Center Light Health System, formerly known as the Be th Abraham Family of Health Services, has over 2,500 participants at 12 sites in the metropolitan area.
"It used to be that if you needed some kind of long-term care, the only way you could get that Service was in a nursing home, with 24-hour nursing care," said Jason A. Helgerson, the Medicaid director for New York State. "That meant we were institutionalizing Service for people, many of whom didn't need 24-hour nursing care. If a person can get a Service like home health care or Meais on Wheels, they can stay in an apartment and thrive in that environment, and it's a lower cost to taxpayers."

(Adapted from http: //www. nytimes.com)
According to the text, which of the alternatives below is correct?
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  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5966Q908672 | Inglês, Letras Inglês, IFSE, IV UFG, 2024

Read the text below.

If those who declare that there is no best method are asked why, the most immediate and frequent answer is likely to be "Because it all depends," meaning that what is best depends on whom the method is for, in what circumstances, for what purpose, and so on. That there is no best method therefore means that no single method is best for everyone, as there are important variations in the teaching context that influence what is best. The variations are of several kinds, relating to social situation, educational organization, teacher-related factors, and learner-related factors. There have been several attempts to categorize such variables systematically and comprehensively, but even the brief and random listing above shows that they are at different levels of generality, as well as of discreteness and tangibility.

PRABHU, N. S. There Is No Best Method-Why? TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2. (Summer, 1990), p. 161-176. [Adapted].


According to the text, the main reason why there is no best method in teaching is because
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

5967Q1046914 | Inglês, Vocabulário Vocabulary, Primeiro Dia, COLÉGIO NAVAL, Marinha, 2021

Texto associado.

Read text V to answer question .

TEXT V

There are no excuses for racism.

Racism take$ many forms and can happen 1 __ many places. lt includes prejudice, discrimination ar hatred directed at someone because of their colour, ethnicity or national origin.

People often associate racism with acts of abuse or harassment. However, it doesn't need to involve violent or intimidating behaviour. Take racial name-calling and jokes. Or consider situations when people may be excluded from groups or activities because of where they come 2 _______.

Racism can be revealed through people's actions as well as their altitudes. !t can also be reflected in systems and institutions. But sometímes it may not be revealed at ali. Not ali racism is obvious. For examp!e, someone may look 3 _______ a list of job applicants and decide not to interview people with certain surnames.

Racism is more than just words, beliefs and actions. lt includes ali the barriers that prevent people from enjoying dignity and equality because of their race.



<https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/race-discrimination/what-racism>

Read the following sentence.

"People often associate racism with acts of abuse or harassment."

The underlined word "often" can be replaced by

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5968Q1047426 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Cadete do Exército, ESCOLA NAVAL, Marinha

Texto associado.

Based on the text below, answer the question.

Navy preps submarines for lst female officers


HARTFORD, Conn. — For Ensign Peggy LeGrand, the biggest concern about serving on a submarine is not spending weeks at a time in tight quarters with an entirely male crew. What worries her is the scrutiny that comes with breaking one of the last gender barriers in the military.
"I have a feeling more people will be focused on us. Our mistakes and successes will be magnified more than they deserve", said LeGrand, a 25-year-old Naval Academy graduate from Amarillo, Texas.
LeGrand is among a small group of female officers who are training at sites including Groton, Connecticut, to join the elite submarine force beginning later this year. While the Navy says it is not treating them any differently from their male counterparts, officials have been working to prepare the submarine crews — and the sailors1 wives — for one of the most dramatic changes in the 111-year history of the Navy’s "silent Service."
The change is a source of anxiety for others, including the wives of submariners, who worry the close contact at sea could lead to sailors' cheating. The issue really has to do with the creation of a relationship that becomes very close and then results in further relations ashore. That is, of course, what bothers the wives. "They know the kind of relationships that happens between the shipmates", said retired Navy Rear Adm. W . J. Holland Jr., a former submarine commander.
The initial class of 24 women will be divided among four submarines, where they will be outnumbered by men by a ratio of roughly 1 to 25. The enlisted ranks, which make up about 90 percent of a sub's 160-sailor crew, are not open to women although the Navy is exploring modifications to create separate bunks for men and women.
The female officers, many of them engineering graduates from Annapolis, are accustomed to being in the minority, and so far they say they hardly feel like outsiders. The nuclear power school that is part of their training, for example, has been open to women for years because the Navy in 1994 reversed a ban on females serving on its surface ships, including nuclear-powered vesseis.

(Adapted from http://www.militarytimes.com)

Which is the best alternative considering some of the statements are TRUE (T) and others are FALSE (F)?

I- The female officers who will join the elite submarine force are all engineering graduates from Annapolis.

II- Peggy LeGrand is worried about being confined in tight quarters with an entirely male crew.

III- America's submarine force is over a hundred years old.

IV- Female officers have been serving at sea for less than two decades.

V- Allowing female officers in the elite submarine force is the last gender barriers in the military.

The best alternative is

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5969Q1020035 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, QM 2023, SEDUCSP, VUNESP, 2025

Texto associado.
Read the text to answer question.


Traditional EFL classrooms face several challenges, including limited exposure to authentic language use, lack of engagement, and varying learner proficiency levels. Research indicates that reliance on non-authentic materials can hinder listening comprehension and motivation among students. For instance, substituting traditional listening inputs with spontaneous teacher discourse and storytelling has been proposed as a means to enhance engagement and provide authentic language exposure (Ypsilanti, 2024). Additionally, the integration of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approaches can bridge the gap between vocabulary learning and meaningful text production, fostering a more engaging learning environment (Balle & Olsen, 2023). Moreover, varying proficiency levels among learners often lead to common writing errors, such as grammatical mistakes and vocabulary misuse, which necessitate targeted instructional strategies to address these challenges effectively (Isma etal., 2023). Teachers also encounter difficulties in adapting to curriculum reforms and integrating digital media due to limited resources and training, which can further exacerbate engagement issues (Alnasib & Alharbi, 2024; Syarifuddin & Hz, 2023). Addressing these challenges requires innovative teaching strategies and a supportive infrastructure to enhance EFL learning outcomes.


(Sari, Nurhidayah. The Role of Technology in Facilitating EFL Learning: A Case Study Approach. Journal of Education Research, v. 5, 2024)
Based on the text, which of the following pedagogical strategies most comprehensively addresses the interconnected challenges faced in traditional EFL classrooms?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5970Q1023363 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Manhã, Câmara dos Deputados, FGV, 2023

Texto associado.
The Future Of Accounting:
How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?


In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven by emerging technologies.

Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as cloud-based data management, process automation and advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate accountants in new and empowering ways.

As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies — particularly automation — would end in death by digital for accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.

Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than replacement.

There's no question that digital transformation has radically changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this shift is an opportunity, not a threat.

[…]

Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter experts from other areas of the business.

Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role, welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on investment alone.

With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen, accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining budgets or ensuring compliance. […]

As a function, accounting may become less about refining one's skill set through certifications and more about core competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong education and skill development required to take on a complex, ever-changing business environment.

Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations thatunderstand the potential and importance of these technologies — and invest in the tools and training required to help their accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve. Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own resiliency, agility and competitive footing.


Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb
Based on the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

( ) It is clear that accountants will need to do away with earlier core competencies.
( ) The impact of technology in accountancy tends to move more sluggishly than in areas like procurement.

( ) There was some fear earlier that accountants’ work would soon be taken over by automation.

The statements are, respectively,
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  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5971Q1021830 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor II Língua Inglesa, Prefeitura de Afogados da Ingazeira PE, IGEDUC, 2024

Regarding the use of reading strategies, judge the statement below:

Skimming is primarily used to locate specific information within a text, such as dates or names, by quickly moving the eyes over the content to find these details without focusing on the entire text.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

5972Q1022090 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Professor de Língua Portuguesa, Prefeitura de Santa Helena SC, AMEOSC, 2024

The Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) emphasizes formative assessment as a key strategy to support student progress. Which of the following practices best aligns with formative assessmentprinciples in the English language classroom?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

5973Q1022347 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Técnico Judiciário Desenvolvimento de Sistemas, TRF 6 REGIÃO, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
It’s like a 21st century version of Frankenstein’s monster.

Switzerland-based startup FinalSpark claims to have built a unique computer processor made from 16 mini brains developed out of human brain tissue — and they are positioning this “living computer” as an alternative to silicon-based computing. And now, other researchers can remotely access the startup’s biocomputer, the Neuroplatform, to conduct studies on, let’s say, artificial intelligence, which typically requires enormous resources.

“One of the biggest advantages of biological computing is that neurons compute information with much less energy than digital computers,” a scientist and strategic advisor wrote in a company blog post. It is estimated that living neurons can use over 1 million times less energy than the current digital processors we use. The startup takes brain organoids, small samples of human brain tissue derived from neural stem cells, and places them in a special environment that keeps these organoids alive. They then hook up these mini brains to specialized electrodes to perform computer processing and digital analog conversions to transform neural activity into digital information.

The concept of living computers has been around for quite some time now. Last year, for instance, scientists hooked up neurons to electrical circuits, resulting in a device that could perform voice recognition. These unusual machines have some noteworthy advantages over their silicon-based counterparts, including a significantly smaller carbon footprint. “This is one of the reasons why using living neurons for computations is such a compelling opportunity. Apart from possible improvements in AI model generalization, we could also reduce greenhouse emissions without sacrificing technological progress,” she said.

FinalSpark hopes other institutions will tap its Neuroplatform in order to advance biocomputer research, while positioning this tool as the next step in AI computing. As AI companies clamor for resources for data centers, with concerns growing over carbon emissions and water, it’s a novel approach that may just pay off in the long run.


Internet:<futurism.com/neoscope> (adapted).

Based on the preceding text, judge the item that follow.

Biocomputers are more efficient than standard computers because they take less time than the latter to process the same information.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

5974Q1024395 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de Caconde SP, Avança SP, 2025

Read the passage and select the correct alternative.

“In English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) contexts, the emphasis on __________ prioritizes functional effectiveness rather than rigid conformity to native-speaker norms.”

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5975Q1020045 | Inglês, Vocabulário Vocabulary, QM 2023, SEDUCSP, VUNESP, 2025

Texto associado.
Read the text to answer question.


Stephen R. Covey (2017) once explained the importance of priorities by using an experience he had in a business class. He stated that a professor stood in front of a group of students and set a large canning jar in front of them. He filled it to the top with rocks and asked the students if it was full. They responded yes. Then he took out a bucket of sand and filled the jar again, and students watched as the sand poured inside the spaces between the large rocks. The professor asked again if the jar was full. This time students hesitated, and with good reason. The professor proceeded to fill the jar with a pitcher of water, after which he asked the students to explain the purpose behind this visual demonstration. After several incorrect responses, (including something along the lines of. There is always room for more stuff in your life), the professor gave his answer, which amounts to this: Unless you put the rocks in first, they will never fit into the jar.


This story demonstrates the principle of prioritizing, of knowing what matters most and what matters least, and that what matters most must be placed in the first position. No doubt, this is a very relevant way to analyze your own ecosystem1 .


As you move forward in developing a lifestyle that incorporates language learning, you must constantly reflect on whether or not you have prioritized your tasks well. If you imagine your ecosystem as the canning jar, and your language tasks as items that fill up the jar, you can see how making the right decisions will increase your chances of not only enjoying the learning process but making it more successful. Always remember that it is not just “doing a lot of language stuff” that will bring you success but rather that by putting priorities in their place, language learning can happen on its own. Let’s talk about how to prioritize language learning tasks by using the metaphor of the canning jar itself and discuss two concepts: fixed and fluid.


(Dixon, Shane. The language learner guidebook: powerful tools to help you conquer any language. [S.l.]: Wayzgoose, 2018. Adaptado)


1 A language ecosystem describes a holistic environment that encourages and extends the learning and application of language beyond the classroom through a diverse system of tasks and incentives.
A palavra anecdote é um falso cognato entre inglês e português. Uma palavra que também é um falso cognato no contexto desse texto é:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5976Q1022097 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Professor de Língua Estrangeira Inglês, Prefeitura de Anchieta SC, AMEOSC, 2024

In formative assessment, what is the primary purpose of providing feedback to students during the learning process?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

5977Q1023889 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Português Inglês, Prefeitura de Salgueiro PE, IGEDUC, 2024

Julgue o item a seguir.

Na frase: He took his jacket off. O verbo frasal "Took off" está empregado de forma errada, pois os verbos frasais não podem ser separados.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

5978Q1022354 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Inglês, Prefeitura de Piratuba SC, AMAUC, 2024

Read the text below.

In the tapestry of conversation, intonation and rhythm act as the musical notes, transforming ordinary speech into a melodic expression. Like a song's cadence, varied tones convey emotion, while rhythm sets the pace of dialogue. Whether in formal speeches or everyday exchanges, the artful use of these elements enriches language, turning mundane words into a symphony of connection. Embracing the melody of speech allows us to communicate with the grace and impact of a well-composed song, turning each sentence into a harmonious note in the composition of human interaction.
What is the main analogy used in the text to illustrate the role of intonation and rhythm in spoken language?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5979Q1023124 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.
Read Text 2 and answer question.

TEXT 2

Criticisms of Methods

Despite the potential gains from a study of methods, it is important to acknowledge that a number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior, and that teachers are encouraged by textbook publishers and academics to implement them whether or not the methods are appropriate for a particular context (Pennycook 1989). Others have noted that the search for the best method is ill-advised (Prabhu 1990; Bartolome 1994); that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991); that methodological labels tell us little about what really goes on in classrooms (Katz 1996); and that teachers experience a certain fatigue concerning the constant coming and going of fashions in methods (Rajagopalan 2007). Hinkel (2006) also notes that the need for situationally relevant language pedagogy has brought about the decline of methods.

These criticisms deserve consideration. It is possible that a particular method may be imposed on teachers by others. However, these others are likely to be disappointed if they hope that mandating a particular method will lead to standardization. For we know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. Teachers are not mere conveyor belts delivering language through inflexible prescribed and proscribed behaviors (Larsen-Freeman 1991); they are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions-informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is not only going to be affected by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, what they and the teacher expect as appropriate social roles, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context in which the instruction takes place.Even the ‘right’ method will not compensate for inadequate conditions of learning, or overcome sociopolitical inequities. Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

What critics of language teaching methods have to offer us is important. Admittedly, at this point in the evolution of our field, there is little empirical support for a particular method, although there may be some empirical support in second language acquisition research for methodological principles (Long 2009). Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; ANDERSON, M. Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. 2011. Oxford: OUP. Adaptado.
“Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture [...].” The use of the gerund in saying means
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
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5980Q1023125 | Inglês, Palavras Conectivas Connective Words, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

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TEXT 2

Criticisms of Methods

Despite the potential gains from a study of methods, it is important to acknowledge that a number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior, and that teachers are encouraged by textbook publishers and academics to implement them whether or not the methods are appropriate for a particular context (Pennycook 1989). Others have noted that the search for the best method is ill-advised (Prabhu 1990; Bartolome 1994); that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991); that methodological labels tell us little about what really goes on in classrooms (Katz 1996); and that teachers experience a certain fatigue concerning the constant coming and going of fashions in methods (Rajagopalan 2007). Hinkel (2006) also notes that the need for situationally relevant language pedagogy has brought about the decline of methods.

These criticisms deserve consideration. It is possible that a particular method may be imposed on teachers by others. However, these others are likely to be disappointed if they hope that mandating a particular method will lead to standardization. For we know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. Teachers are not mere conveyor belts delivering language through inflexible prescribed and proscribed behaviors (Larsen-Freeman 1991); they are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions-informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is not only going to be affected by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, what they and the teacher expect as appropriate social roles, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context in which the instruction takes place.Even the ‘right’ method will not compensate for inadequate conditions of learning, or overcome sociopolitical inequities. Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

What critics of language teaching methods have to offer us is important. Admittedly, at this point in the evolution of our field, there is little empirical support for a particular method, although there may be some empirical support in second language acquisition research for methodological principles (Long 2009). Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; ANDERSON, M. Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. 2011. Oxford: OUP. Adaptado.
“Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations.” The expression in bold indicates
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