Questões de Concursos Inglês

The ground is wet. It _______have rained during the last night. The modal verb that better completes the previous sentence is:

a United Nations agency hit hard some needy people.

According to the text, one of the NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center cutting-edge research facility is called

Consider the verb tense in the following sentence taken from the text.

“Nuclear-powered rocket concepts are not new.”

Choose the alternative in which the extract is in the same verb tense as the one above.

Workers are expected to be faithful to their organizations.

Read and analyze the following statements:
I- According to ECA (Statute of Children and Adolescent) “It is the duty of the public authorities only, to ensure, with absolute priority, the effective rights relating to life, health, food, education, sport, leisure, professionalization, culture, dignity, respect, freedom and family and community coexistence.” II- The completion of the latest version of the BNCC determines the obligation to teach English language starting in the first grade of elementary school. III- According to the BNCC, teaching English means reviewing the relationships between language, territory and culture, as English speakers are no longer found only in countries where this is the official language. IV- The BNCC understands the learning of English in a perspective of an education that is linguistic, conscious and critical, in which the pedagogical and political dimensions are intrinsically linked.
Choose the alternative with the correct answer:

Which is the best alternative considering some of the statements are true (T) and others are false (F) ?
I– Modern building façades might be dangerous.
II– The sensors show when the glass is breaking or falling.
III– A glass fissure is not easily seen in the beginning.
IV– The sensors can help control the building temperature.
V– A change in the signal indicates that the pane is not defective.
VI– Changes in temperature do not have any influence on the size of glass fissures.

The best alternative is

Judge the following item in relation the previous text. On the basis of the last quote the article provides from the vice president of Daily Disposal, one can infer that the company has not invested in any other initiatives to lessen its negative impact on the environment.

Read the text below to answer the questions 11-15. 

NASA Researchers Studying Advanced Nuclear Rocket Technologies 

January 9, 2013 

By using an innovative test facility at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., researchers are able to use non-nuclear materials to simulate nuclear thermal rocket fuels - ones capable of propelling bold new exploration missions to the Red Planet and beyond. The Nuclear Cryogenic Propulsion Stage team is tackling a three-year project to demonstrate the viability of nuclear propulsion system technologies. A nuclear rocket engine uses a nuclear reactor to heat hydrogen to very high temperatures, which expands through a nozzle to generate thrust. Nuclear rocket engines generate higher thrust and are more than twice as efficient as conventional chemical rocket engines. 

The team recently used Marshall’s Nuclear Thermal Rocket Element Environmental Simulator, or NTREES, to perform realistic, non-nuclear testing of various materials for nuclear thermal rocket fuel elements. In an actual reactor, the fuel elements would contain uranium, but no radioactive materials are used during the NTREES tests. Among the fuel options are a graphite composite and a “cermet” composite - a blend of ceramics and metals. Both materials were investigated in previous NASA and U.S. Department of Energy research efforts. 

Nuclear-powered rocket concepts are not new; the United States conducted studies and significant ground testing from 1955 to 1973 to determine the viability of nuclear propulsion systems, but ceased testing when plans for a crewed Mars mission were deferred. 

The NTREES facility is designed to test fuel elements and materials in hot flowing hydrogen, reaching pressures up to 1,000 pounds per square inch and temperatures of nearly 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit - conditions that simulate space-based nuclear propulsion systems to provide baseline data critical to the research team.

“This is vital testing, helping us reduce risks and costs associated with advanced propulsion technologies and ensuring excellent performance and results as we progress toward further system development and testing,” said Mike Houts, project manager for nuclear systems at Marshall. 

A first-generation nuclear cryogenic propulsion system could propel human explorers to Mars more efficiently than conventional spacecraft, reducing crews’ exposure to harmful space radiation and other effects of long-term space missions. It could also transport heavy cargo and science payloads. Further development and use of a first-generation nuclear system could also provide the foundation for developing extremely advanced propulsion technologies and systems in the future - ones that could take human crews even farther into the solar system. 

Building on previous, successful research and using the NTREES facility, NASA can safely and thoroughly test simulated nuclear fuel elements of various sizes, providing important test data to support the design of a future Nuclear Cryogenic Propulsion Stage. A nuclear cryogenic upper stage - its liquid- hydrogen propellant chilled to super-cold temperatures for launch - would be designed to be safe during all mission phases and would not be started until the spacecraft had reached a safe orbit and was ready to begin its journey to a distant destination. Prior to startup in a safe orbit, the nuclear system would be cold, with no fission products generated from nuclear operations, and with radiation below significant levels. 

“The information we gain using this test facility will permit engineers to design rugged, efficient fuel elements and nuclear propulsion systems,” said NASA researcher Bill Emrich, who manages the NTREES facility at Marshall. “It’s our hope that it will enable us to develop a reliable, cost-effective nuclear rocket engine in the not-too-distant future." 

The Nuclear Cryogenic Propulsion Stage project is part of the Advanced Exploration Systems program, which is managed by NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate and includes participation by the U.S. Department of Energy. The program, which focuses on crew safety and mission operations in deep space, seeks to pioneer new approaches for rapidly developing prototype systems, demonstrating key capabilities and validating operational concepts for future vehicle development and human missions beyond Earth orbit. 

Marshall researchers are partnering on the project with NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio; NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston; Idaho National Laboratory in Idaho Falls; Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, N.M.; and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tenn. 

The Marshall Center leads development of the Space Launch System for NASA. The Science & Technology Office at Marshall strives to apply advanced concepts and capabilities to the research, development and management of a broad spectrum of NASA programs, projects and activities that fall at the very intersection of science and exploration, where every discovery and achievement furthers scientific knowledge and understanding, and supports the agency’s ambitious mission to expand humanity’s reach across the solar system. The NTREES test facility is just one of numerous cutting-edge space propulsion and science research facilities housed in the state-of- the-art Propulsion Research & Development Laboratory at Marshall, contributing to development of the Space Launch System and a variety of other NASA programs and missions. 

Available in: http://www.nasa.gov 
 
Considering the text, read the statements below. 

I. Engines powered by expanded hydrogen work better than regular chemical engines.
II. A CERMET composite is made of ceramics, metal and graphite. 
III. The Nuclear Cryogenic Propulsion Stage created the technology that took human crews to Mars.

According to the text, the correct assertion(s) is(are)

Which is the only conjunction whose meaning does NOT allow it to replace [CONJUNCTION]?

Judge the following items.

In “The strong belief that he was unbeatable was Hugh’s first defeat”, the underlined passage has an appositive function.

Based on text LI-I, it can be gathered that

more software requires the lack of suitable technology.

As far as the practice of language teaching is concerned, judge the items below. It is important to teach a student how to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words based on the context in which they appear. It is crucial to effective reading.

Mars was warm enough to sustain lakes three billion years ago during the Hesperian Epoch, a period that was previously thought to be too cold and arid to sustain water on the surface, suggested a research published this January in the journal Geology. Dr Nicholas Warner, from the Department of Earth Science Engineering, said: “Most of the research on Mars has focused on its early history and the recent past. Scientists had largely overlooked the Hesperian Epoch as it was thought that Mars was then a frozen wasteland. Excitingly, our study now shows that this middle period in Mars’ history was much more dynamic than we previously imagined.”Which of the following alternatives is WRONG, according to the passage?

According to the text, the natural cleaning products are