Questões de Concurso Texto associado

Para responder às questões 56 e 57, considere os seguintes dados relacionados ao modelo ISLM abaixo:

C = 10 + 0,6Y

G = 40

L = 0,3Y ± 0,6i

I = 2 ± 0,2i

M = 18

Em que:

C é o consumo das famílias;

G são os gastos do governo;

L é demanda por moeda;

M é a oferta da moeda;

I é o investimento.

Prazeres da “melhor idade”

A voz no aeroporto de Congonhas anunciou: “Clientes com necessidades especiais, crianças de colo, melhor idade, gestantes e portadores do cartão tal terão preferência etc.”. Num rápido exercício intelectual, concluí que, não tendo necessidades especiais, nem sendo criança de colo, gestante ou portador do dito cartão, só me restava a “melhor idade” – algo entre os 60 anos e a morte.

Para os que ainda não chegaram a ela, “melhor idade” é quando você pensa duas vezes antes de se abaixar para pegar o lápis que deixou cair e, se ninguém estiver olhando, chuta-o para debaixo da mesa. Ou, tendo atravessado a rua fora da faixa, arrepende-se no meio do caminho porque o sinal abriu e agora terá de correr para salvar a vida. Ou quando o singelo ato de dar o laço no pé esquerdo do sapato equivale, segundo o João Ubaldo Ribeiro*, a uma modalidade olímpica.

Privilégios da “melhor idade” são o ressecamento da pele, a osteoporose, as placas de gordura no coração, a pressão lembrando placar de basquete americano, a falência dos neurônios, as baixas de visão e audição, a falta de ar, a queda de cabelo, a tendência à obesidade e as disfunções sexuais. Ou seja, nós, da “melhor idade”, estamos com tudo, e os demais podem ir lamber sabão.

Outra característica da “melhor idade” é a disponibilidade de seus membros para tomar as montanhas de estimulantes e antidepressivos que seus médicos lhes receitam e depois não conseguem retirar. Outro dia, bem cedo, um jovem casal cruzou comigo no Leblon. Talvez vendo em mim um pterodáctilo da clássica boemia carioca, o rapaz perguntou: “Voltando da farra, Ruy?”. Respondi, eufórico: “Que nada! Estou voltando da farmácia!”. E esta, de fato, é uma grande vantagem da “melhor idade”: você extrai prazer de qualquer lugar a que ainda consiga ir.

(Ruy Castro. Folha de S.Paulo, 29.01.2012. Adaptado)

*João Ubaldo Ribeiro: escritor baiano, autor, entre várias obras, de Viva o povo brasileiro.

1 Disponível em http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2005/decreto/d5626.htm Acesso em 22/05/2022

2 Disponível em: https://revistas.unilasalle.edu.br/index.php/Educacao/article/view/6614 Acesso em 22/05/2022.

3 Disponível em https://www.facebook.com/surdalidades/photos/a.354534317912494/966689483363638/?type=3&theater. Acesso em 22/05/2022

4 NAKAGAWA, Hugo Eiji Ibanhes. Culturas surdas: o que se vê, o que se ouve. Dissertação de Mestrado em Cultura e Comunicação. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa 26 (FLUL) e a Universidade de Lisboa (UL), 2012 Disponível em https://docplayer.com.br/10240491-Culturas-surdas-o-que-se-ve-oque-se-ouve.htmlAcesso em: 22/05/2022

5 LOPES,M.C. Surdez e educação. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2007.

6 Decreto Nº 5.626. Regu lamenta a Lei nº 10.436, de 24 de abril de 2002, que dispõe sobre a Língua Brasileira de Sinais – LIBRAS , e o art. 18 da Lei nº 10.098, de 19 de dezembro de 2000. Publicada no Diá rio Oficial da União em 22/12/2005.

7 PERLIN, G. T. T. Identidades surdas. In SKLIAR, Carlos (org) A surdez: um olhar sobre as diferenças. 3ª ed. Porto Alegre: Mediação, 2005

8 Disponível em https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/entretenimento/veja-os-premiados-do-oscar-2022/ Acesso em 23/05/2022

Reading skill will help you to improve your understanding of the language and build your vocabulary.

Social Media Across Generations

Today’s grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media, but the different generations’ online habits couldn’t be more different. In the UK the over-55s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site’s second biggest user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55-64and 2.9 million over-65s.

Sheila, aged 59, says, I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It’s a much better way to see what they’re doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. That’s how we did it when I was a child, but I think I’m lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.

Ironically, Sheila’s grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 in the UK are leaving the site – only 2.2 million users are under 17 – but they’re not going far from their smartphones. Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. It’s my alarm clock so I have to she says. I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.

Unlike her grandmother’s generation, Chloe’s age group is spending so much time.......... their phones.......... home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life. Sheila, on the other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn’t heard...................40years. We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country, she says. It’s changed my social lifecompletely.

Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone.Peter, 38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly. I was always connected and I felt like I was always working, he says. How could I tell my kids to get off their phones if I was always in front of a screen myself? So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages. I’m not completely cut off from the world in case of emergencies, but the important thing is I’m setting a better example to my kids and spending more quality time with them.

Text

Reading skill will help you to improve your understanding of the language and build your vocabulary.

Read the text below carefully.

Social media, magazines and shop windows bombard people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes and shoes than ever before. Online shopping means it is easy for customers to buy without thinking, while major brands offer such cheap clothes that they can be treated like disposable items – worn two or three times and then thrown away

In Britain, the average person spends more than £1,000 on new clothes a year, which is around four per cent of their income. That might not sound like much, but that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment. First, a lot of that consumer spending is via credit cards. British people currently owe approximately £670 per adult to credit card companies. That’s 66 per cent of the average wardrobe budget. Also, not only are people spending money they don’t have, they’re using it to buy things they don’t need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill sites.

People might not realize they are part of the disposable clothing problem because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities. But charity shops can’t sell all those unwanted clothes. Fast fashion goes out of fashion as quickly as it came in and is often too poor quality to recycle; people don’t want to buy it second-hand. Huge quantities end up being thrown away, and a lot of clothes that charities can’t sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.

However, a different trend is springing up in opposition to consumerism – the ‘buy nothing’ trend. The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US, where it became a rejection of the overspending and overconsumption of Black Friday and Cyber Monday during Thanksgiving weekend. On Buy Nothing Day people organize various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organize the exchange and repair of items they already own.

The trend has now reached influencers on social media who usually share posts of clothing and make- -up that they recommend for people to buy. Some YouTube stars now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year. Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example haircuts, eating out at restaurants or buying petrol for their cars. In one year, they’d saved $55,000.

The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved. If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive. But even if you can’t manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti-consumerist movement by refusing to buy things you don’t need. Buy Nothing groups send a clear message to companies that people are no longer willing to accept the environmental and human cost of overconsumption.

source: learnenglish.britishcouncil.org