Questões de Concursos: APMBB

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71 Q19084 | Português, Auxiliar de Oficiais da Polícia Militar, APMBB, VUNESP

Texto associado.
Leia o capítulo de Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis, para responder às questões a seguir.

O cimo da montanha

Quem escapa a um perigo ama a vida com outra intensidade. Entrei a amar Virgília com muito mais ardor, depois que estive a pique de a perder, e a mesma coisa lhe aconteceu a ela. Assim, a presidência não fez mais do que avivar a afeição primitiva; foi a droga com que tornamos mais saboroso o nosso amor, e mais prezado também. Nos primeiros dias, depois daquele incidente, folgávamos de imaginar a dor da separação, se houvesse separação, a tristeza de um e de outro, à proporção que o mar, como uma toalha elástica, se fosse dilatando entre nós; e, semelhantes às crianças, que se achegam ao regaço das mães, para fugir a uma simples careta, fugíamos do suposto perigo, apertando-nos com abraços.
— Minha boa Virgília!
— Meu amor!
— Tu és minha, não?
— Tua, tua...
    E assim reatamos o fio da aventura, como a sultana Scheherazade* o dos seus contos. Esse foi, cuido eu, o ponto máximo do nosso amor, o cimo da montanha, donde por algum tempo divisamos os vales de leste e de oeste, e por cima de nós o céu tranquilo e azul. Repousado esse tempo, começamos a descer a encosta, com as mãos presas ou soltas, mas a descer, a descer...
*personagem principal das Mil e uma noites, em que é a narradora que conta ao sultão as histórias que vão adiando a sentença de morte dela.

(1998, p. 128-129)
... folgávamos de imaginar a dor da separação, se houvesse separação, a tristeza de um e de outro, à proporção que o mar, como uma toalha elástica, se fosse dilatando entre nós; e, semelhantes às crianças, que se achegam ao regaço das mães, para fugir a uma simples careta, fugíamos do suposto perigo, apertando-nos com abraços.

No contexto, os termos se, como e para, em destaque, estabelecem, respectivamente, relações de

72 Q15784 | Inglês, Aluno Oficial, APMBB, VUNESP

Texto associado.
Police and Human Rights – Manual for Police Training

How can respecting human rights help the police?

Respect for human rights by law enforcement agencies actually enhances the effectiveness of those agencies. Where human rights are systematically respected, police officers have developed professionalism in their approaches to solving and preventing crime and maintaining public order. In this sense, respect for human rights by police is, in addition to being a moral, legal and ethical imperative, also a practical requirement for law enforcement. When the police are seen to respect, uphold and defend human rights:

• Public confidence is built and community cooperation fostered.
• Legal prosecutions are successful in court. • Police are seen as part of the community, performing a valuable social function.
• The fair administration of justice is served, and, consequently, confidence in the system.
• An example is set for respect for the law by others in the society.
• Police are able to be closer to the community, and, therefore, in a position to prevent and solve crimes through proactive policing.
• Support is elicited from the media, from the international community, and from higher authorities.
• A contribution is made to the peaceful resolution of conflicts and complaints. 

An effective police service is one that serves as the first line of defense in the protection of human rights. Its members carry out their work in a way, which does not rely upon fear and raw power but, on the contrary, is based on regard for the law, honor, and professionalism.

What role does training play in protecting human rights?

The effective training of police in human rights is an essential element in the global efforts to promote and protect human rights in every country. In order to protect human rights, the police must first know and understand them. Furthermore, police officers must be familiar with the various international guidelines and bodies of principles – such as the Code of Conduct for law enforcement officials and the principles on the use of force and firearms – and be able to use them as tools in their everyday work. They must understand the fact that international human rights standards concerning their work were developed to provide invaluable guidance for the performance of their crucial functions in a democratic society. However, police officers in the line of duty should know not only what the rules are, but also how to do their job effectively within the confines of those rules.

Doesn’t concern for human rights hinder effective police work? 

Most people have heard the argument that respect for human rights is somehow opposed to effective law enforcement. And effective law enforcement means to capture the criminal. And to secure his conviction, it is necessary to “bend the rules” a little. A tendency to use overwhelming force in controlling demonstrations, physical pressure to extract information from detainees, or excessive force to secure an arrest can be observed now and then. In this way of thinking, law enforcement is a war against crime, and human rights are merely obstacles thrown in the path of the police by lawyers and NGOs. In fact, violations of human rights ––78–––– police only make the already challenging task of law enforcement ––– 79––– . When the law enforcer ––– 80––– the lawbreaker, the result is an assault on human dignity, on the law itself and on all institutions of public authority.

(G. Kalajdziev, et al. www.humanrights.dk. Adaptado.)
Segundo o texto, uma das tarefas da polícia é

74 Q19066 | Princípios Normas e Atribuições Institucionais, Auxiliar de Oficiais da Polícia Militar, APMBB, VUNESP

A última década do século XIX e a primeira década do século XX são marcadas pela expansão do poder político paulista e de seu braço armado (a Força Pública) na Federação. Esse projeto continuado de reforma da Polícia atravessa sucessivos mandatos de Presidentes do Estado e resulta no salto organizacional da Força Pública, que adquire contornos precisos de um ”Pequeno Exército Paulista”. São manifestações desse projeto de utilizar a Força no cumprimento de tal projeto de poder:

75 Q19049 | Direito Penal, Auxiliar de Oficiais da Polícia Militar, APMBB, VUNESP

Conforme o previsto na Parte Especial do Código Penal, é correto afirmar que

76 Q15787 | Inglês, Aluno Oficial, APMBB, VUNESP

Texto associado.
Police and Human Rights – Manual for Police Training

How can respecting human rights help the police?

Respect for human rights by law enforcement agencies actually enhances the effectiveness of those agencies. Where human rights are systematically respected, police officers have developed professionalism in their approaches to solving and preventing crime and maintaining public order. In this sense, respect for human rights by police is, in addition to being a moral, legal and ethical imperative, also a practical requirement for law enforcement. When the police are seen to respect, uphold and defend human rights:

• Public confidence is built and community cooperation fostered.
• Legal prosecutions are successful in court. • Police are seen as part of the community, performing a valuable social function.
• The fair administration of justice is served, and, consequently, confidence in the system.
• An example is set for respect for the law by others in the society.
• Police are able to be closer to the community, and, therefore, in a position to prevent and solve crimes through proactive policing.
• Support is elicited from the media, from the international community, and from higher authorities.
• A contribution is made to the peaceful resolution of conflicts and complaints. 

An effective police service is one that serves as the first line of defense in the protection of human rights. Its members carry out their work in a way, which does not rely upon fear and raw power but, on the contrary, is based on regard for the law, honor, and professionalism.

What role does training play in protecting human rights?

The effective training of police in human rights is an essential element in the global efforts to promote and protect human rights in every country. In order to protect human rights, the police must first know and understand them. Furthermore, police officers must be familiar with the various international guidelines and bodies of principles – such as the Code of Conduct for law enforcement officials and the principles on the use of force and firearms – and be able to use them as tools in their everyday work. They must understand the fact that international human rights standards concerning their work were developed to provide invaluable guidance for the performance of their crucial functions in a democratic society. However, police officers in the line of duty should know not only what the rules are, but also how to do their job effectively within the confines of those rules.

Doesn’t concern for human rights hinder effective police work? 

Most people have heard the argument that respect for human rights is somehow opposed to effective law enforcement. And effective law enforcement means to capture the criminal. And to secure his conviction, it is necessary to “bend the rules” a little. A tendency to use overwhelming force in controlling demonstrations, physical pressure to extract information from detainees, or excessive force to secure an arrest can be observed now and then. In this way of thinking, law enforcement is a war against crime, and human rights are merely obstacles thrown in the path of the police by lawyers and NGOs. In fact, violations of human rights ––78–––– police only make the already challenging task of law enforcement ––– 79––– . When the law enforcer ––– 80––– the lawbreaker, the result is an assault on human dignity, on the law itself and on all institutions of public authority.

(G. Kalajdziev, et al. www.humanrights.dk. Adaptado.)
A expressão bend the rules, no trecho – And to secure his conviction, it is necessary to “bend the rules” a little. –, equivale, em português, a

77 Q15786 | Inglês, Aluno Oficial, APMBB, VUNESP

Texto associado.
Police and Human Rights – Manual for Police Training

How can respecting human rights help the police?

Respect for human rights by law enforcement agencies actually enhances the effectiveness of those agencies. Where human rights are systematically respected, police officers have developed professionalism in their approaches to solving and preventing crime and maintaining public order. In this sense, respect for human rights by police is, in addition to being a moral, legal and ethical imperative, also a practical requirement for law enforcement. When the police are seen to respect, uphold and defend human rights:

• Public confidence is built and community cooperation fostered.
• Legal prosecutions are successful in court. • Police are seen as part of the community, performing a valuable social function.
• The fair administration of justice is served, and, consequently, confidence in the system.
• An example is set for respect for the law by others in the society.
• Police are able to be closer to the community, and, therefore, in a position to prevent and solve crimes through proactive policing.
• Support is elicited from the media, from the international community, and from higher authorities.
• A contribution is made to the peaceful resolution of conflicts and complaints. 

An effective police service is one that serves as the first line of defense in the protection of human rights. Its members carry out their work in a way, which does not rely upon fear and raw power but, on the contrary, is based on regard for the law, honor, and professionalism.

What role does training play in protecting human rights?

The effective training of police in human rights is an essential element in the global efforts to promote and protect human rights in every country. In order to protect human rights, the police must first know and understand them. Furthermore, police officers must be familiar with the various international guidelines and bodies of principles – such as the Code of Conduct for law enforcement officials and the principles on the use of force and firearms – and be able to use them as tools in their everyday work. They must understand the fact that international human rights standards concerning their work were developed to provide invaluable guidance for the performance of their crucial functions in a democratic society. However, police officers in the line of duty should know not only what the rules are, but also how to do their job effectively within the confines of those rules.

Doesn’t concern for human rights hinder effective police work? 

Most people have heard the argument that respect for human rights is somehow opposed to effective law enforcement. And effective law enforcement means to capture the criminal. And to secure his conviction, it is necessary to “bend the rules” a little. A tendency to use overwhelming force in controlling demonstrations, physical pressure to extract information from detainees, or excessive force to secure an arrest can be observed now and then. In this way of thinking, law enforcement is a war against crime, and human rights are merely obstacles thrown in the path of the police by lawyers and NGOs. In fact, violations of human rights ––78–––– police only make the already challenging task of law enforcement ––– 79––– . When the law enforcer ––– 80––– the lawbreaker, the result is an assault on human dignity, on the law itself and on all institutions of public authority.

(G. Kalajdziev, et al. www.humanrights.dk. Adaptado.)
Whenever enforcing the law, police should

78 Q19088 | Conhecimentos Gerais e Atualidades, Atualidades, Auxiliar de Oficiais da Polícia Militar, APMBB, VUNESP

A maioria dos eleitores do país rejeitou a redução da maioridade penal no país de 18 para 16 anos para criminosos que cometem delitos graves. Segundo a Corte Eleitoral, 53% dos eleitores foram contra a mudança. A consulta ocorreu no domingo junto com a escolha do sucessor do presidente José Mujica e dos membros do Congresso.

(http://goo.gI/6RNKHV, 27.10.2014)

A notícia trata

79 Q15777 | Português, Aluno Oficial, APMBB, VUNESP

Texto associado.
Mãos dadas

Não serei o poeta de um mundo caduco.
Também não cantarei o mundo futuro.
Estou preso à vida e olho meus companheiros.
Estão taciturnos mas nutrem grandes esperanças.
Entre eles, considero a enorme realidade.
O presente é tão grande, não nos afastemos.
Não nos afastemos muito, vamos de mãos dadas.


Não serei o cantor de uma mulher, de uma história,
não direi os suspiros ao anoitecer, a paisagem vista da janela,
não distribuirei entorpecentes ou cartas de suicida,
não fugirei para as ilhas nem serei raptado por serafins.
O tempo é a minha matéria, o tempo presente, os homens presentes,
a vida presente.


(Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Obra completa.)
A exortação contida no verso Não nos afastemos muito, vamos de mãos dadas também estaria expressa de maneira coerente e gramaticalmente correta na seguinte frase:

80 Q15790 | Inglês, Aluno Oficial, APMBB, VUNESP

Texto associado.
Police and Human Rights – Manual for Police Training

How can respecting human rights help the police?

Respect for human rights by law enforcement agencies actually enhances the effectiveness of those agencies. Where human rights are systematically respected, police officers have developed professionalism in their approaches to solving and preventing crime and maintaining public order. In this sense, respect for human rights by police is, in addition to being a moral, legal and ethical imperative, also a practical requirement for law enforcement. When the police are seen to respect, uphold and defend human rights:

• Public confidence is built and community cooperation fostered.
• Legal prosecutions are successful in court. • Police are seen as part of the community, performing a valuable social function.
• The fair administration of justice is served, and, consequently, confidence in the system.
• An example is set for respect for the law by others in the society.
• Police are able to be closer to the community, and, therefore, in a position to prevent and solve crimes through proactive policing.
• Support is elicited from the media, from the international community, and from higher authorities.
• A contribution is made to the peaceful resolution of conflicts and complaints. 

An effective police service is one that serves as the first line of defense in the protection of human rights. Its members carry out their work in a way, which does not rely upon fear and raw power but, on the contrary, is based on regard for the law, honor, and professionalism.

What role does training play in protecting human rights?

The effective training of police in human rights is an essential element in the global efforts to promote and protect human rights in every country. In order to protect human rights, the police must first know and understand them. Furthermore, police officers must be familiar with the various international guidelines and bodies of principles – such as the Code of Conduct for law enforcement officials and the principles on the use of force and firearms – and be able to use them as tools in their everyday work. They must understand the fact that international human rights standards concerning their work were developed to provide invaluable guidance for the performance of their crucial functions in a democratic society. However, police officers in the line of duty should know not only what the rules are, but also how to do their job effectively within the confines of those rules.

Doesn’t concern for human rights hinder effective police work? 

Most people have heard the argument that respect for human rights is somehow opposed to effective law enforcement. And effective law enforcement means to capture the criminal. And to secure his conviction, it is necessary to “bend the rules” a little. A tendency to use overwhelming force in controlling demonstrations, physical pressure to extract information from detainees, or excessive force to secure an arrest can be observed now and then. In this way of thinking, law enforcement is a war against crime, and human rights are merely obstacles thrown in the path of the police by lawyers and NGOs. In fact, violations of human rights ––78–––– police only make the already challenging task of law enforcement ––– 79––– . When the law enforcer ––– 80––– the lawbreaker, the result is an assault on human dignity, on the law itself and on all institutions of public authority.

(G. Kalajdziev, et al. www.humanrights.dk. Adaptado.)
No trecho – However, police officers in the line of duty should know not only what the rules are – a palavra should pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
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