Início

Questões de Concursos FME de Niterói RJ

Resolva questões de FME de Niterói RJ comentadas com gabarito, online ou em PDF, revisando rapidamente e fixando o conteúdo de forma prática.

21Q1023127 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.
Read Text 2 and answer question.

TEXT 2

Criticisms of Methods

Despite the potential gains from a study of methods, it is important to acknowledge that a number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior, and that teachers are encouraged by textbook publishers and academics to implement them whether or not the methods are appropriate for a particular context (Pennycook 1989). Others have noted that the search for the best method is ill-advised (Prabhu 1990; Bartolome 1994); that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991); that methodological labels tell us little about what really goes on in classrooms (Katz 1996); and that teachers experience a certain fatigue concerning the constant coming and going of fashions in methods (Rajagopalan 2007). Hinkel (2006) also notes that the need for situationally relevant language pedagogy has brought about the decline of methods.

These criticisms deserve consideration. It is possible that a particular method may be imposed on teachers by others. However, these others are likely to be disappointed if they hope that mandating a particular method will lead to standardization. For we know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. Teachers are not mere conveyor belts delivering language through inflexible prescribed and proscribed behaviors (Larsen-Freeman 1991); they are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions-informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is not only going to be affected by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, what they and the teacher expect as appropriate social roles, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context in which the instruction takes place.Even the ‘right’ method will not compensate for inadequate conditions of learning, or overcome sociopolitical inequities. Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

What critics of language teaching methods have to offer us is important. Admittedly, at this point in the evolution of our field, there is little empirical support for a particular method, although there may be some empirical support in second language acquisition research for methodological principles (Long 2009). Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; ANDERSON, M. Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. 2011. Oxford: OUP. Adaptado.
In the sentence “Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy”, the author uses the Present Perfect Simple
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

22Q909369 | Psicologia, Psicólogo, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Na postagem do CFP, intitulada Dez Razões para Psicologia e Serviço Social na Educação Básica, encontra-se, como uma das justificativas, a tendência de que “A presença de psicólogas(os) e assistentes sociais nas escolas pode contribuir significativamente para a efetivação de direitos e políticas públicas tão essenciais às crianças em idade escolar, como o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial, o Estatuto da Juventude e o Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência”. Diante de lutas tão importantes para que haja uma inclusão efetiva, é fundamental que esses profissionais conheçam as políticas que contemplam estudantes e suas famílias nas diversidades que singularizam suas vidas. No que diz respeito à realidade da educação inclusiva, assinale a opção correta.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

23Q909368 | Psicologia, Psicólogo, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Prefaciando o livro Vygotsky: aprendizado e desenvolvimento, um processo sócio-histórico, Jaan Valsiner afirma que o estudioso de literatura e psicólogo do desenvolvimento “está se tornando um herói das ciências educacionais e sociais de nosso tempo – mais de meio século após sua morte”, mas que “há um certo infortúnio na fama, particularmente na fama póstuma. Nem sempre, ao crescer a fama de uma pessoa, a análise substantiva de suas ideias avança em ritmo correspondente”.

Sobre as ideias de Vygotsky, pode-se afirmar que

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

24Q1019862 | Espanhol, Ensino de Língua Espanhola, Professor II Língua Espanhola, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Con respecto a los géneros orales y escritos en la escuela, es correcto afirmar que:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

25Q1019864 | Espanhol, Ensino de Língua Espanhola, Professor II Língua Espanhola, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Se entiende por Educación Lingüística en lengua española:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

26Q1019865 | Espanhol, Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura, Professor II Língua Espanhola, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Lea la siguiente cita y responda lo que se pregunta.

“En Ecuador, en Colombia, en algunas de estas regiones de los Andes, usted encuentra lugares donde las montañas forman parejas. Tienen madre, hijo, tienen una familia de montañas que intercambian afecto, hacen intercambios. Y la gente que vive en esos valles hacen fiestas para esas montañas, dan de comer, dan regalos, ganan regalos de las montañas. ¿Por qué esas narrativas no nos entusiasman? ¿Por qué ellas van siendo olvidadas y borradas a favor de una narrativa globalizante, superficial, que quiere contar la misma historia a nosotros?” (Krenak, 2020, p. 18-19).

Según el fragmento, es posible comprender la función de la educación lingüística intercultural pues ésta:

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

27Q909367 | Psicologia, Psicólogo, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Paulo Freire mostra, em sua obra Pedagogia da Indignação, uma preocupação com um descompasso geracional no que diz respeito ao acompanhamento das transformações dos novos tempos, principalmente diante da aceleração característica dos últimos cem anos. O autor nos propõe forjar em nós uma qualidade sem a qual dificilmente conseguiremos compreender adolescentes e jovens: “a capacidade crítica, jamais ‘sonolenta’ sempre desperta à inteligência do novo. Do inusitado que, embora às vezes nos espante e nos incomode, até, não pode ser desconsiderado, só por isso, um desvalor”. Para validar a importância de se acompanhar as novas tecnologias, Paulo Freire afirma que

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

28Q909364 | Psicologia, Psicólogo, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

“A partir do fato de que escola pública elementar tem fracassado em sua função de escolarizar a maioria das crianças brasileiras e levando em conta que as crianças mais atingidas pertencem aos segmentos mais pobres das classes trabalhadoras, o artigo analisa os determinantes da má qualidade da escola oferecida a estas crianças. Entre estes determinantes, o preconceito contra pobres e negros, de profundas raízes na sociedade brasileira, atua como poderoso estruturante das práticas e processos que se dão na escola. A superação deste estado de coisas é discutida no âmbito dos direitos da cidadania e das relações de poder numa sociedade de classes.” (PATTO, 1992, p. 107).

Esse é o resumo do artigo intitulado Família Pobre e Escola Pública: anotações de um desencontro. A despeito de o texto ter sido publicado há cerca de três décadas, há nele algo que persiste como bastante atual. Em relação a esse tema, assinale a opção correta.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

29Q1023119 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.
Read Text 2 and answer question.

TEXT 2

Criticisms of Methods

Despite the potential gains from a study of methods, it is important to acknowledge that a number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior, and that teachers are encouraged by textbook publishers and academics to implement them whether or not the methods are appropriate for a particular context (Pennycook 1989). Others have noted that the search for the best method is ill-advised (Prabhu 1990; Bartolome 1994); that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991); that methodological labels tell us little about what really goes on in classrooms (Katz 1996); and that teachers experience a certain fatigue concerning the constant coming and going of fashions in methods (Rajagopalan 2007). Hinkel (2006) also notes that the need for situationally relevant language pedagogy has brought about the decline of methods.

These criticisms deserve consideration. It is possible that a particular method may be imposed on teachers by others. However, these others are likely to be disappointed if they hope that mandating a particular method will lead to standardization. For we know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. Teachers are not mere conveyor belts delivering language through inflexible prescribed and proscribed behaviors (Larsen-Freeman 1991); they are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions-informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is not only going to be affected by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, what they and the teacher expect as appropriate social roles, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context in which the instruction takes place.Even the ‘right’ method will not compensate for inadequate conditions of learning, or overcome sociopolitical inequities. Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

What critics of language teaching methods have to offer us is important. Admittedly, at this point in the evolution of our field, there is little empirical support for a particular method, although there may be some empirical support in second language acquisition research for methodological principles (Long 2009). Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; ANDERSON, M. Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. 2011. Oxford: OUP. Adaptado.
According to Text 2, these are aspects which may affect the adoption of certain method
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

30Q1023125 | Inglês, Palavras Conectivas Connective Words, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.
Read Text 2 and answer question.

TEXT 2

Criticisms of Methods

Despite the potential gains from a study of methods, it is important to acknowledge that a number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior, and that teachers are encouraged by textbook publishers and academics to implement them whether or not the methods are appropriate for a particular context (Pennycook 1989). Others have noted that the search for the best method is ill-advised (Prabhu 1990; Bartolome 1994); that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991); that methodological labels tell us little about what really goes on in classrooms (Katz 1996); and that teachers experience a certain fatigue concerning the constant coming and going of fashions in methods (Rajagopalan 2007). Hinkel (2006) also notes that the need for situationally relevant language pedagogy has brought about the decline of methods.

These criticisms deserve consideration. It is possible that a particular method may be imposed on teachers by others. However, these others are likely to be disappointed if they hope that mandating a particular method will lead to standardization. For we know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. Teachers are not mere conveyor belts delivering language through inflexible prescribed and proscribed behaviors (Larsen-Freeman 1991); they are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions-informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is not only going to be affected by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, what they and the teacher expect as appropriate social roles, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context in which the instruction takes place.Even the ‘right’ method will not compensate for inadequate conditions of learning, or overcome sociopolitical inequities. Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

What critics of language teaching methods have to offer us is important. Admittedly, at this point in the evolution of our field, there is little empirical support for a particular method, although there may be some empirical support in second language acquisition research for methodological principles (Long 2009). Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; ANDERSON, M. Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. 2011. Oxford: OUP. Adaptado.
“Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations.” The expression in bold indicates
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

31Q1019866 | Espanhol, Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura, Professor II Língua Espanhola, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Lea el siguiente texto y responda lo que se pregunta.


Manifiesto (Hablo por mi diferencia)


No soy Pasolini pidiendo explicaciones

No soy Ginsberg expulsado de Cuba

No soy un marica disfrazado de poeta

No necesito disfraz

Aquí está mi cara

Hablo por mi diferencia

Defiendo lo que soy

Y no soy tan raro

Me apesta la injusticia

Y sospecho de esta cueca democrática

Pero no me hable del proletariado

Porque ser pobre y maricón es peor

Hay que ser ácido para soportarlo

Es darle un rodeo a los machitos de la esquina

Es un padre que te odia

Porque al hijo se le dobla la patita

Es tener una madre de manos tajeadas por el cloro

Envejecidas de limpieza

Acunándote de enfermo

Por malas costumbres

Por mala suerte

Como la dictadura

Peor que la dictadura

Porque la dictadura pasa

Y viene la democracia

Y detrasito el socialismo

¿Y entonces?

¿Qué harán con nosotros compañero?

El escritor y activista chileno, Pedro Lemebel, en un fragmento de su manifiesto, desarrolla como crítica principal:

(Pedro Lemebel)

LEMEBEL, Pedro.Loco Afán: crónicas de sidario, Santiago: Lom Ediciones, 1997, p. 83-90. (N. del E.) El escritor y activista chileno, Pedro Lemebel, en un fragmentode su manifiesto, desarrolla como crítica principal

El escritor y activista chileno, Pedro Lemebel, en un fragmento de su manifiesto, desarrolla como crítica principal:

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

32Q1019869 | Espanhol, Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura, Professor II Língua Espanhola, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.
Lea el poema a continuación y responda la pregunta.

Vivir en la Frontera

Vivir en la Frontera significa que tú
no eres ni hispana india negra española
ni gabacha, eres mestiza, mulata, híbrida
atrapada en el fuego cruzado entre los bandos
mientras llevas las cinco razas sobre tu espalda
sin saber para qué lado volverte, de cuál correr;
Vivir en la Frontera significa saber
que la india en ti, traicionada por 500 años,
ya no te está hablando,
que las mexicanas te llaman rajetas,
que negar a lo Anglo dentro tuyo
es tan malo como haber negado a la India o a la
Negra;

Cuando vives en la frontera l
a gente camina a través tuyo, el viento roba tu voz,
eres una burra, buey, un chivo expiatorio,
anunciadora de una nueva raza,
mitad y mitad - tanto mujer como hombre, ningunoun
nuevo género;

Vivir en la Frontera significa poner chile en el borscht,
comer tortillas de maíz integral,
hablar Tex-Mex con acento de Brooklyn;
ser detenida por la migra en los puntos de control
fronterizos;

Vivir en la Frontera significa que luchas diaramente para
resistir al elixir de oro que te llama desde la botella,
el tirón del cañón de la pistola,
la soga aplastando el hueco de tu garganta;
En la Frontera
tú eres el campo de batalla
donde los enemigos están emparentados entre sí;
tú estás en casa, una extraña,
las disputas de límites han sido dirimidas
el estampido de los disparos ha hecho trizas la tregua
estás herida, perdida en acción
muerta, resistiendo;

Vivir en la Frontera significa
el molino con los blancos dientes de navaja quiere
arrancar en tiras
tu piel rojo-oliva, exprimir la pulpa, tu corazón
pulverizarte apretarte alisarte
oliendo como pan blanco pero muerta;

Para sobrevivir en la Frontera
debes vivir sin fronteras
ser un cruce de caminos.

Fuente: https://madameho.wordpress.com/2016/08/18/ borderlandsla-frontera-the-new-mestiza-1987-by-gloriaanzaldua/. Accedido en el: 28/12/2023
En el poema anterior, la escritora y activista chicana Gloria Anzaldúa (1942-2004) reivindica la frontera como territorio:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

33Q909362 | Psicologia, Psicólogo, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Há mais ou menos uma década, foram publicados dois artigos que abordam questões ainda vivas no campo da educação. Seus autores, Maria Helena Souza Patto coloca em pauta o ensino a distância e a falência da educação, enquanto Fabio Scorsolini-Comin discute as repercussões do uso de Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDICs) no campo da Psicologia da Educação. A partir de seus trabalhos, é correto afirmar que

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

34Q1080412 | Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência, Disposições Preliminares, Agente Educacional, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

O atendimento prioritário previsto no Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

35Q1023116 | Inglês, Vocabulário Vocabulary, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.

Read Text 1 and answer question.


TEXT 1


English Language Teaching in Brazil:

A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice


Only three percent of Brazilians are estimated to speak English despite the status of this language as a mandatory subject in grades 10 to 12 of basic education and preferred foreign language in grades 5 to 9. The widespread concept in the Brazilian society that speaking English is beneficial to individuals because it provides access to the globalised world does not seem to be enough to promote the actual learning of the language by the majority of the population, and it is argued here that this fact has to do with a gap in the foreign language teaching policy documents: the 2015 National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB 2015), the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Primary Education (PCN-EF), and the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCN-EM). These documents do not prescribe the necessary conditions for English Language Teaching (ELT) to take place effectively, but, instead, provide suggestions for teachers on how to adapt to the status quo, which means focusing on reading to the detriment of the other aspects of the English language due to a number of factors ranging from a lack of resources to a large number of students per class.


Both PCN-EF (Brazil, 1998) and PCN-EM (Brazil, 2000) present progressive ideas about how a foreign language should be taught in the basic education classroom. Such ideas include a social interactionist view of language, which aligns with contemporary research in second language teaching and means a shift from the traditional grammar-translation method largely employed in Brazilian schools in previous decades. The Parameters also recommend interdisciplinary work, the implementation of cross-curricular themes, formative assessment in addition to summative, a value of students’ prior knowledge and position as critical subjects, and, thus, an approach to teaching as negotiation that aims to educate students for the full exercise of citizenship, which includes the notions of respect for difference and diversity that can be promoted by the teaching and learning of foreign languages.


However, the Parameters fail in pointing out the necessary conditions for this teaching and learning process to occur. For example, they acknowledge that reading and writing should be focused on to the detriment of listening and speaking due to the difficulties faced by the teacher in basic education (Brazil, 1998): large classrooms, lack of appropriate resources including class and preparation time for the teacher and opportunities for the students to be exposed to the language outside the classroom, and, in many situations, teachers’ lack of knowledge of the subject matter. Instead, what they should do is to actively propose that a smaller number of students sit in English classes – as it was allowed by LDB 1996 and continues to be so by LDB 2015, that more class and preparation time be granted the teacher, that schools have English resources that students can access to familiarise themselves with the language, and that better teacher education be implemented.


BATISTA, Fernanda. English Language Teaching in Brazil: A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice. 2020. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1262339.pdf. Acesso em 30/12/2023 Adaptado.

The words classroom, parameters and knowledge belong to the same part of speech as
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

36Q1023117 | Inglês, Palavras Conectivas Connective Words, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.

Read Text 1 and answer question.


TEXT 1


English Language Teaching in Brazil:

A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice


Only three percent of Brazilians are estimated to speak English despite the status of this language as a mandatory subject in grades 10 to 12 of basic education and preferred foreign language in grades 5 to 9. The widespread concept in the Brazilian society that speaking English is beneficial to individuals because it provides access to the globalised world does not seem to be enough to promote the actual learning of the language by the majority of the population, and it is argued here that this fact has to do with a gap in the foreign language teaching policy documents: the 2015 National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB 2015), the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Primary Education (PCN-EF), and the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCN-EM). These documents do not prescribe the necessary conditions for English Language Teaching (ELT) to take place effectively, but, instead, provide suggestions for teachers on how to adapt to the status quo, which means focusing on reading to the detriment of the other aspects of the English language due to a number of factors ranging from a lack of resources to a large number of students per class.


Both PCN-EF (Brazil, 1998) and PCN-EM (Brazil, 2000) present progressive ideas about how a foreign language should be taught in the basic education classroom. Such ideas include a social interactionist view of language, which aligns with contemporary research in second language teaching and means a shift from the traditional grammar-translation method largely employed in Brazilian schools in previous decades. The Parameters also recommend interdisciplinary work, the implementation of cross-curricular themes, formative assessment in addition to summative, a value of students’ prior knowledge and position as critical subjects, and, thus, an approach to teaching as negotiation that aims to educate students for the full exercise of citizenship, which includes the notions of respect for difference and diversity that can be promoted by the teaching and learning of foreign languages.


However, the Parameters fail in pointing out the necessary conditions for this teaching and learning process to occur. For example, they acknowledge that reading and writing should be focused on to the detriment of listening and speaking due to the difficulties faced by the teacher in basic education (Brazil, 1998): large classrooms, lack of appropriate resources including class and preparation time for the teacher and opportunities for the students to be exposed to the language outside the classroom, and, in many situations, teachers’ lack of knowledge of the subject matter. Instead, what they should do is to actively propose that a smaller number of students sit in English classes – as it was allowed by LDB 1996 and continues to be so by LDB 2015, that more class and preparation time be granted the teacher, that schools have English resources that students can access to familiarise themselves with the language, and that better teacher education be implemented.


BATISTA, Fernanda. English Language Teaching in Brazil: A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice. 2020. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1262339.pdf. Acesso em 30/12/2023 Adaptado.

“Both PCN-EF (Brazil, 1998) and PCN-EM (Brazil, 2000) present progressive ideas about how a foreign language should be taught in the basic education classroom.” The alternative that presents an expression with similar meaning to both... and is
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

37Q1023115 | Inglês, Advérbios e Conjunções Adverbs And Conjunctions, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.

Read Text 1 and answer question.


TEXT 1


English Language Teaching in Brazil:

A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice


Only three percent of Brazilians are estimated to speak English despite the status of this language as a mandatory subject in grades 10 to 12 of basic education and preferred foreign language in grades 5 to 9. The widespread concept in the Brazilian society that speaking English is beneficial to individuals because it provides access to the globalised world does not seem to be enough to promote the actual learning of the language by the majority of the population, and it is argued here that this fact has to do with a gap in the foreign language teaching policy documents: the 2015 National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB 2015), the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Primary Education (PCN-EF), and the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCN-EM). These documents do not prescribe the necessary conditions for English Language Teaching (ELT) to take place effectively, but, instead, provide suggestions for teachers on how to adapt to the status quo, which means focusing on reading to the detriment of the other aspects of the English language due to a number of factors ranging from a lack of resources to a large number of students per class.


Both PCN-EF (Brazil, 1998) and PCN-EM (Brazil, 2000) present progressive ideas about how a foreign language should be taught in the basic education classroom. Such ideas include a social interactionist view of language, which aligns with contemporary research in second language teaching and means a shift from the traditional grammar-translation method largely employed in Brazilian schools in previous decades. The Parameters also recommend interdisciplinary work, the implementation of cross-curricular themes, formative assessment in addition to summative, a value of students’ prior knowledge and position as critical subjects, and, thus, an approach to teaching as negotiation that aims to educate students for the full exercise of citizenship, which includes the notions of respect for difference and diversity that can be promoted by the teaching and learning of foreign languages.


However, the Parameters fail in pointing out the necessary conditions for this teaching and learning process to occur. For example, they acknowledge that reading and writing should be focused on to the detriment of listening and speaking due to the difficulties faced by the teacher in basic education (Brazil, 1998): large classrooms, lack of appropriate resources including class and preparation time for the teacher and opportunities for the students to be exposed to the language outside the classroom, and, in many situations, teachers’ lack of knowledge of the subject matter. Instead, what they should do is to actively propose that a smaller number of students sit in English classes – as it was allowed by LDB 1996 and continues to be so by LDB 2015, that more class and preparation time be granted the teacher, that schools have English resources that students can access to familiarise themselves with the language, and that better teacher education be implemented.


BATISTA, Fernanda. English Language Teaching in Brazil: A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice. 2020. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1262339.pdf. Acesso em 30/12/2023 Adaptado.

The words effectively and largely are examples of
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

38Q1023113 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.

Read Text 1 and answer question.


TEXT 1


English Language Teaching in Brazil:

A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice


Only three percent of Brazilians are estimated to speak English despite the status of this language as a mandatory subject in grades 10 to 12 of basic education and preferred foreign language in grades 5 to 9. The widespread concept in the Brazilian society that speaking English is beneficial to individuals because it provides access to the globalised world does not seem to be enough to promote the actual learning of the language by the majority of the population, and it is argued here that this fact has to do with a gap in the foreign language teaching policy documents: the 2015 National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB 2015), the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Primary Education (PCN-EF), and the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCN-EM). These documents do not prescribe the necessary conditions for English Language Teaching (ELT) to take place effectively, but, instead, provide suggestions for teachers on how to adapt to the status quo, which means focusing on reading to the detriment of the other aspects of the English language due to a number of factors ranging from a lack of resources to a large number of students per class.


Both PCN-EF (Brazil, 1998) and PCN-EM (Brazil, 2000) present progressive ideas about how a foreign language should be taught in the basic education classroom. Such ideas include a social interactionist view of language, which aligns with contemporary research in second language teaching and means a shift from the traditional grammar-translation method largely employed in Brazilian schools in previous decades. The Parameters also recommend interdisciplinary work, the implementation of cross-curricular themes, formative assessment in addition to summative, a value of students’ prior knowledge and position as critical subjects, and, thus, an approach to teaching as negotiation that aims to educate students for the full exercise of citizenship, which includes the notions of respect for difference and diversity that can be promoted by the teaching and learning of foreign languages.


However, the Parameters fail in pointing out the necessary conditions for this teaching and learning process to occur. For example, they acknowledge that reading and writing should be focused on to the detriment of listening and speaking due to the difficulties faced by the teacher in basic education (Brazil, 1998): large classrooms, lack of appropriate resources including class and preparation time for the teacher and opportunities for the students to be exposed to the language outside the classroom, and, in many situations, teachers’ lack of knowledge of the subject matter. Instead, what they should do is to actively propose that a smaller number of students sit in English classes – as it was allowed by LDB 1996 and continues to be so by LDB 2015, that more class and preparation time be granted the teacher, that schools have English resources that students can access to familiarise themselves with the language, and that better teacher education be implemented.


BATISTA, Fernanda. English Language Teaching in Brazil: A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice. 2020. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1262339.pdf. Acesso em 30/12/2023 Adaptado.

In the fragment “These documents do not prescribe the necessary conditions for English Language Teaching (ELT) to take place effectively [...]”, the expression take place may be replaced by ______ without changing the meaning of the sentence:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

39Q1023124 | Inglês, Verbos Verbs, Professor II Língua Inglesa, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Texto associado.
Read Text 2 and answer question.

TEXT 2

Criticisms of Methods

Despite the potential gains from a study of methods, it is important to acknowledge that a number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior, and that teachers are encouraged by textbook publishers and academics to implement them whether or not the methods are appropriate for a particular context (Pennycook 1989). Others have noted that the search for the best method is ill-advised (Prabhu 1990; Bartolome 1994); that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991); that methodological labels tell us little about what really goes on in classrooms (Katz 1996); and that teachers experience a certain fatigue concerning the constant coming and going of fashions in methods (Rajagopalan 2007). Hinkel (2006) also notes that the need for situationally relevant language pedagogy has brought about the decline of methods.

These criticisms deserve consideration. It is possible that a particular method may be imposed on teachers by others. However, these others are likely to be disappointed if they hope that mandating a particular method will lead to standardization. For we know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. Teachers are not mere conveyor belts delivering language through inflexible prescribed and proscribed behaviors (Larsen-Freeman 1991); they are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions-informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is not only going to be affected by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, what they and the teacher expect as appropriate social roles, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context in which the instruction takes place.Even the ‘right’ method will not compensate for inadequate conditions of learning, or overcome sociopolitical inequities. Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

What critics of language teaching methods have to offer us is important. Admittedly, at this point in the evolution of our field, there is little empirical support for a particular method, although there may be some empirical support in second language acquisition research for methodological principles (Long 2009). Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; ANDERSON, M. Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. 2011. Oxford: OUP. Adaptado.
“Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture [...].” The use of the gerund in saying means
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

40Q1019863 | Espanhol, Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura, Professor II Língua Espanhola, FME de Niterói RJ, COSEAC, 2024

Lea las siguientes citas y responda lo que se pregunta.


Fragmento I:

“La globalización mata la noción de solidaridad, devuelve el hombre a la condición primitiva de cada uno por sí, como si volviéramos a ser animales de selva, reduce las nociones de moralidad pública y particular a casi nada.” (Milton Santos, 2007, p. 148).

Fragmento II:

“Los humanistas quieren convencernos de que la globalización es una convivencia amplia, cuando de hecho no lo es. En vez de comprender el globo de manera diversal, con varios ecosistemas, varios idiomas, varias especies y varios reinos, como dicen, cuando ellos hablan en “globalizar”, lo que está diciendo es “unificar”. Están diciendo moneda única, lengua única, mentes pocas. La globalización para los humanos no existe, lo que existe para ellos es la historia del eurocentrismo - de la centralidad, de la unicidad.” (Santos, Antônio Bispo, 2023, p. 31).

Relacionando los fragmentos anteriores, se entiende que la inclusión del conocimiento local en la clase de español ocurre, EXCEPTO al:

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️
Utilizamos cookies e tecnologias semelhantes para aprimorar sua experiência de navegação. Política de Privacidade.