Questões de Concursos FUVEST

Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency.

Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systemsto many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient.

“Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐ please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said.

“The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.”

The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.”

The papersaid such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation”.

Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.”

The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado.

Os textos literários são obras de discurso, a que falta a imediata referencialidade da linguagem corrente; poéticos, abolem, “destroem” o mundo circundante, cotidiano, graças à função irrealizante da imaginação que os constrói. E prendem‐nos na teia de sua linguagem, a que devemo poder de apelo estético que nos enleia; seduz‐nos o mundo outro, irreal, neles configurado (...). No entanto, da adesão a esse “mundo de papel”, quando retornamos ao real, nossa experiência, ampliada e renovada pela experiência da obra, à luz do que nos revelou, possibilita redescobri‐lo, sentindo‐o e pensando‐o de maneira diferente e nova. A ilusão, a mentira, o fingimento da ficção, aclara o real ao desligar‐se dele, transfigurando‐o; e aclara‐o já pelo insight que em nós provocou.

Benedito Nunes, “Ética e leitura”, de Crivo de Papel.

O que eu precisava era ler um romance fantástico, um romance besta, em que os homens e as mulheres fossem criações absurdas, não andassem magoando‐se, traindo‐se. Histórias fáceis, sem almas complicadas. Infelizmente essas leituras já não me comovem.

Graciliano Ramos, Angústia.

Romance desagradável, abafado, ambiente sujo, povoado de ratos, cheio de podridões, de lixo. Nenhuma concessão ao gosto do público. Solilóquio doido, enervante.

Graciliano Ramos, Memórias do Cárcere, em nota a respeito de seu livro Angústia.

Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency.

Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systemsto many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient.

“Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐ please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said.

“The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.”

The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.”

The papersaid such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation”.

Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.”

The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado.

Os textos literários são obras de discurso, a que falta a imediata referencialidade da linguagem corrente; poéticos, abolem, “destroem” o mundo circundante, cotidiano, graças à função irrealizante da imaginação que os constrói. E prendem‐nos na teia de sua linguagem, a que devemo poder de apelo estético que nos enleia; seduz‐nos o mundo outro, irreal, neles configurado (...). No entanto, da adesão a esse “mundo de papel”, quando retornamos ao real, nossa experiência, ampliada e renovada pela experiência da obra, à luz do que nos revelou, possibilita redescobri‐lo, sentindo‐o e pensando‐o de maneira diferente e nova. A ilusão, a mentira, o fingimento da ficção, aclara o real ao desligar‐se dele, transfigurando‐o; e aclara‐o já pelo insight que em nós provocou.

Benedito Nunes, “Ética e leitura”, de Crivo de Papel.

O que eu precisava era ler um romance fantástico, um romance besta, em que os homens e as mulheres fossem criações absurdas, não andassem magoando‐se, traindo‐se. Histórias fáceis, sem almas complicadas. Infelizmente essas leituras já não me comovem.

Graciliano Ramos, Angústia.

Romance desagradável, abafado, ambiente sujo, povoado de ratos, cheio de podridões, de lixo. Nenhuma concessão ao gosto do público. Solilóquio doido, enervante.

Graciliano Ramos, Memórias do Cárcere, em nota a respeito de seu livro Angústia.

Scientists have long touted DNA’s potential as an ideal storage medium; it’s dense, easy to replicate, and stable over millennia. But in order to replace existing silicon‐chip or magnetic‐tape storage technologies, DNA will have to get a lot cheaper to predictably read, write, and package.

That’s where scientists like Hyunjun Park come in. He and the other cofounders of Catalog, an MIT DNA‐storage spinoff emerging out of stealth on Tuesday, are building a machine that will write a terabyte of data a day, using 500 trillion molecules of DNA.

If successful, DNA storage could be the answer to a uniquely 21st‐century problem: information overload. Five years ago humans had produced 4.4 zettabytes of data; that's set to explode to 160 zettabytes (each year!) by 2025. Current infrastructure can handle only a fraction of the coming data deluge, which is expected to consume all the world's microchip‐grade silicon by 2040.

“Today’s technology is already close to the physical limits of scaling,” says Victor Zhirnov, chief scientist of the Semiconductor Research Corporation. “DNA has an information‐storage density several orders of magnitude higher than any other known storage technology.”

How dense exactly? Imagine formatting every movie ever made into DNA; it would be smaller than the size of a sugar cube. And it would last for 10,000 years.

Wired, June, 2018. Disponível em https://www.wired.com/. Adaptado.

amora

a palavra amora

seria talvez menos doce

e um pouco menos vermelha

se não trouxesse em seu corpo

(como um velado esplendor)

a memória da palavra amor

a palavra amargo

seria talvez mais doce

e um pouco menos acerba

se não trouxesse em seu corpo

(como uma sombra a espreitar)

a memória da palavra amar

Marco Catalão, Sob a face neutra.

Uma planta é perturbada na sua sesta* pelo exército que a pisa.

Mas mais frágil fica a bota.

Gonçalo M. Tavares, 1: poemas.

*sesta: repouso após o almoço.