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41Q1022232 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Ensino Fundamental, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
We do not know how art began any more than we know how language started. If we take art to mean such activities as building temples and houses, making pictures and sculptures, or weaving patterns, there is no people in all the world without art. If, on the other hand, we mean by art some kind of beautiful luxury, something to enjoy in museums and exhibitions or something special to use as a precious decoration in the best parlour, we must realize that this use of the word is a very recent development. We can best understand this difference if we think of architecture. There is scarcely any building in the world which was not erected for a particular purpose. Those who use these buildings as places of worship or entertainment, or as dwellings, judge them first and foremost by standards of utility. But apart from this, they may like or dislike the design or the proportions of the structure, and appreciate the efforts of the good architect to make it not only practical but right. In the past the attitude to paintings and statues was often similar. They were not thought of as mere works of art but as objects which had a definite function.

Similarly, we are not likely to understand the art of the past if we are quite ignorant of the aims it had to serve. The further we go back in history, the more definite but also the more strange are the aims which art was supposed to serve. The same applies if we leave towns and cities and go to the peasants or, better still, if we travel to the peoples whose ways of life still resemble the conditions in which our remote ancestors lived. Among them there is no difference between building and image-making as far as usefulness is concerned. Their huts are there to shelter them from rain, wind and sunshine and the spirits which produce them; images are made to protect them against other powers which are, to them, as real as the forces of nature. Pictures and statues, in other words, are used to work magic.

E. H. Gombrich. The story of art.
New York, Phaidon, 2024. 16th ed. p. 9-10 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, its ideas and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

According to the author, works of art of the past were produced for purposes which went beyond being beautiful.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

42Q1019693 | Espanhol, Pronomes Pronombres, Ensino Médio, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Texto 15A4-IV

¿Te has preguntado alguna vez cómo TikTok siempre parece saber qué videos te van a gustar? La respuesta está en su algoritmo, una compleja inteligencia artificial que te conoce mejor que tu madre y tu pareja juntas. A través de sus algoritmos, estas plataformas recopilan una gran cantidad de datos sobre nosotros: sabe quién eres, cómo piensas, lo que te gusta y lo que detestas.

Pero, ¿cómo funcionan estos algoritmos? «El de TikTok es un algoritmo muy refinado», explica Andrea Leiva, analista de El Orden Mundial. «Siempre parece saber qué videos exactos te tiene que enseñar para que te enganches y no puedas dejar de mirar la aplicación durante horas».

Según un informe de The Wall Street Journal, TikTok solo necesita dos horas para que su algoritmo capte perfectamente los intereses del usuario, dirigiéndolo a vídeos que probablemente le interesen. Esta capacidad para recopilar información sobre nosotros plantea interrogantes sobre la magnitud de la vigilancia que ejerce la plataforma y cómo utiliza estos datos para manipularnos.

Pablo Gallego, experto en marketing digital, describe a TikTok como una red social que genera dopamina en el usuario, aumentando su predisposición a visualizar anuncios. «Hay un cruce entre lo que sería la psicología y la tecnología, es decir, cuando empezamos a ver el contenido que nos va gustando y vamos dándole like; y la parte tecnológica que va aprendiendo de lo que nos va gustando y lo que no». Sin embargo, esta estrategia de recopilar y analizar datos de los usuarios ha generado gran preocupación en Estados Unidos de América del Norte, lo que ha llevado a intentos de prohibir TikTok en el país.

El algoritmo de TikTok solo necesita dos horas para conocerte y captar tus intereses.
Internet:<rtve.es> (con adaptaciones)

A partir del texto 15A4-IV, juzgue lo siguiente ítem.

En «aumentando su predisposición» (cuarto párrafo), el posesivo marcado se refiere a usuario.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

43Q1022227 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Educação Infantil, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
As origens teóricas da perspectiva reflexiva sobre a prática remontam a John Dewey, que, na década de 30 do século passado, definiu ação reflexiva como o exame ativo, voluntário, persistente e rigoroso de nossas crenças e ações, à luz dos fundamentos que as sustentam e das consequências a que conduzem. Ao caracterizar a reflexão como uma forma especializada de pensar, Dewey a diferencia do ato de rotina, que, embora fundamental ao ser humano, é guiado por impulso, hábito, tradição ou submissão à autoridade. A reflexão, ao contrário, baseia-se na vontade, no pensamento, em atitudes de questionamento e curiosidade.

Rosane Rocha Pessoa. A reflexão interativa
como instrumento de desenvolvimento profissional: um estudo com professores
de inglês da escola pública, 2002 (com adaptações).

Acerca da abordagem reflexiva no ensino de língua inglesa, julgue o seguinte item.

A participação crítica e ativa dos professores nas transformações socioeducacionais dos países em desenvolvimento é ainda um desafio.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

44Q1019699 | Espanhol, Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura, Ensino Médio, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Texto 15A3

El arte es un lenguaje que hará que niñas, niños y adolescentes se expresen a través de sus diferentes elementos y materiales; será su creatividad e imaginación las que tengan un papel relevante en todo el proceso.

Cuando dibujan, pintan o realizan actividades de expresión plástica, sin darse cuenta expresan sentimientos y sensaciones, incluso las más profundas dentro de su ser porque las emociones están presentes en todos los seres humanos desde que se nace.

Al implementar el arte en la educación de niñas y niños se obtienen muchos beneficios, ya que el arte permite sentir y percibir la vida con más profundidad. Las niñas y los niños se vuelven más empáticos, comprensivos y, por lo tanto, mejores seres humanos. Por otro lado, comprenden mejor su entorno y a las personas que les rodean de una manera crítica y madura.

Además, las artes son un lenguaje que impulsa a las niñas, niños y adolescentes a expresar sus pensamientos por medio de dibujos, teatro, bailes y música, lo que les facilita una interacción visual, auditiva y sensorial distinta con las demás personas. Y, por si eso fuera poco, el arte también desarrolla su pensamiento crítico para analizar y resolver problemas en contextos diferentes, lo que les brinda herramientas para que en el futuro sean personas adultas con criterio y seguridad.

Adentrarse en el arte es positivo a cualquier edad. Sin embargo, la niñez temprana es el periodo idóneo para enseñar a las niñas y los niños las disciplinas artísticas que existen, ya que esa etapa de su desarrollo se distingue por su capacidad para absorber con facilidad cualquier aprendizaje.

Gobierno de México. El arte es un recurso esencial para el desarrollo
de niñas, niños y adolescentes. Internet: <gob.mx> (con adaptaciones).

Juzgue lo ítem siguiente, a partir del texto 15A3.

Se puede inferir que la adquisición de conocimiento artístico por parte de niños y niñas de poca edad entorpece su proceso comunicativo.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

45Q1024181 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista Administrativo de Projetos, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

It is correct to conclude from the second paragraph of the text that companies might experience staff shortage due to strict policies that tie down all employees to the office.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

46Q1024184 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista Administrativo de Projetos, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

According to financial expert Kevin Thompson, employers will always have an upper hand over their employees.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

47Q1024227 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Anos Iniciais e Finais, InoversaSul, Unesc, 2025

On a rainy afternoon, Peter decided to walk to the library to return a book. He realized he had forgotten his umbrella, but since the library was only a few blocks away, he decided to go anyway. As he walked, the rain became heavier, soaking him completely. Once at thelibrary, Peter was relieved to find a dry spot to sit and wait until the rain stopped before heading home.
Based on the text and using inference and prediction, identify the correct alternative about Peter's decision and its consequences.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

48Q1024237 | Inglês, Adjetivos Adjectives, Anos Iniciais e Finais, InoversaSul, Unesc, 2025

Word classes in English, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives, play specific roles in sentence construction and must be correctly identified to ensure grammatical accuracy. Regarding the topic, mark T for true statements and F for false ones.

(__)Adjectives in English are always positioned after the noun they modify.
(__)Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
(__)Proper nouns in English always start with a capital letter.
(__)Verbs in the infinitive form in English are preceded by the particle to, except in some specific cases.

The correct sequence is:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

49Q1022230 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Ensino Fundamental, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
We do not know how art began any more than we know how language started. If we take art to mean such activities as building temples and houses, making pictures and sculptures, or weaving patterns, there is no people in all the world without art. If, on the other hand, we mean by art some kind of beautiful luxury, something to enjoy in museums and exhibitions or something special to use as a precious decoration in the best parlour, we must realize that this use of the word is a very recent development. We can best understand this difference if we think of architecture. There is scarcely any building in the world which was not erected for a particular purpose. Those who use these buildings as places of worship or entertainment, or as dwellings, judge them first and foremost by standards of utility. But apart from this, they may like or dislike the design or the proportions of the structure, and appreciate the efforts of the good architect to make it not only practical but right. In the past the attitude to paintings and statues was often similar. They were not thought of as mere works of art but as objects which had a definite function.

Similarly, we are not likely to understand the art of the past if we are quite ignorant of the aims it had to serve. The further we go back in history, the more definite but also the more strange are the aims which art was supposed to serve. The same applies if we leave towns and cities and go to the peasants or, better still, if we travel to the peoples whose ways of life still resemble the conditions in which our remote ancestors lived. Among them there is no difference between building and image-making as far as usefulness is concerned. Their huts are there to shelter them from rain, wind and sunshine and the spirits which produce them; images are made to protect them against other powers which are, to them, as real as the forces of nature. Pictures and statues, in other words, are used to work magic.

E. H. Gombrich. The story of art.
New York, Phaidon, 2024. 16th ed. p. 9-10 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, its ideas and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The information presented in the last sentence of the text means that, to the peoples mentioned by the author in the end of the second paragraph, art objects, like pictures and statues, have supernatural powers.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

50Q1024180 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista Administrativo de Projetos, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The text defends the thesis that in the aftermath of the pandemic there has been a significant shift in corporate culture.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

51Q1022228 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Educação Infantil, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
As origens teóricas da perspectiva reflexiva sobre a prática remontam a John Dewey, que, na década de 30 do século passado, definiu ação reflexiva como o exame ativo, voluntário, persistente e rigoroso de nossas crenças e ações, à luz dos fundamentos que as sustentam e das consequências a que conduzem. Ao caracterizar a reflexão como uma forma especializada de pensar, Dewey a diferencia do ato de rotina, que, embora fundamental ao ser humano, é guiado por impulso, hábito, tradição ou submissão à autoridade. A reflexão, ao contrário, baseia-se na vontade, no pensamento, em atitudes de questionamento e curiosidade.

Rosane Rocha Pessoa. A reflexão interativa
como instrumento de desenvolvimento profissional: um estudo com professores
de inglês da escola pública, 2002 (com adaptações).

Acerca da abordagem reflexiva no ensino de língua inglesa, julgue o seguinte item.

As bases da prática reflexiva desenvolvidas por Dewey acabaram por aprofundar as diferenças educacionais entre os diferentes países do mundo.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

52Q1019675 | Espanhol, Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura, Ensino Médio, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Texto 15A1-I

De acuerdo con el diccionario electrónico de la Real Academia Española, etimológicamente el término método proviene del latín Methodus, significando que se define como «un camino para lograr unos fines determinados» (Sánchez, 2000: 28). En educación, el método corresponde a la forma en que una situación de enseñanza-aprendizaje es conducida, de modo que el alumno pueda efectivamente aprender la materia que es objeto de estudio.

Por otra parte, en el marco de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, Richards y Rodgers (2003) entienden por método un conjunto sistemático de prácticas docentes fundadas en una determinada teoría del lenguaje y del aprendizaje de idiomas. Para Sánchez (2000), el método es un conjunto integrado por: a) una base teórica que deriva de convicciones y creencias coherentes capaces de empujar a actuar de una u otra manera; b) un elenco de elementos lingüísticos seleccionados de acuerdo con la base teórica anterior, que constituirían los objetivos de enseñanza de aprendizaje; y c) un conjunto de técnicas adecuadas para lograr los objetivos propuestos.

Un método se relaciona en el plano teórico con un enfoque. Este registra las teorías acerca de la naturaleza de la lengua y la naturaleza del aprendizaje de una lengua, de las cuales emanan las prácticas y los principios sobre la enseñanza de idiomas.

Tanto las teorías acerca de la lengua, como sobre el aprendizaje, que subyacen en un método cualquiera, suelen exteriorizarse incluyendo diversos aspectos de los cursos de lenguas extranjeras, como: la programación del curso; los objetivos del curso; el papel del profesor; el papel del alumno; el uso de la lengua materna de los estudiantes; los contenidos de la enseñanza; las destrezas lingüísticas; los recursos y materiales; y las actividades que se llevan a cabo en clase y fuera de ella.

El concepto de método.
Internet:<docente.ifrn.edu.br> (con adaptaciones).

Con base en el texto 15A1-I, juzgue lo próximo ítem.

El método tiene que ver, estrictamente, con la teoría y el enfoque con la práctica.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

53Q1019698 | Espanhol, Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura, Ensino Médio, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Texto 15A3

El arte es un lenguaje que hará que niñas, niños y adolescentes se expresen a través de sus diferentes elementos y materiales; será su creatividad e imaginación las que tengan un papel relevante en todo el proceso.

Cuando dibujan, pintan o realizan actividades de expresión plástica, sin darse cuenta expresan sentimientos y sensaciones, incluso las más profundas dentro de su ser porque las emociones están presentes en todos los seres humanos desde que se nace.

Al implementar el arte en la educación de niñas y niños se obtienen muchos beneficios, ya que el arte permite sentir y percibir la vida con más profundidad. Las niñas y los niños se vuelven más empáticos, comprensivos y, por lo tanto, mejores seres humanos. Por otro lado, comprenden mejor su entorno y a las personas que les rodean de una manera crítica y madura.

Además, las artes son un lenguaje que impulsa a las niñas, niños y adolescentes a expresar sus pensamientos por medio de dibujos, teatro, bailes y música, lo que les facilita una interacción visual, auditiva y sensorial distinta con las demás personas. Y, por si eso fuera poco, el arte también desarrolla su pensamiento crítico para analizar y resolver problemas en contextos diferentes, lo que les brinda herramientas para que en el futuro sean personas adultas con criterio y seguridad.

Adentrarse en el arte es positivo a cualquier edad. Sin embargo, la niñez temprana es el periodo idóneo para enseñar a las niñas y los niños las disciplinas artísticas que existen, ya que esa etapa de su desarrollo se distingue por su capacidad para absorber con facilidad cualquier aprendizaje.

Gobierno de México. El arte es un recurso esencial para el desarrollo
de niñas, niños y adolescentes. Internet: <gob.mx> (con adaptaciones).

Juzgue lo ítem siguiente, a partir del texto 15A3.

Es posible sustituir la locución adverbial “por lo tanto” por la locución por consiguiente, sin que eso suponga una alteración semántica.

  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

54Q1019709 | Espanhol, Ensino de Língua Espanhola, Ensino Médio, InoversaSul, Unesc, 2025

A análise da linguagem e do discurso em contextos de ensino de espanhol permite explorar diferentes concepções teórico-metodológicas que valorizam a interação e a construção de significados. Assinale a alternativa correta.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

55Q1024178 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista Administrativo de Projetos, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The word “collude” (third sentence of the fourth paragraph) is used metaphorically in the text.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️

56Q1024185 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Analista Administrativo de Projetos, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

One can conclude that, for the participants of the survey presented in the text, the advantages of remote work outnumber its drawbacks.
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57Q1024186 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Educação Infantil, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

No que concerne à prática pedagógica do ensino da língua inglesa e às metodologias ativas, julgue o próximo item.

O design thinking é uma metodologia ativa em que os estudantes devem explorar soluções rápidas e lineares para problemas, focando mais na resolução do problema do que na criatividade e no processo de investigação.

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58Q1024236 | Inglês, Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension, Anos Iniciais e Finais, InoversaSul, Unesc, 2025

Last Saturday, John visited a museum to learn more about ancient history. He spent two hours exploring the exhibits, focusing on artifacts from ancient Egypt and Greece. John particularly enjoyed the section on Egyptian mummies and even attended a short lecture about the mummification process. The museum closed at 6 p.m., but John left at 5:30 p.m. to avoid the evening rush.
Based on the text, mark T for true statements and F for false ones.

(__)John spent one hour at the museum exploring the exhibits.
(__)John attended a short lecture about the mummification process.
(__)John left the museum at 6 p.m., when it closed.
(__)John paid special attention to the section on Egyptian mummies.

The correct sequence is:
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59Q1022225 | Inglês, Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa, Educação Infantil, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
As origens teóricas da perspectiva reflexiva sobre a prática remontam a John Dewey, que, na década de 30 do século passado, definiu ação reflexiva como o exame ativo, voluntário, persistente e rigoroso de nossas crenças e ações, à luz dos fundamentos que as sustentam e das consequências a que conduzem. Ao caracterizar a reflexão como uma forma especializada de pensar, Dewey a diferencia do ato de rotina, que, embora fundamental ao ser humano, é guiado por impulso, hábito, tradição ou submissão à autoridade. A reflexão, ao contrário, baseia-se na vontade, no pensamento, em atitudes de questionamento e curiosidade.

Rosane Rocha Pessoa. A reflexão interativa
como instrumento de desenvolvimento profissional: um estudo com professores
de inglês da escola pública, 2002 (com adaptações).

Acerca da abordagem reflexiva no ensino de língua inglesa, julgue o seguinte item.

John Dewey determinou um programa para a formação reflexiva dos professores de línguas estrangeiras.

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60Q1019673 | Espanhol, Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura, Analista Administrativo de Projetos, InoversaSul, CESPE CEBRASPE, 2025

Texto associado.
Niñas y niños mejoran espacios públicos en ciudades fronterizas de Brasil y Argentina

Un grupo de 24 niños brasileños y argentinos de 9 a 14 años participaron junto a ONU-Habitat en la propuesta de mejora de dos espacios públicos en la frontera entre Brasil y Argentina. La iniciativa forma parte del proyecto Conexiones Urbanas, que realizó talleres sobre la metodología del Diseño de Espacios Públicos en dos escuelas de las ciudades de Barracão (Brasil) y Bernardo de Irigoyen (Argentina) para motivar a niños y jóvenes a pensar en los espacios públicos que desean.
Incluso en contextos diferentes, el resultado de los talleres fue una mirada conjunta al mismo territorio, compartido por las dos nacionalidades. En el lado brasileño, los niños pensaron en soluciones para el barrio Industrial, un área alejada del centro de la ciudad. Propusieron equipos como parques infantiles y canchas deportivas, así como soluciones para hacer que las calles sean más seguras para caminar, pensando desde las señales de tráfico hasta su mantenimiento. «Me gustó mucho que fuéramos nosotros los que hicimos este proyecto, y que vaya a convertirse en una verdadera plaza. Estaremos allí casi todos los días jugando», dice Ana Carolina Chiogna, alumna que participó de los talleres.
En Bernardo de Irigoyen, los talleres se centraron en una plaza en un espacio verde cerca de la frontera, con gran potencial de uso y convivencia armoniosa entre las dos nacionalidades. Los estudiantes buscaron servir a audiencias diversas en edades, gustos y necesidades. Una escuela de robótica, una escuela de inteligencia emocional, un espacio de picnic y la descontaminación de un arroyo fueron algunas de las sugerencias. «Fue muy divertido, nunca me imaginé haciendo todo esto. Propusimos un lugar para jugar cerca del arroyo y una cancha de fútbol para poder hacer campeonatos», dijo Yeniffer Guzmán, una estudiante de 11 años.
La metodología contribuye a lograr uno de los objetivos del proyecto: ayudar a los Gobiernos locales a mejorar sus espacios públicos para que sean más inclusivos y sostenibles, integrando a la población de ambos países. La coordinadora local del proyecto, Camilla Almeida, explica que la participación de la comunidad en la elaboración de las propuestas es fundamental para crear espacios públicos que satisfagan las necesidades locales y que, en el caso de estas ciudades, la emoción de todos los participantes superó las expectativas.

Internet: <onu-habitat.org> (con adaptaciones).
De acuerdo con el texto anterior, juzgue lo siguiente ítem.

Una de las participantes brasileñas expresa sus anhelos y expectativas sobre el resultado del proyecto Conexiones Urbanas.
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