Questões de Concursos Prefeitura de Divinópolis MG

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The proliferation of approaches and methods is a prominent characteristic of contemporary second andforeign language teaching. To some, this reflects the strength of the teaching profession. Invention of new classroom practices and approaches to designing language programs and materials reflects a commitment to finding more efficient and more effective ways of teaching languages. The classroom teacher and the program coordinator have a wider variety of methodological options to choose from than ever before. They can choose methods and materials according to the needs of learners, the preferences of teachers, and the constraints of the school or educational setting. To others, however, the wide variety of method options currently available confuses rather than comforts. Methods appear to be based on very different views of what language is and how a language is learned. Some methods recommend apparently strange and unfamiliar classroom techniques and practices; others are described in books that are hard to locate, obscurely written, and difficult to understand. Above all, the practitioner is often bewildered by the lack of any comprehensive theory of what an approach and method are.

Some of the responses to these issues may take the form of new approaches and methods as the teaching profession responds to the findings of new research and to the developments in educational theory and practice. The initiatives for changing programs and pedagogy may come from within the profession as well as from demands of a political, social, or even fiscal nature. Therefore, identifying some of the factors that have influenced language teaching trends’ shifts in the past, and that can be expected to continue to do so in the future, is relevant.

(Available: https://www.novaconcursos.com.br/blog/pdf/richards-jack-c.-&-rodgers.pdf. Adapted.)

Consideram-se exemplos dos fatores aos quais se refere o segundo parágrafo, EXCETO: