Questões de Concursos UFPR

O texto a seguir é referência para as questões 73 a 75.

LA FIN DU CALVAIRE DE STÉPHANE TAPONIER ET HERVÉ GHESQUIÈRE: OTAGES EN AFGHANISTAN DEPUIS FIN 2009.

Un lien avec le retrait des troupes ou Ben Laden?
Hasard ou pas, la libération des otages suit de près l?annonce, la semaine dernière, du retrait partiel des troupes françaises en Afghanistan. «Loin de moi l?idée de dénigrer tel ou tel effort du gouvernement, mais il y a un contexte international qui a facilité cette libération, avec notamment l?annonce du retrait des troupes françaises d?Afghanistan», a déclaré Ségolène Royal. Au Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, on se refuse en tous les cas à faire le lien entre les deux événements. «Honnêtement, je n?en sais rien, répond le porte-parole du Quai d?Orsay, Bernard Valéro. Ce que je sais, c?est qu?il s?agit de l?aboutissement d?un long travail». «Le temps des Afghans n?est pas le nôtre, précise-t-il, sous-entendant que le dénouement de l?affaire serait à chercher en amont de l?annonce du retrait des troupes. Hervé Morin, ancien ministre de la Défense, balaie également toute possibilité de lien entre les deux actus. «Je n?y crois pas un seul instant (...). En revanche, qu?il y ait pu avoir un lien entre la mort de Oussama Ben Laden et la libération des otages, ce n?est pas impossible». Gérard Longuet, l?actuel ministre de la Défense, avait déjà estimé que le décès du chef d?Al-Qaida pourrait jouer «positivement». Avant d?être recadré par le premier ministre. A.S.

(20 minutes, no 2078, 30 juin 2011, p. 6 )

As questões 75 a 78 referem–se ao texto a seguir.

In recent years there have been suggestions that, instead of raising sheep, Australia should be raising kangaroos, which (unlike sheep) are native Australian species that are adapted to Australian plants and climates. It is claimed that the soft paws of kangaroos are less damaging to soil than are the hard hooves of sheep. Kangaroo meat is lean, healthy, and (in my opinion) absolutely delicious. In addition to their meat, kangaroos yield valuable hides¹. All of those points are cited as arguments to support replacing sheep herding with kangaroo ranching.
However, that proposal faces real obstacles, both biological and cultural ones. Unlike sheep, kangaroos are not herd animals that will docilely obey one shepherd and a dog, or that can be rounded up and marched obediently up ramps into trucks for shipment to the slaughterhouse. Instead, kangaroo ranchers have to hire hunters to chase down and shoot their kangaroos one by one. Further problems with kangaroos are their mobility and ability to jump fences: if you invest in promoting growth of a kangaroo population on your property, and if your kangaroos perceive some inducement to move (such as rain falling somewhere els(E), your valuable crop of kangaroos may end up 30 miles away on somebody else?s property. Kangaroo meat is accepted in Germany and some is exported there, but the sale of kangaroo meat faces cultural obstacles elsewhere. For Australians, kangaroo meat has little appeal, and they continue to prefer their more traditional types of meat, especially lamb and beef. Many Australian animal welfare advocates oppose kangaroo harvesting, not taking into consideration the fact that living conditions and slaughter methods are much crueler for domestic sheep and cattle than for wild kangaroos. The U.S. explicitly forbids the importation of kangaroo meat because we find the beasts cute, and because a congressman?s wife heard that kangaroos are endangered. Some kangaroo species are indeed endangered, but ironically the species actually harvested for meat are abundant pest animals in Australia.

(DIAMOND, J. Collapse. New York: Penguin, 2005. Adaptado) ¹ hides = skins

As questões 75 a 78 referem–se ao texto a seguir.

In recent years there have been suggestions that, instead of raising sheep, Australia should be raising kangaroos, which (unlike sheep) are native Australian species that are adapted to Australian plants and climates. It is claimed that the soft paws of kangaroos are less damaging to soil than are the hard hooves of sheep. Kangaroo meat is lean, healthy, and (in my opinion) absolutely delicious. In addition to their meat, kangaroos yield valuable hides¹. All of those points are cited as arguments to support replacing sheep herding with kangaroo ranching.
However, that proposal faces real obstacles, both biological and cultural ones. Unlike sheep, kangaroos are not herd animals that will docilely obey one shepherd and a dog, or that can be rounded up and marched obediently up ramps into trucks for shipment to the slaughterhouse. Instead, kangaroo ranchers have to hire hunters to chase down and shoot their kangaroos one by one. Further problems with kangaroos are their mobility and ability to jump fences: if you invest in promoting growth of a kangaroo population on your property, and if your kangaroos perceive some inducement to move (such as rain falling somewhere els(E), your valuable crop of kangaroos may end up 30 miles away on somebody else?s property. Kangaroo meat is accepted in Germany and some is exported there, but the sale of kangaroo meat faces cultural obstacles elsewhere. For Australians, kangaroo meat has little appeal, and they continue to prefer their more traditional types of meat, especially lamb and beef. Many Australian animal welfare advocates oppose kangaroo harvesting, not taking into consideration the fact that living conditions and slaughter methods are much crueler for domestic sheep and cattle than for wild kangaroos. The U.S. explicitly forbids the importation of kangaroo meat because we find the beasts cute, and because a congressman?s wife heard that kangaroos are endangered. Some kangaroo species are indeed endangered, but ironically the species actually harvested for meat are abundant pest animals in Australia.

(DIAMOND, J. Collapse. New York: Penguin, 2005. Adaptado) ¹ hides = skins

As questões 79 e 80 referem–se ao texto a seguir.

A team from Northwestern University, Illinois, found that when you eat, not just how you eat, could make a big difference. Scientists found that when mice ate at unusual hours, they put on twice as much weight, despite exercising and eating as much as the other mice. The study, in the journal Obesity, is said to be the first to show directly that there is a "wrong" time to eat. Recent studies have suggested that circadian rhythms, the body?s internal clock, have a role in how our bodies use up energy. However, this had been difficult to prove definitively.
Deanna Arble, the main author of the study, said: "One of our research interests is shift workers¹, who tend to be overweight. This got us thinking that eating at the wrong time of day might be contributing to weight gain".
The researchers looked at two groups of mice over a six–week period. Both groups were fed a high–fat diet, but at different times of the mice "waking cycle". One group of mice ate at times when they would normally be asleep. They put on twice as much weight. This was despite the fact that they did the same level of activity, and ate the same amount of food, as the other mice. The researchers believe that the findings may have implications for people worried about their weight.

¹ shift workers = people who work at night

(http//www.bbc.co.uk – 08/09/2009. Adapted.)