Questões de Concursos UNEMAT

“A vida humana é, essencialmente e não por mera casualidade, convivência. Com esta afirmação, põe-se em dúvida o conceito do indivíduo como unidade social fundamental. Se o homem, na própria base de sua existência, é para os outros, que são seus semelhantes, e se unicamente por eles é o que é, então a sua definição última não é a de uma indivisibilidade e unicidade primárias mas, outrossim, a de uma participação e comunicação necessária com os outros. Mesmo antes de ser indivíduo o homem é um dos seus semelhantes, relaciona-se com os outros antes de se referir ao eu, é um momento das relações em que vive, antes de poder chegar, finalmente, à autodeterminação.”

Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. W. Temas básicos da sociologia A. Cabral trad. São Paulo: Cultrix, 1973, p.47. (Adaptado)

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AMERICAN AND BRITISH

VERSIONS OF HARRY POTTER SERIES

Philosopher’s vs. Sorcerer

When Scholastic was publishing Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone in America, they decided to rename the book Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. They claimed that the American and British uses of the word philosopher were a bit different, so therefore sorcerer was a more appropriate word. Any true HarryPotter fan, American or British, Australian or Hungarian, I’m sure will agree with MuggleMix when we say that decision should not have been made the reasons are:

1) J.K. Rowling said so therefore it must be true. She says that if she was in a better position, she would have disagreed at the time.

2) It belittles Americans, making it seem as if they do not understand what the word “philosopher” means. Americans are smarter than that.

3) Sorcerer is unspecific. The stone could have belonged to anybody with magical powers in the book. But the British name defines who the stone belongs to and gives the name an entirely different meaning. Sorcerer is a very different word to philosopher.

4) The stone is referred to as the “Philosopher’s Stone” throughout J.K. Rowling’s original version, never the “Sorcerer’s Stone”, so why should the most central object of the book be labeled something completely different in the book title, even if its just being published in a different place?

5) How is the word “philosopher” in Britain different from the word “sorcerer” in America?

6) Philosopher’s Stone is actually a historical object that people used to search for, while the Sorcerer’s Stone has no factual background in real life.

Ah well…

Other terminology

There are some other minor changes that occurred in case Americans got confused. Some ones, such as turning “mum” into “mom” and “trainers” into “sneakers”, J.K. Rowling refused to let happen. However, she allowed some changes to be made that, if they were not made, would befuddle the readers:

UK: Skip – US: Dumpster

UK: Minister for Magic – US: Minister of Magic

[…]

UK: Car park – US: Parking lot

[…]

Disponível em http://w w w .fanpop.com/clubs/harry-potter/articles/4309/title/difference-between-american-british-versions-harry-potter-series. Acesso em nov. 2015.

“[...] Na verdade, porém, é o espaço inteiro que se mundializou, e já não existe um único ponto do globo que se possa considerar como isolado”. [...]

SANTOS, M. Metamorfoses do espaço habitado. Fundamentos Teóricos e Metodológicos da Geografia. Ed Hucitec. São Paulo, 1988.

“Aterro sanitário é uma espécie de depósito no qual são descartados resíduos sólidos provenientes de residências, indústrias, hospitais e construções. Grande parte deste lixo é formada por materiais não recicláveis. Os aterros sanitários são importantes, pois solucionam parte dos problemas causados pelo excesso de lixo gerado nas grandes cidades. A decomposição dos resíduos gera chorume (um líquido poluente) e gás (principalmente o metano, que também polui e é 20 vezes pior para o clima da Terra do que o gás carbônico). Mas o metano pode se transformar em energia elétrica [...]. É o que acontece com o gás produzido pelos 40 milhões de toneladas que estão depositados no Aterro Bandeirantes, em São Paulo. Desativado desde 2007, o aterro tem 400 pontos de captura que transportam o gás para a Usina Termelétrica Bandeirantes, que, por sua vez, produz energia elétrica com capacidade para atender até 300 mil pessoas. O gás extraído é convertido em tonelada equivalente de gás carbônico (crédito de carbono) e depois é comercializado.”

Portal Brasil. Aterros sanitários protegem o ambiente de contaminação, 2012. Disponível em: http://w w w .brasil.gov.br/meio-ambiente/2012/04/aterrros-sanitarios-protegem-meio-ambiente-de-contaminacao/. Acesso em nov. 2017. (Adaptado)

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AMERICAN AND BRITISH

VERSIONS OF HARRY POTTER SERIES

Philosopher’s vs. Sorcerer

When Scholastic was publishing Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone in America, they decided to rename the book Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. They claimed that the American and British uses of the word philosopher were a bit different, so therefore sorcerer was a more appropriate word. Any true HarryPotter fan, American or British, Australian or Hungarian, I’m sure will agree with MuggleMix when we say that decision should not have been made the reasons are:

1) J.K. Rowling said so therefore it must be true. She says that if she was in a better position, she would have disagreed at the time.

2) It belittles Americans, making it seem as if they do not understand what the word “philosopher” means. Americans are smarter than that.

3) Sorcerer is unspecific. The stone could have belonged to anybody with magical powers in the book. But the British name defines who the stone belongs to and gives the name an entirely different meaning. Sorcerer is a very different word to philosopher.

4) The stone is referred to as the “Philosopher’s Stone” throughout J.K. Rowling’s original version, never the “Sorcerer’s Stone”, so why should the most central object of the book be labeled something completely different in the book title, even if its just being published in a different place?

5) How is the word “philosopher” in Britain different from the word “sorcerer” in America?

6) Philosopher’s Stone is actually a historical object that people used to search for, while the Sorcerer’s Stone has no factual background in real life.

Ah well…

Other terminology

There are some other minor changes that occurred in case Americans got confused. Some ones, such as turning “mum” into “mom” and “trainers” into “sneakers”, J.K. Rowling refused to let happen. However, she allowed some changes to be made that, if they were not made, would befuddle the readers:

UK: Skip – US: Dumpster

UK: Minister for Magic – US: Minister of Magic

[…]

UK: Car park – US: Parking lot

[…]

Disponível em http://w w w .fanpop.com/clubs/harry-potter/articles/4309/title/difference-between-american-british-versions-harry-potter-series. Acesso em nov. 2015.