Questões de Área Português Inglês com Gabarito (Comentado)

1

Q1023955 • Inglês • Substantivos e Compostos Nouns And Compounds • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

Analyse the following sentences:

I. Two miles aren’t very far to walk.

II. Italy are playing Brazil next Sunday.

III. The government have decided to increase taxes.

Considering the nouns are plural or singular, which ones are correct?

a) Only I.
b) Only I and II.
c) Only I and III.
d) Only II and III.
e) I, II and III.

2

Q1023954 • Inglês • Artigos Articles • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

Analyse the following sentences:

_____ Earth goes round ______ sun.

There’s ______ lift on his building, so he doesn’t mind living on _______ tenth floor.

There are millions of stars in ________ space.

Mark the alternative that correctly and respectively fills the blancks:

a) the / the / the / the / –
b) – / the / a / a / the
c) the / the / a / the / –
d) – / – / a / the / the
e) the / the / a / the / the

3

Q1023953 • Inglês • Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

Consider the situation below and analyze the following sentences:

Sarah has a daughter. Her name is Martha, and she is ten years old. Every day she goes to school. She stays there from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. She’s at school now. Today Martha’s mother wants to speak to her daughter’s teacher. So she has gone to the school to see her. She’s at the school now.

I. We say Martha “goes to school” and “is at school” because we are not thinking of a specific school.

II. We say Martha’s mother “has gone to the school” and “is at the school” because we refer to a specific building (Martha’s school).

III. We say Martha’s mother “has gone to the school” and “is at the school” because we refer to one of many schools (Martha’s school).

Which ones are correct?

a) Only I.
b) Only II.
c) Only I and II.
d) Only II and III.
e) I, II and III.

4

Q1023952 • Inglês • Aspectos Linguísticos Linguistic Aspects • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

📖 Texto associado ▼

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
feasts”.
Etymology
The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
_____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
1400.
Carnival period
In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
year, though in some places it may begin already on 17^th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
Carnival in antiquity
Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
until the next carnival.
In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
- a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

Analyze the bold verbs in the following statements about the excerpt “The word carnival comes from the Latin ‘carnem levare’ (=eliminate meat) and originally indicated the banquet that was held …” (lines 05-06) and mark T, if true, or F, if false.

( ) The past form ‘was’ followed by the past participle ‘held’ indicates a past action.

( ) The past form ‘held’ indicates a repeated action in the past.

( ) The past form ‘was’ is the auxiliary verb of this passive voice structure ‘was held’.

( ) The past participle form ‘held’ is the main verb of this passive voice structure.

The correct order of filling the parentheses, from top to bottom, is:

a) T – F – T – T.
b) T – T – F – F.
c) T – F – F – T.
d) F – F – T – T.
e) F – T – T – F.

5

Q1023951 • Inglês • Artigos Articles • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

📖 Texto associado ▼

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
feasts”.
Etymology
The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
_____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
1400.
Carnival period
In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
year, though in some places it may begin already on 17^th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
Carnival in antiquity
Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
until the next carnival.
In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
- a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

Mark the alternative that correctly fills the blacks in line 01.

a) an / a / the
b) a / the / –
c) the / – / the
d) a / – / a
e) – / a / –

6

Q1023950 • Inglês • Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

📖 Texto associado ▼

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
feasts”.
Etymology
The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
_____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
1400.
Carnival period
In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
year, though in some places it may begin already on 17^th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
Carnival in antiquity
Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
until the next carnival.
In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
- a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

Select the alternative that defines correctly the bold word “Lent” (line 07):

a) It’s not a moveable feast, so its date doesn’t vary each year.
b) It originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras).
c) A period of fasting and penitence when Christians abstain from meat.
d) It begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70 days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian calendar).
e) It ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday.

7

Q1023949 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

📖 Texto associado ▼

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
feasts”.
Etymology
The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
_____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
1400.
Carnival period
In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
year, though in some places it may begin already on 17^th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
Carnival in antiquity
Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
until the next carnival.
In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
- a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The sentence “Masks therefore have often an apotropaic meaning” (lines 47-48) can be rewritten with no significative changes in meaning as in:

a) The use of masks intended to show a reversal of the social order and hierarchy.
b) The use of masks intended to show respect to the Gods.
c) The use of masks intended to honor the deceased.
d) The use of masks intended to ward off evil.
e) The use of masks meant the wearer disguised the features of the spirit represented.

8

Q1023948 • Inglês • Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

📖 Texto associado ▼

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
feasts”.
Etymology
The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
_____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
1400.
Carnival period
In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
year, though in some places it may begin already on 17^th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
Carnival in antiquity
Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
until the next carnival.
In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
- a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

The expression “chaos, jokes and even debauchery” (line 28) refers to:

a) A reversal of the social order and hierarchy.
b) A destruction of social order.
c) A disrespect for Christian religious tradition.
d) A disrespect for pagan religious rituals.
e) None of them.

9

Q1023947 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

📖 Texto associado ▼

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
feasts”.
Etymology
The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
_____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
1400.
Carnival period
In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
year, though in some places it may begin already on 17^th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
Carnival in antiquity
Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
until the next carnival.
In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
- a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

Analyze the following statements about the article:

I. Carnival is a festival with religious roots celebrated in countries of Catholic tradition.

II. The etymology of the word carnival, from the Latin carnem levare refers to the pagan Roman tradition of abstaining from meat in Lent.

III. Carnival has its origins in pagan festivals, and it was related to the temporary dissolution of social hierarchies and cycles of nature.

Which ones are correct?

a) Only I.
b) Only II.
c) Only III.
d) Only I and II.
e) Only I and III.

10

Q1023946 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • FUNDATEC • IFC SC • Área Português Inglês • 2023

📖 Texto associado ▼

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
feasts”.
Etymology
The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
_____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
1400.
Carnival period
In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
year, though in some places it may begin already on 17^th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
Carnival in antiquity
Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
until the next carnival.
In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
- a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

Which of the following sentences best summarizes the article?

a) Carnival is an ancient pagan festival celebrated all over the world.
b) Carnival is a festival whose origins precede Christianity and date back to the pagan age of the Roman Empire.
c) Carnival originated as a Christian festival that celebrated Lent, a period of fasting and abstinence from meat.
d) From a historical and religious point of view, Carnival represented a period of social changes in the established order.
e) Carnival is originally a pagan festival that was not related to the cycles of nature.

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