Questões de Concursos Primeiro Semestre

“Era um objetivo absurdo, que trazia em si a derrota e que arruinou vencedores e vencidos; que empurrou os derrotados para a revolução e os vencedores para a bancarrota e a exaustão física. Em 1940 a França foi atropelada com ridícula facilidade e rapidez por forças alemãs inferiores e aceitou sem hesitação a subordinação a Hitler porque o país havia sangrado até quase a morte em 1914-8. A Grã-Bretanha jamais voltou a ser a mesma após 1918, porque o país arruinara sua economia travando uma guerra que ia muito além de seus recursos. Além disso, a vitória total, ratificada por uma paz punitiva, imposta, arruinou as escassas possibilidades existentes de restaurar alguma coisa que guardasse mesmo fraca semelhança com uma Europa estável, liberal, burguesa, como reconheceu de imediato o economista John Maynard Keynes. Se a Alemanha não fosse reintegrada na economia europeia, isto é, se não se reconhecesse e aceitasse o peso econômico do país dentro dessa economia, não poderia haver estabilidade. Mas essa era a última consideração na mente dos que tinham lutado para eliminar a Alemanha”.

Fonte: HOBSBAWM, Eric. A era dos extremos: o breve do século XX: 1914-1991. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1995, p. 38.

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Minority ethnic Britons face ‘shocking’ job discrimination

Haroon Siddique

Thu 17 Jan 2019 17.00GMT Last modified on Fri 18 Jan 2019 00.50GMT

A study by experts based at the Centre for Social Investigation at Nuffield College, University of Oxford, found applicants from minority ethnic backgrounds had to send 80% more applications to get a positive response from an employer than a white person of British origin.

A linked study by the same researchers, comparing their results with similar field experiments dating back to 1969, found discrimination against black Britons and those of south Asian origin – particularly Pakistanis – unchanged over almost 50 years.

The research, part of a larger cross-national project funded by the European Union and shared exclusively with the Guardian before its official launch, prompted concerns that race relations legislation had failed.

It echoes findings published as part of the Guardian’s Bias in Britain series that people from minority ethnic backgrounds face discrimination when seeking a room to rent. In a snapshot survey of online flatshare ads the Guardian found that an applicant called Muhammad was significantly less likely to receive a positive response than an applicant called David.

Prof Anthony Heath, co-author and emeritus fellow of Nuffield College, said: “The absence of any real decline in discrimination against black British and people of Pakistani background is a disturbing finding, which calls into question the effectiveness of previous policies. Ethnic inequality remains a burning injustice and there needs to be a radical rethink about how to tackle it.”

Dr Zubaida Haque, the deputy director of the race equality thinktank Runnymede, described thefindings as shocking. They demonstrated that “it’s not just covert racism or unconscious bias that we need to worry about; it’s overt and conscious racism, where applicants are getting shortlisted on the basis of their ethnicity and/or name”, she said.

“It’s clear that race relations legislation is not sufficient to hold employers to account. There are no real consequences for employers of racially discriminating in subtle ways, but for BME* applicants or employees it means higher unemployment, lower wages, poorer conditions and less security in work and life.”

<https://tinyurl.com/y9nohdte> Acesso em: 07.10.2019. Adaptado.

*BME – Black and Minority Ethnicity