Questões de Concursos FAMEMA

O Ceará, apesar de restrições de renda, destaca-se em alfabetização. Um dos motivos do êxito é a parceria com os municípios, os principais encarregados dos primeiros anos de escolarização.

Além de medidas que incluem formação de professores e material didático estruturado, o governo cearense acionou um incentivo financeiro: as cidades com resultados melhores recebem fatia maior do ICMS, com liberdade para destinação dos recursos.

O modelo já foi adotado em Pernambuco e está sendo implantado ou avaliado por Alagoas, Amapá, Espírito Santo e São Paulo.

Replicam-se igualmente as boas iniciativas do ensino médio em Pernambuco, baseado em tempo integral, que permite ao estudante escolher disciplinas optativas, projeto acolhido em São Paulo.

Auspiciosa, essa rede multilateral e multipartidária pela educação é exemplo de como a sociedade pode se mobilizar em torno de propostas palpáveis.

(“Unidos pelo Ensino”. Folha de S.Paulo, 27.08.2019. Adaptado.)

O Ceará, apesar de restrições de renda, destaca-se em alfabetização. Um dos motivos do êxito é a parceria com os municípios, os principais encarregados dos primeiros anos de escolarização.

Além de medidas que incluem formação de professores e material didático estruturado, o governo cearense acionou um incentivo financeiro: as cidades com resultados melhores recebem fatia maior do ICMS, com liberdade para destinação dos recursos.

O modelo já foi adotado em Pernambuco e está sendo implantado ou avaliado por Alagoas, Amapá, Espírito Santo e São Paulo.

Replicam-se igualmente as boas iniciativas do ensino médio em Pernambuco, baseado em tempo integral, que permite ao estudante escolher disciplinas optativas, projeto acolhido em São Paulo.

Auspiciosa, essa rede multilateral e multipartidária pela educação é exemplo de como a sociedade pode se mobilizar em torno de propostas palpáveis.

(“Unidos pelo Ensino”. Folha de S.Paulo, 27.08.2019. Adaptado.)

An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.

If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.

“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”

But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.

(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)

An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.

If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.

“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”

But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.

(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)

An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.

If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.

“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”

But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.

(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)

[...] no tempo em que se passavam os fatos que vamos narrando nada mais havia comum do que ter cada casa um, dois e às vezes mais agregados.

Em certas casas os agregados eram muito úteis, porque a família tirava grande proveito de seus serviços, e já tivemos ocasião de dar exemplo disso quando contamos a história do finado padrinho de Leonardo; outras vezes porém, e estas eram maior número, o agregado, refinado vadio, era uma verdadeira parasita que se prendia à árvore familiar, que lhe participava da seiva sem ajudá-la a dar frutos, e o que é mais ainda, chegava mesmo a dar cabo dela. E o caso é que, apesar de tudo, se na primeira hipótese o esmagavam com o peso de mil exigências, se lhe batiam a cada passo com os favores na cara, se o filho mais velho da casa, por exemplo, o tomava por seu divertimento, e à menor e mais justa queixa saltavam-lhe os pais em cima tomando o partido de seu filho, no segundo aturavam quanto desconcerto havia com paciência de mártir, o agregado tornava-se quase um rei em casa, punha, dispunha, castigava os escravos, ralhava com os filhos, intervinha enfim nos mais particulares negócios. Em qual dos dois casos estava ou viria estar em breve o nosso amigo Leonardo? O leitor que decida pelo que se vai passar.

(Manuel Antônio de Almeida. Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias, 1994.)