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1Q681012 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.
Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.)
. In the text the author expresses his opinion that
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

2Q681013 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.
Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.)
In the fragment from the second paragraph “so we’re of the opinion that”, the underlined word refers to
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

3Q681014 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.
Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.)
In the context of the second paragraph, the expression “the allure of” means
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

4Q681015 | Inglês, Vocabulário Vocabulary, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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The aliens among us

Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)
In the second sentence in the text, the term “hence” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

5Q681016 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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The aliens among us

Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)
According to the text,
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

6Q681017 | Inglês, Sinônimos Synonyms, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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The aliens among us

Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)
In the fragment “epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

7Q681018 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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It wasn’t the first attempt to deter foreign students, but it could have been the most disruptive. The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency sought to bar visas for international students at colleges that offer only virtual instruction. Students on existing visas would have had to transfer to a school that offers at least some in-person teaching if they wanted to remain in the U.S.
The policy swiftly brought together a broad coalition of colleges, states and businesses that opposed it. “The overwhelming negative reaction to this proposal in a very short period of time shows that the administration really struck a nerve with this,” says Terry Hartle, from the American Council on Education. “It’s unprecedented for that many colleges and universities to file suit against the federal government.”

(Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)
The expressions from the first paragraph “could have been” and “would have had” help understand that, as to exclusively virtual instruction in U.S. universities and colleges,
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8Q681019 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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It wasn’t the first attempt to deter foreign students, but it could have been the most disruptive. The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency sought to bar visas for international students at colleges that offer only virtual instruction. Students on existing visas would have had to transfer to a school that offers at least some in-person teaching if they wanted to remain in the U.S.
The policy swiftly brought together a broad coalition of colleges, states and businesses that opposed it. “The overwhelming negative reaction to this proposal in a very short period of time shows that the administration really struck a nerve with this,” says Terry Hartle, from the American Council on Education. “It’s unprecedented for that many colleges and universities to file suit against the federal government.”

(Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)
The expression from the second paragraph “struck a nerve” means, in the context:
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  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

9Q681020 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

The American embassy escaped the blast in Beirut’s port unscathed. Many Western countries either have missions in the city centre or diplomats who live in the area. The wife of the Dutch ambassador was killed, as was a German diplomat. But America’s embassy sits in the mountain village of Awkar, five miles from the port. Security measures are onerous, a hangover from the bombing of the American embassy in Beirut in 1983, which killed 63 people. It took a week before the ambassador, Dorothy Shea, a career diplomat, toured the port. Even on social media it has been far quieter than other foreign powers.
(www.economist.com, 13.08.2020. Adapted.)
The descriptions in the paragraph
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10Q681021 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
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The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint is simple, but widely misunderstood: Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology (I = PAT). The global rate of consumption growth, before the pandemic, was 3% a year. Population growth is 1%. Some people assume this means that the rise in population bears one-third of the responsibility for increased consumption. But population growth is overwhelmingly concentrated among the world’s poorest people, who have scarcely any A or T to multiply their P.
Yet it is widely used as a blanket explanation of environment breakdown. Panic about population growth enables the people most responsible for the impacts of rising consumption (the affluent) to blame those who are least responsible.

(George Monbiot. www.theguardian.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)
The text states that
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

11Q681022 | Inglês, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Texto associado.
Read the text to answer question.

The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint is simple, but widely misunderstood: Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology (I = PAT). The global rate of consumption growth, before the pandemic, was 3% a year. Population growth is 1%. Some people assume this means that the rise in population bears one-third of the responsibility for increased consumption. But population growth is overwhelmingly concentrated among the world’s poorest people, who have scarcely any A or T to multiply their P.
Yet it is widely used as a blanket explanation of environment breakdown. Panic about population growth enables the people most responsible for the impacts of rising consumption (the affluent) to blame those who are least responsible.

(George Monbiot. www.theguardian.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)
The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint
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12Q681023 | Física, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Um motorista, que conduz seu caminhão com velocidade constante de 25 m/s (90 km/h) por uma estrada retilínea, plana e horizontal, aciona os freios quando percebe um ônibus a sua frente deslocando-se lentamente no mesmo sentido, com velocidade constante de 5 m/s (18 km/h). Supondo-se que a distância entre o caminhão e o ônibus no instante em que o motorista do caminhão aciona os freios é de 80 m, que o ônibus não altera sua velocidade e que não há mudança nas direções dos movimentos de ambos os veículos, o módulo da aceleração mínima, admitida constante, que deve ser imprimida ao caminhão para evitar a colisão é
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13Q681024 | Física, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Um bloco de massa 100 g, apoiado sobre uma superfície horizontal sem atrito, está preso à extremidade de uma mola de constante elástica 1,6 N/m, que tem a outra extremidade presa a um suporte vertical fixo. O bloco realiza movimento harmônico simples, e sua posição x é dada pela equação x = 0,20 cos (4,0·t + 0,80). A máxima aceleração a que o bloco está sujeito nesse movimento tem módulo igual a
  1. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

14Q681025 | Física, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Uma bola de massa 60 g é solta, a partir do repouso, de uma altura igual a 80 cm. Após colidir com o solo, a bola sobe verticalmente até a altura de 45 cm. Considerando-se a aceleração gravitacional igual a 10 m/s² e desprezando-se a resistência do ar, a intensidade do impulso recebido pela bola na colisão com o solo foi de
  1. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

15Q681026 | Física, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Um asteroide com tamanho semelhante ao de um pequeno automóvel passou perto da Terra no último domingo. Chamado de 2020QG, ele esteve a 2 950 quilômetros do planeta, uma distância pequena em termos astronômicos.
(O Estado de S.Paulo, 20.08.2020. Adaptado.)
Considere que a constante de gravitação universal é igual a 6,7 × 10–11 N·m2 /kg2 , que a massa da Terra é 6,0 × 1024 kg e que a menor distância entre o centro do asteroide e o centro da Terra foi, aproximadamente, 1,0 × 107 m (resultado da soma do raio da Terra com a distância do asteroide ao planeta). Uma vez que o asteroide não foi capturado gravitacionalmente pela Terra, sua velocidade, ao passar pelo ponto mais próximo da Terra, era de, no mínimo,
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16Q681027 | Física, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Um recipiente graduado de vidro, de volume interno igual a 800 cm3 , contém certa quantidade de glicerina, ambos a 20 ºC, temperatura para a qual o recipiente foi calibrado. Aquecendo-se o conjunto, nota-se que a indicação do volume de glicerina no interior do recipiente não se altera enquanto a substância estiver no estado líquido. Sendo os coeficientes de dilatação volumétrica do vidro e da glicerina, respectivamente, iguais a 3,0 × 10–5 ºC–1 e 5,0 × 10–4 ºC–1 , a quantidade de glicerina no recipiente, a temperatura de 20 ºC, é igual a
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

17Q681028 | Física, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Dois objetos de materiais, massas e temperaturas diferentes foram colocados no interior de um calorímetro ideal de capacidade térmica desprezível e, após certo tempo, atingiram o equilíbrio térmico. É indubitável que, ao fim desse processo,
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

18Q681029 | Física, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Uma lente convergente de distância focal igual a 6,0 cm é colocada entre duas fontes de luz puntiformes, de modo que fiquem localizadas sobre o eixo principal da lente. Sabendo-se que a distância entre uma das fontes e a lente é 12 cm e que as imagens das duas fontes são coincidentes, a distância entre as fontes de luz é
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
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19Q681030 | Física, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Uma esfera metálica oca, cujo raio da superfície externa é R, está eletrizada com carga positiva e localizada no vácuo. Considere o ponto X, localizado no centro da esfera, e dois pontos, Y e Z, localizados fora da esfera e distando, respectivamente, R e 3R da superfície externa da esfera. Adotando-se o potencial elétrico como nulo a uma distância infinita da esfera e denominando-se VX, VY e VZ os potenciais elétricos dos pontos X, Y e Z, respectivamente, tem-se:
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20Q680832 | Matemática, Problemas, Primeiro Dia, FGV, FGV, 2020

Fátima usou suas economias para comprar dólares, gastando R$ 46.400,00. Se Fátima tivesse feito a compra um ano atrás, com o mesmo montante, em reais, ela teria comprado US$ 1.280,00 a mais, já que o preço de compra do dólar era R$ 0,80 menor. Desconsiderando-se taxas e impostos, a cotação de compra de um dólar, em reais, quando Fátima fez o investimento era um número pertencente ao intervalo de números reais dado por
  1. ✂️
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