Questões de Concursos HEG

Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses chemical compounds, known as chemotherapeutic agents, to combat cancer and diseases caused by biological agents. It can be administered alone or in combination with other treatments, such as surgery and radiotherapy. Thus, evaluate the following propositions:

I.Curative chemotherapy aims at the complete elimination of the tumor, being effective in eradicating cancer;
II.The side effects of chemotherapy may include hair loss, weakness, and mucositis, varying according to the class of the chemotherapeutic agent, dosage, and interval between cycles;
III.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used exclusively after surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells and preventmetastasis. (In fact, it is used before surgery to reduce the tumor).

Select the correct alternative:

The cell is a fundamental component of the organism, capable of maintaining homeostasis to ensure normal functioning. Which of the following statements correctly describes what happens when the cell exceeds the limits of adaptive response and faces adverse conditions?

Contusion is a traumatic injury exerted on a region of the body by a blunt object, in which the skin remains intact and does not lose its continuity. Regarding the subject, judge the following statements as true (T) or false (F):

(__)Third-degree contusions produce lesions in deeper tissues and may result in superficial necrosis, but not deep necrosis;
(__)Fourth-degree contusions are characterized by tissue mortification, including both superficial and deep necrosis, with the possibility of affecting the bone structure;
(__)Morel-Lavallée degloving injury is a special type of hematoma, produced by tangential trauma that causes the detachment of soft tissues between the subcutaneous cellular tissue and the fascia lata, creating a free space filled with blood collection.

Select the alternative in which the respective order of judgment is correct:

Dr. Joy, an experienced physiotherapist, is preparing a presentation for a physiotherapy conference. He would like to include a real case study to illustrate an important point about the effectiveness of a specific technique. During the presentation, Dr. Joy mentions identifiable details and displays images of a client he treated, without having obtained formal authorization from the client or their legal guardian. Dr. Joy believes that using this information will enrich the presentation and promote the technique. Based on ethical standards for physiotherapists, which of Dr. Joy's actions is prohibited?

In the context of respiratory physiotherapy, which of the alternatives below correctly describes one of the objectives of this therapeutic practice?

The range of motion (ROM) is the amount of movement a joint can perform. Regarding the subject, judge thefollowing statements as true (T) or false (F):

(__)ROM is the amount of movement a joint can perform, and to measure this range, the initial position is the anatomical position, except for rotational movements;
(__)In active movement, the range of motion is achieved through the patient's own strength, without external assistance, depending on muscle contraction;
(__)Passive movement does not involve muscle contraction and is performed by an external force, such as an occupational therapist, to achieve the joint's range of motion.

Select the alternative in which the respective order of judgment is correct:

Regarding nutritional therapy in cancer patients, analyze the statement below:

Nutritional therapy is indicated if cancer patients cannot adequately eat any food for more than a week, or less than___of the requirement for more than 2 weeks. We recommend enteral nutrition if oral nutrition remains inadequate despite nutritional interventions.
(https://braspenjournal.org/article/6537d09ea95395083b1a5db3/ pdf/braspen-34-1%2C+Supl+1-6537d09ea95395083b1a5db3.pdf)

The alternative that completes the sentence correctly is:

In the book "Psychopathology and Semiotics of Mental Disorders", Paulo Dalgalarrondo addresses the essential aspects of psychopathology and psychiatric semiology. He explores the importance of the correct diagnosis of mental disorders and the interpretation of symptoms, as well as providing a historical perspective on the evolution of psychopathology. Select the correct alternative:

In dental practice, the use of pharmaceuticals, especially antimicrobials and analgesics, is an important part of treating infections and controlling postoperative pain. Regarding dental pharmacology and its indications, analyze the following propositions:

I.Prophylactic antibiotics should be routinely used in all invasive dental procedures to prevent infections, even in patients without systemic risk factors.
II.Analgesics such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are commonly prescribed for pain management after dental extractions.
III.Prolonged and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials indentistry can lead to the development of bacterial resistance, making infections more difficult to treat in the future.

Assinale a alternativa correta:

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an advanced imaging technique increasingly used in dental practice due to its ability to provide detailed information on orofacial structures. Regarding the use of CBCT in dentistry, select the correct alternative:

Orthognathic surgery aims not only at aesthetic improvement but also at functional enhancement, requiring detailed planning that involves orthodontic diagnosis and advanced radiographic examinations. Regarding the principles that guide this surgery, analyze the following statements:

I.In patients with mandibular retrognathia, mandibular advancement performed during orthognathic surgery can improve not only occlusion but also the patency of the upper airways, helping in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.
II.The use of computed tomography and three-dimensional digital planning is crucial for the accuracy of bone cuts and for predicting final results in orthognathic surgery, being the preferred method for detailed predictions of postoperative occlusion and facial profile.
III.After orthognathic surgery, the use of fixation devices such as plates and screws is always temporary, and they must be removed after complete bone healing to avoid complications.

Select the correct alternative:

Regarding the surgical treatment of maxillofacial fractures, it is essential to consider both the function and aesthetics of the patient. Select the correct alternative:

As políticas sociais, além de sua dimensão econômico-política constituem-se também num conjunto de procedimentos técnico operativos, cuja componente instrumental põe a necessidade de profissionais que atuem em dois campos distintos. São esses dois campos: