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Five countries in the world have a larger population than Brazil.
Rapid growth in the urban population has improved economy in major cities, but on the other hand it caused them serious problems.
Rapid increase in the population of bigger cities brought about economical development together with minor problems.
In 1994, there was a month in which the inflation daily rate averaged more than 1%.
Text VII questions 38 through 40World Bank Brazil country brief1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has thelargest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. Themajority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of thepopulation now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urbanpopulation has aided economic development but also created serious7 problems for major cities.Brazils miracle years were in the late 1960s and early 1970swhen double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure10 of the economy underwent rapid change.In the 1980s, however, Brazils economic performance waspoor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980to 1993. This reflected the economys inability to respond tointernational eventsin the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin Americanexternal debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreigndirect investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the1960s.Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgetingand public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steadyrise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the25 middle of 1994.Internet: (with adaptations).The sentence "Rapid growth in the urban population has aided economic development but also created serious problems for major cities" (R.5-7) means the same as
The bigger and faster urban population grows, the less serious problems are caused.
Mexico population is not so large as the Brazilian one.
Text VII questions 38 through 40
World Bank Brazil country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazils miracle years were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazils economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economys inability to respond to
international eventsin the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
Considering text VII, judge the items below.
More than 20% of Brazilian population lives in the rural area.
Serious problems have been caused by rapid growth of the urban population in major cities, which on the other hand also brought about economic improvement.
The 1988 Constitution helped Brazilian economic flexibility as regard public expenditure.
After the latest Afghanistan war, the world has been facing the greatest oil shock which has never been experienced before.
Last century, Brazilian economy was affected by international factors.
Three important Brazilian industrial cities are mentioned in the text.
Fast increase in the city populations not only has helped economic progress, but also brought about serious problems for bigger urban areas.
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