In semantics, certain words share denotative meaning but differ in connotatio...

In semantics, certain words share denotative meaning but differ in connotation. Which of the following pairs best illustrates this difference?

Q1024172 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • UNIVALI • Prefeitura de Luiz Alves SC • Professor de Língua Inglesa • 2024

In semantics, certain words share denotative meaning but differ in connotation. Which of the following pairs best illustrates this difference?

a) Stubborn and determined ? both imply persistence but carry different connotations, with stubborn being potentially negative.
b) Cheap and affordable ? both suggest low cost, with no connotative differences.
c) Curious and inquisitive ? both have positive connotations in all contexts.
d) Childish and youthful ? both refer to age, with youthful suggesting immaturity.

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Questões sobre Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension

1

Q1105688 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. At first the infant, Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms; And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon’s mouth. And then the justice, In fair round belly with good capon lin’d, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modern instances; And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper’d pantaloon, With spectacles on nose and pouch on side; His youthful hose, well sav’d, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion; Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything

1- Check your overall understanding of the text by deciding if the statements below are true (T) or false (F). ( ) The text is largely autobiographical. ( ) The text clearly makes a criticism of the government of the period. ( ) The idea of the text is that the world can be compared to a stage. ( ) The character being portrayed in the text is not a woman. ( ) Some kinds of clothes described in the text are typical of a period and of a country. ( ) The author points out the best qualities and attitudes of a person in each phase of life. ( ) The author uses comparisons to explain what humans look like and how they act in different ages of their lives.
DIAS, R.; JUCA, L.; FARIA, R. Prime: inglês para o ensino médio. São Paulo: Macmillan, 2014 (adaptado).

This textbook page brings an activity which aligns well with the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) English language section, which emphasizes the development of students’ critical reading, interpretation, and reflection on different textual genres, including literary texts. This statement is correct because students
- a) demonstrate understanding of literal language by identifying that the poem compares life to a stage and people to actors.
- b) connect the text to current historical context by discussing how age roles and clothing reflect values of that period.
- c) are introduced to Western literature, which promotes contact with cultures similar to their own.
- d) are asked to reflect on human life stages, symbolism, and how language constructs meaning.
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2

Q1105687 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
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One could imagine that using digital tools was an additional learning experience for the students in itself. Recent literature has also shown that being able to recognize what can be improved requires being trained to do so. As such, students watching themselves on video could not yield possible improvements that could be made, because noticing them also requires a learning process. It could also be hypothesized that compared to university students, elementary school students are less able to seize the benefit of video recording as a peer and self-evaluation tool. In addition, they had to manage their image, which was an extra effort as well, due to intimidation and possible lack of confidence in front of the camera, although students may have a positive attitude toward videos. One could therefore claim, but obviously without being certain, that a related form of learning took place: the management of technologies for learning, and the management of one’s image.

BOBKINA, J.; DOMÍNGUEZ ROMERO, E. The Role of Video Technology in Supporting Young Learners’ Oral Skills in English as Foreign Language Classrooms. Computers and Education, 2023.

Considering the excerpt, what is the appropriate oral language intervention for public high school students that accounts for their developmental stage and the role of video in language learning?
- a) Designing a project where students plan and record oral texts using video, then reflect gradually with structured feedback. This supports the development of self-awareness and the ability to manage one’s image over time.
- b) Asking students to record unscripted monologues and self-assess them without prior guidance or support. This assumes readiness for self-correction and minimizes the need for guided learning in reflective video use.
- c) Avoiding using video to prevent emotional discomfort and prioritize written feedback and non-visual oral practices. This promotes the necessary management skills taught in oral practices in digital scenarios.
- d) Assigning live oral performances and emphasizing grades and external responses as sources of improvement. This relies on performance-based motivation, combining reflective learning and teacher guidance.
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3

Q1105686 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
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One could imagine that using digital tools was an additional learning experience for the students in itself. Recent literature has also shown that being able to recognize what can be improved requires being trained to do so. As such, students watching themselves on video could not yield possible improvements that could be made, because noticing them also requires a learning process. It could also be hypothesized that compared to university students, elementary school students are less able to seize the benefit of video recording as a peer and self-evaluation tool. In addition, they had to manage their image, which was an extra effort as well, due to intimidation and possible lack of confidence in front of the camera, although students may have a positive attitude toward videos. One could therefore claim, but obviously without being certain, that a related form of learning took place: the management of technologies for learning, and the management of one’s image.

BOBKINA, J.; DOMÍNGUEZ ROMERO, E. The Role of Video Technology in Supporting Young Learners’ Oral Skills in English as Foreign Language Classrooms. Computers and Education, 2023.

A public school teacher wants to develop students’ oral communication skills using digital oral genres that include video. Based on the excerpt, which of the following classroom strategies reflects a theoretically grounded approach?
- a) Students are asked to live stream short gaming sessions in English using YouTube Live or Twitch, and the recordings are immediately shared with the class for peer judgment on fluency through comments in chats.
- b) Students must record and post Instagram or YouTube vlogs weekly. They receive general feedback at the end of the term and are encouraged to rely on viewers’ comments for improvement.
- c) Students listen to professionally narrated audiobooks and record matching voiceovers of selected passages, being primarily evaluated on pronunciation accuracy and vocal tone.
- d) Students create short TikTok-style clips, receive structured feedback on their spoken performance, and gradually reflect on clarity, tone, and pronunciation, with teacher mediation to support self-awareness.
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4

Q1105684 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
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A Digital Learning Platform (DLP) is one effective avenue for enhancing language learning. It connects real learning resources with the digital world for teaching and learning. By converting as many physical learning resources into digital formats as possible, the DLP offers an innovative combination of different learning concepts and structures. It can also ensure that different groups of learners have equal access to learning resources through interaction, communication, and knowledge sharing.

DLPs have transformed English language learning with their numerous advantages, although there are also some notable drawbacks. These platforms offer unmatched accessibility and flexibility, enabling learners to access materials anytime and anywhere and to progress at their own pace. They feature diverse resources such as videos, interactive exercises, quizzes, and reading materials, with multimedia integration enhancing comprehension and retention. Personalized learning experiences are supported through adaptive technologies and immediate feedback. Gamification and interactive activities boost engagement and motivation, while cost-effectiveness and global networking opportunities are notable benefits.

However, there are downsides to consider. Digital platforms may lack the personal touch and immediate feedback of face-to-face interactions, potentially reducing social learning opportunities. Technical issues such as internet reliability and online distractions can pose barriers, requiring learners to stay disciplined and motivated. Quality and credibility can vary, raising concerns about fraudulent or poorly designed courses. Assessment challenges, including cheating and assessing practical language skills, also exist. Moreover, self-study can sometimes leave learners feeling isolated and struggling with complex topics. Balancing digital resources with other learning methods can help address these challenges and ensure a more comprehensive language learning experience.

POONPON, K. et al. TIGA-Based English Learning Platform for Language Learner Competency Development in a Digital Environment. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, n. 6, June 30, 2024 (adapted).

In order to benefit from the resources offered by platforms to evaluate students’ work in an innovative way and also to avoid the drawbacks reported in the text, the teacher could
- a) provide a cloud-based file storage and share the link with the students, so they could upload their written texts.
- b) use e-portfolios with writing in different stages and integration of elements such as oral production and short videos.
- c) ask students to fill in questionnaires with multiple-choice and open questions which can be easily compared and graded.
- d) use platforms like Google Classroom, Moodle or Canvas to publish students’ final grades after evaluating their papers.
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Q1105683 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
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It is impossible to talk about the single story without talking about power. There is a word, an Igbo word, that I think about whenever I think about the power structures of the world, and it is nkali. It’s a noun that loosely translates to “to be greater than another.” Like our economic and political worlds, stories too are defined by the principle of nkali: How they are told, who tells them, when they’re told, how many stories are told, are really dependent on power. Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.

Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories have been used to dispossess and to malign, but stories can also be used to empower and to humanize. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity.

When we reject the single story, when we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.

ADICHIE, C. N. The Danger of a Single Story. New York: Anchor Books, 2019 (adapted).

A high school English teacher decides to foster a debate on social justice with her students based on the situation described in the text. The goal of such activity is
- a) to fight stereotypes: analyze and breed your assumptions, prejudices and preconceived thoughts.
- b) to advocate for diversity: spread your voice and platform to share miscellaneous stories and dare prevailing narratives.
- c) to promote a dialogue: conversations with people from different backgrounds contesting their unique experiences and perspectives.
- d) to research standardized sources of information: read books, watch movies and follow media outlets that share unbiased narratives and perspectives.
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6

Q1105682 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
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It is impossible to talk about the single story without talking about power. There is a word, an Igbo word, that I think about whenever I think about the power structures of the world, and it is nkali. It’s a noun that loosely translates to “to be greater than another.” Like our economic and political worlds, stories too are defined by the principle of nkali: How they are told, who tells them, when they’re told, how many stories are told, are really dependent on power. Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.

Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories have been used to dispossess and to malign, but stories can also be used to empower and to humanize. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity.

When we reject the single story, when we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.

ADICHIE, C. N. The Danger of a Single Story. New York: Anchor Books, 2019 (adapted).

According to the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), the approach to English as a Lingua Franca imposes challenges and new priorities for teaching, among which is the deepening of reflections on the relationships between language, identity and culture, and the development of intercultural competence. In order to follow the BNCC, which quote do you consider appropriate for the initial warm-up to introduce Adichie’s text and why?
- a) “Take no one’s word for anything, including mine — but trust your experience. Know whence you came. If you know whence you came, there is really no limit to where you can go.” (James Baldwin). Because there are social limits to where people can go.
- b) “Language is not a neutral medium that easily and freely becomes the intentional property of the speaker: on the contrary, it is inhabited and overpopulated by other people’s intentions.” (Mikhail Bakthin). Because language does not depend on people’s intentions.
- c) “To liquidate peoples, we begin by taking away their memory. We destroy their books, their culture, their history. And someone else writes other books for them, gives them another culture and invents another history for them.” (Milan Kundera). Because it is through history that identities are preserved.
- d) “A fully unified, complete, secure, and coherent identity is a fantasy. Instead, as systems of cultural meaning and representation multiply, we are confronted by a bewildering and shifting multiplicity of possible identities, each of which we could identify with at least temporarily.” (Stuart Hall). Because systems of cultural meaning and representations are limited.
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7

Q1105681 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
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It is impossible to talk about the single story without talking about power. There is a word, an Igbo word, that I think about whenever I think about the power structures of the world, and it is nkali. It’s a noun that loosely translates to “to be greater than another.” Like our economic and political worlds, stories too are defined by the principle of nkali: How they are told, who tells them, when they’re told, how many stories are told, are really dependent on power. Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.

Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories have been used to dispossess and to malign, but stories can also be used to empower and to humanize. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity.

When we reject the single story, when we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.

ADICHIE, C. N. The Danger of a Single Story. New York: Anchor Books, 2019 (adapted).

Based on the discussion proposed by the text, which teaching objective is aligned with the principles of the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC)?
- a) Searching for general and specific information about the relationship between the environment and consumption.
- b) Proposing alternatives based on socio-environmental awareness and responsible consumption.
- c) Assessing the purposes and intentions of discourses with a critical and ethical attitude.
- d) Applying critical linguistic resources of the language with a certain autonomy.
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8

Q1105680 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
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O Google lançou esta semana uma coleção com experimentos de inteligência artificial — desenvolvida com o modelo Gemini. Cada um dos experimentos da chamada Little Language Lessons, que ainda é uma exploração inicial, aborda uma maneira diferente pela qual a inteligência artificial pode apoiar a aprendizagem no mundo real.

O primeiro é o Tiny Lesson. Com ele, o usuário descreve uma situação, por exemplo “pedir informações” ou “encontrar um passaporte perdido”, e recebe vocabulário, frases e dicas gramaticais úteis, adaptados a esse contexto.

O segundo é o Slang Hang, que gera conversas autênticas para ajudar o usuário a aprender expressões e gírias. A pessoa pode acompanhar o desenrolar de um diálogo entre falantes nativos, revelando uma mensagem de cada vez e desvendando termos desconhecidos à medida que aparecem.

“Um dos aspectos mais interessantes deste experimento é o elemento da narrativa emergente. Cada cena é única e gerada na hora — pode ser um vendedor ambulante conversando com um cliente, dois colegas de trabalho se encontrando no metrô ou até mesmo um casal de amigos há muito perdidos se reencontrando inesperadamente em uma exposição de animais de estimação exóticos”, pontuou Wade, acrescentando que pode haver erros de precisão. “Ocasionalmente, ele usa incorretamente certas expressões e gírias, ou até mesmo as inventa. Os Large Language Models (LLM) ainda não são perfeitos e, por isso, é importante fazer referências cruzadas com fontes confiáveis”.

VEIGA, C. Google Launches AI Tools to Teach Languages. Disponível em: https://epocanegocios.globo.com. Acesso em: 2 maio 2025 (adaptado).

In a high school English class, students are using one of the AI tools described in the article to practice informal conversation. Based on the impacts mentioned in the article, how can the teacher promote students’ autonomy and critical use of AI?
- a) Encouraging students to explore dialogues like the one described in: “The user can follow the flow of a dialogue between native speakers, revealing one message at a time and figuring out unfamiliar terms as they appear”. No further validation is required, as the tool adjusts to the learner’s level.
- b) Asking students to repeat and memorize sentences from scenes such as: “Each scene is unique and generated on the spot — it might be a street vendor talking to a customer, two coworkers meeting on the subway” in order to internalize spontaneous native speech.
- c) Asking students to complete exercises based on input like: “The user describes a situation, such as ‘asking for directions’ or ‘finding a lost passport’, and receives vocabulary, phrases, and grammar tips adapted to that context”, to promote autonomous reactions towards AI feedback.
- d) Encouraging students to reflect on content like: “Occasionally, it uses certain expressions and slang incorrectly — or even makes them up. LLM are still not perfect, and that is why it is important to cross-check with reliable sources”. Students compare output with trustworthy references before using them.
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Q1105679 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • INEP • INEP • Inglês • 2025
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Garcia (2009) é quem expande o conceito de translinguagem, que parte de uma visão heteroglóssica, em que o sujeito possui um único repertório linguístico e suas práticas linguísticas e dinâmicas semióticas são superiores às línguas convencionais de países e estados. Liberali (2013) defende esta perspectiva e enfatiza a necessidade de termos que considerar o currículo da educação multi/bilíngue a partir das atividades e práticas sociais e permitir aos alunos expandirem seu repertório e suas formas de participação. A educação bilíngue consiste em um programa educacional formal que se faz presente pelo aprendizado de componentes curriculares pela instrução em duas línguas e não manter o foco apenas no aprendizado da língua. Aqui no Brasil, podemos distinguir a educação bilíngue em dois grandes grupos: dominante (educação bilíngue de línguas de prestígio, frequentemente de escolas particulares de elite em que se objetiva o aprendizado de uma segunda língua, como o inglês) e minoritários (educação indígena, migrantes de crise, educação em regiões de fronteiras, educação de surdos).

Projeto-piloto: escola bilíngue com adequações. Disponível em: www.ibipora.pr.gov.br. Acesso em: 2 maio 2025 (adaptado).

Considering the Brazilian context described in the text, what challenge may arise in implementing the proposed bilingual model in public schools?
- a) The focus on content instruction in two languages limits cultural expansion.
- b) Translanguaging practices conflict with policies that value plurilingual repertoires.
- c) The dominance of elite-oriented bilingual models deepens educational inequality.
- d) Bilingual curricula hinder student autonomy and uphold prescriptive language norms.
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10

Q1103158 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • CESPE CEBRASPE • Câmara dos Deputados • Especialidade Policial Legislativo Federal • 2026
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The role of the police in a healthy democracy is radically different from their role in authoritarian societies. In autocratic regimes, the police serve mainly to protect not the people, but the regime. The police are therefore typically politicized, with appointments being part of the patronage system that rewards regime loyalists. Police officers spend a great deal of time spying on the populace to unmask political opposition; crime against citizens is less of a concern. Abuse and corruption are usually rife, because police are not held accountable for their actions. Rather, political leaders tolerate abuses by the police in return for police loyalty to the regime.

By contrast, in democratic societies the primary mission of the police is to protect citizens against crime and disorder, including illegal or corrupt behavior by officials. In democracies, police have carefully circumscribed roles that require close and positive relations with ordinary citizens. The use of arms and pursuit of criminals are rare and take up only a tiny fraction of police time. Instead, police officers spend the vast bulk of their time building relationships with the community through patrols, community-enhancing activities, and listening to citizens. The goal of democratic policing is to build a web of relationships between the community and the police that helps to control crime by making police aware of the persons and activities in the communities that they are assigned to protect and by inclining citizens to trust and cooperate with police. This also achieves the primary goal of making citizens feel secure in their daily activities, thereby fostering a climate that encourages increased legitimate business activity, investment, and planning for the future.

Michael D. Wiatrowski and Jack A. Goldstone. The ballot and the badge: democratic policing. In: Journal
of Democracy, Volume 21, Number 2. Internet: <muse.jhu.edu> (adapted).

Concerning the previous text, judge the following items.

In the fragment “police have carefully circumscribed roles that require close and positive relations with ordinary citizens” (second paragraph), “ordinary citizens” are people who represent the average citizen in a democratic society.
- a) Certo
- b) Errado
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