The Iliad, the Odyssey, Alexander romance literature, and the Hebrew Bible:

Q1024497 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • COSEAC • UFF • Língua Inglesa • 2025

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Text 4

What Was the First Book Ever Written?

By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Epic of Gilgamesh, from ancient Mesopotamia, is often cited as the first great literary composition, although some shorter have survived that are even earlier (notably the “Kesh Temple Hymn” and “The Instructions of Shuruppak”). Apart from its length, the Epic of Gilgamesh may be considered the earliest significant composition because of its enduring impact on literature through the ages. It is believed to have influenced other ancient literary works, including the Iliad, the Odyssey, Alexander romance literature, and the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), all of which continue to have significant literary impact in their own right.

Available at: https://www.britannica.com/story/what-was-the-first-book-ever-written# Access at: 02 dec. 2024. Adapted.

The Iliad, the Odyssey, Alexander romance literature, and the Hebrew Bible:

a) were influenced by The Epic of Gilgamesh.
b) exercised influence on The Epic of Gilgamesh.
c) were written at the same time as The Instructions of Shuruppak.
d) are not considered works of literature.

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Equipe Gabarite EQUIPE
31/08/2026 • 17:01

Essa questão aborda um tema muito interessante da literatura antiga: qual foi o primeiro livro ou obra escrita que teve grande impacto na cultura e no desenvolvimento literário. O texto destaca que o Épico de Gilgamesh, originário da antiga Mesopotâmia, é frequentemente citado como a primeira grande composição literária, por sua extensão e influência duradoura.

Além disso, o texto ressalta que o Épico de Gilgamesh influenciou outras obras literárias importantes, como a Ilíada, a Odisseia, a literatura de romance de Alexandre e a Bíblia Hebraica. Ou seja, essas obras foram influenciadas pelo Épico de Gilgamesh, e não o contrário. Portanto, é incorreto afirmar que essas obras exerceram influência sobre o Épico de Gilgamesh ou que foram escritas simultaneamente a outras obras antigas citadas.

Por fim, o texto deixa claro que essas obras são consideradas de grande valor literário, contrariando a alternativa que as nega como tal. Dessa forma, a alternativa correta é a que indica que a Ilíada, a Odisseia, a literatura do romance de Alexandre e a Bíblia Hebraica foram influenciadas pelo Épico de Gilgamesh.

Questões sobre Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension

1

Q1143250 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Exército • EsPCEx • Cadete do Exército • 2025
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Secret WWII tunnels under London to become new tourist attraction

A vast network of secret underground tunnels beneath central London, constructed during World War II, is set to be transformed into a major tourist attraction by 2028. The London Tunnels project, led by Angus Murray, aims to convert the historic Kingsway Exchange Tunnels into an immersive venue that combines a museum, exhibition space, and entertainment area, commemorating the tunnels' role in British history. With an estimated cost of £120 million ($149 million), the project seeks to attract up to three million visitors annually. Tickets are expected to cost over £30 ($37), and the attraction could rival visitor numbers of landmarks like the London Eye, which draws more than three million visitors each year.

The Kingsway Exchange Tunnels were originally built as air-raid shelters during the German bombing campaigns of World War II and were completed in 1942. However, by then, the bombing campaigns had ended, and the tunnels were never used for their intended purpose. Actually, their true significance emerged only later. In 1944, they were repurposed as a spy headquarters where Ian Fleming, the creator of James Bond, worked for the Naval Intelligence Service. The tunnels' connection to espionage adds a unique allure to the planned attraction, inviting visitors to explore a world filled with history, mystery, and wartime secrets. Post-war, the tunnels were expanded and became a top-secret communication center during the Cold War.

The tunnels have remained largely inaccessible to the public since the 1980s. The project aims to offer an immersive experience that merges historical preservation with modern technology. The attraction is set to include high-resolution immersive screens, interactive activities, hundreds of speakers, and scent-emitting technology to engage visitors fully. "One of the most thrilling global destinations," said Murray, envisioning the project as offering a unique journey through London's wartime past.

Adapted from https://www.jpost.com/omg/viral-news-from-the-web/article-840940

According to the excerpt “A vast network of secret underground tunnels beneath central London, constructed during World War II, is set to be transformed into a major tourist attraction by 2028.” (paragraph 1), it is correct to say that the new attraction
- a) may open before 2028.
- b) is going to open after 2028.
- c) is not going to open in 2028.
- d) is not going to open before 2028.
- e) must open in 2028.
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2

Q1143156 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Marinha • COLÉGIO NAVAL • Aluno • 2025
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Read Text II to answer question.

TEXT II

France to trial ban on mobile phones at school for children under 15

Kim Willsher - Paris
Tue 27 Aug 2024

France is to trial a ban on mobile phones at school pupils who are younger than 15, seeking to give children a "digital pause" that, if judged successful, could be rolled out nationwide from January.

Just under 200 secondary schools will take place in the experiment that will require youngsters to hand over phones on arrival at reception. It takes the prohibition on the devices further than a 2018 law that banned pupils at primary and secondary schools from using their phones on the premises but allowed them to keep possession of them.

Announcing the trial on Tuesday, the acting education minister, Nicole Belloubet, said the aim was to give youngsters a "digital pause". If the trial proves successful, the ban would be introduced in all schools from January, Belloubet said.

A commission set up by the president, Emmanuel Macron, expressed concern that the overexposure of children to screens was having a detrimental effect on their health and development.

A 140-page report published in March concluded there was "a very clear consensus on the direct and indirect negative effects of digital devices on sleep, on being sedentary - a lack of physical activity and the risk of being overweight and even obese - as well as on sight". It said the "hyper" use of phones and other digital technology was not only bad for children but also for "society and civilisation".

The report recommended children's use of mobile phones be controlled in stages: no mobile phones before the age of at least 11, mobiles without internet access between 11 and 13, phones with internet but no access to social media before 15.

It also suggested children under three years old should not be exposed at all to digital devices, which it said were "not necessary for the healthy development of the child".

"We must put the digital tool in its place. Up to at least six years old a child has no need for a digital device to develop," Servane Mouton, a neurologist and neurophysiologist who was on the commission, said. "We have to teach parents once again how to play with their children."

Banning phones in schools has long been debated across Europe. In countries where bans exist this is most often confined to their use and do not require children to hand them over.

In Germany there are no formal restrictions but most schools have prohibited the use of mobile phones and digital devices in classrooms except for education purposes. A quasi ban has been in place in Dutch secondary school classrooms since the beginning of this year, but as a recommendation and not a legal obligation. From this school year the directive will also apply to primary schools.

Italy was early to phone bans, introducing one in 2007, easing it in 2017 and reimposing it in 2022. It applies to all age groups.

In February this year, the British government issued guidance for schools "on prohibiting the use of mobile phones throughout the school day" but said it was for individual head teachers and leaders to decide on phone use policy.

Portugal is experimenting with a compromise by introducing a number of phone-free days at schools each month, while in Spain schools in some autonomous regions have imposed a ban but there is no nationwide prohibition.

Adapted from: <https://www.thequardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/27/franceto-trial-ban-on-mobile-phones-at-school-for-children-under-15>

The main purpose of the experiment in France is to:
- a) prohibit kids' exposure to any digital devices.
- b) prove that mobile phones can be controlled.
- c) encourage pupils to have a sedentary life.
- d) teach youngsters how to play with smartphones.
- e) provide children with a digital pause at schools.
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3

Q1142859 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Marinha • ESCOLA NAVAL • Aspirante • 2025
Which question completes the dialogue below correctly?
Richard: She's won a gold medal.
Paul: _______
- a) Neither am I.
- b) So have I.
- c) Neither is she.
- d) So am I.
- e) Neither have I.
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4

Q1142804 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Exército • EsPCEx • Cadete do Exército • 2023
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Why NASA spacesuits are white

What do Neil Armstrong, Ed White, and today's ISS (International Space Station) astronauts have in common? They all wore a white spacesuit. And they're not alone. Beyond NASA, space programs in countries like Russia and China also use white suits. Not the colors of the Russian flag or China's iconic yellow and red, just white. That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives. NASA didn't always have white spacesuits. Their very first manned spaceflight featured silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum of space. And that's the key because out there, spacesuits have to be highly reflective. And the best color for that isn't silver, it's white.

Here on Earth, our atmosphere shields us from 77% of the sun's radiation. But astronauts in space don't have that natural shield, which makes them vulnerable to blistering temperatures, severe sunburn, and even cancer-causing cell damage. So to combat that, they wear white suits that reflect the sun's harmful radiation.

But those white EVA (extra-vehicular activity) suits aren't the only garment in an astronaut's closet. When heading into space or coming home, NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit because that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention, so if there's a malfunction during landing and astronauts have to abandon ship, so to speak, they need to be easy to spot for rescue crews.

That being said, times are changing. Nowadays we have more sophisticated ways of locating astronauts in need of rescue, like GPS trackers and transponders, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their color choices. NASA and other programs are already starting to use other colors like deep blue and mustard yellow. And in the future, they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars. It will be the longest crewed space mission to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression. That's where colorful spacesuits could be useful.

Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com/why-are-nasa-spacesuits-white-2019-4

According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.

I- Silver spacesuits were used in the past.
II - The Earth receives 77% of the sun's radiation.
III - When going to or returning from a mission, NASA astronauts wear a vibrant color suit.
IV - At present, there aren't any other ways of tracking astronauts in rescue.
V - Colorful spacesuits could prevent boredom or depression.
- a) I and IV are correct
- b) II and III are correct
- c) I, III and IV are correct
- d) II, IV and V are correct
- e) I, III and V are correct
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5

Q1142801 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Exército • EsPCEx • Cadete do Exército • 2023
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Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

(Título omitidopropositadamente)

(CNN) - A couple abandoned their baby at an airport check-in desk in Tel Aviv, Israel after arriving without a ticket for the child. The pair, who have not been identified, were checking in for a Ryanair flight from Ben Gurion International Airport to Brussels, Belgium on Tuesday with the infant. It emerged that the baby did not have a ticket, and the couple headed off to board the flight - leaving their child behind on the airline check-in counter.

"The matter was referred to police", a spokeswoman for Ryanair told CNN in an email. She said: "These passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Brussels presented at check-in without a booking for their infant. They then proceeded to security leaving the infant behind at check-in. The check-in agent at Ben Gurion Airport contacted Airport Security, who retrieved these passengers, and this is now a matter for local police."

According to Ryanair's website, "infants can be included in a flight reservation during the online booking process." When making plans to travel with an infant, a pop-up message appears on the site stating that there is a €25 ($27) charge - or the local currency equivalent - for each one-way flight the baby takes while sitting on an adult's lap. A seat must be paid for by separate arrangement if the adults want the baby to travel in a car seat.

The Israeli Airport Authority confirmed the episode to CNN and said in a statement: "A couple and an infant with Belgian passports arrived for a flight at Terminal 1 without a ticket for the baby. The couple also arrived late for the flight, once the check-in for the flight was closed. The couple left the infant seat with the baby and ran toward the security checks at Terminal 1 in an attempt to reach the boarding gate for the flight."

A spokesman for Israel Police told CNN in a phone call that the matter appeared to have been resolved by the time police arrived on the scene. He said: "The baby was with the parents and there's no further investigation."

Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/travel

A round-trip ticket for an infant on an adult's lap costs
- a) € 25
- b) $ 50
- c) $ 27
- d) € 50
- e) € 54
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6

Q1142800 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Exército • EsPCEx • Cadete do Exército • 2023
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(Título omitidopropositadamente)

(CNN) - A couple abandoned their baby at an airport check-in desk in Tel Aviv, Israel after arriving without a ticket for the child. The pair, who have not been identified, were checking in for a Ryanair flight from Ben Gurion International Airport to Brussels, Belgium on Tuesday with the infant. It emerged that the baby did not have a ticket, and the couple headed off to board the flight - leaving their child behind on the airline check-in counter.

"The matter was referred to police", a spokeswoman for Ryanair told CNN in an email. She said: "These passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Brussels presented at check-in without a booking for their infant. They then proceeded to security leaving the infant behind at check-in. The check-in agent at Ben Gurion Airport contacted Airport Security, who retrieved these passengers, and this is now a matter for local police."

According to Ryanair's website, "infants can be included in a flight reservation during the online booking process." When making plans to travel with an infant, a pop-up message appears on the site stating that there is a €25 ($27) charge - or the local currency equivalent - for each one-way flight the baby takes while sitting on an adult's lap. A seat must be paid for by separate arrangement if the adults want the baby to travel in a car seat.

The Israeli Airport Authority confirmed the episode to CNN and said in a statement: "A couple and an infant with Belgian passports arrived for a flight at Terminal 1 without a ticket for the baby. The couple also arrived late for the flight, once the check-in for the flight was closed. The couple left the infant seat with the baby and ran toward the security checks at Terminal 1 in an attempt to reach the boarding gate for the flight."

A spokesman for Israel Police told CNN in a phone call that the matter appeared to have been resolved by the time police arrived on the scene. He said: "The baby was with the parents and there's no further investigation."

Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/travel

CNN obtained information to write the article through
- a) social media and texting.
- b) email and phone call.
- c) TV shows and interviews.
- d) letter and radio.
- e) video chat and web sites.
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7

Q1142799 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Exército • EsPCEx • Cadete do Exército • 2023
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(Título omitidopropositadamente)

(CNN) - A couple abandoned their baby at an airport check-in desk in Tel Aviv, Israel after arriving without a ticket for the child. The pair, who have not been identified, were checking in for a Ryanair flight from Ben Gurion International Airport to Brussels, Belgium on Tuesday with the infant. It emerged that the baby did not have a ticket, and the couple headed off to board the flight - leaving their child behind on the airline check-in counter.

"The matter was referred to police", a spokeswoman for Ryanair told CNN in an email. She said: "These passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Brussels presented at check-in without a booking for their infant. They then proceeded to security leaving the infant behind at check-in. The check-in agent at Ben Gurion Airport contacted Airport Security, who retrieved these passengers, and this is now a matter for local police."

According to Ryanair's website, "infants can be included in a flight reservation during the online booking process." When making plans to travel with an infant, a pop-up message appears on the site stating that there is a €25 ($27) charge - or the local currency equivalent - for each one-way flight the baby takes while sitting on an adult's lap. A seat must be paid for by separate arrangement if the adults want the baby to travel in a car seat.

The Israeli Airport Authority confirmed the episode to CNN and said in a statement: "A couple and an infant with Belgian passports arrived for a flight at Terminal 1 without a ticket for the baby. The couple also arrived late for the flight, once the check-in for the flight was closed. The couple left the infant seat with the baby and ran toward the security checks at Terminal 1 in an attempt to reach the boarding gate for the flight."

A spokesman for Israel Police told CNN in a phone call that the matter appeared to have been resolved by the time police arrived on the scene. He said: "The baby was with the parents and there's no further investigation."

Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/travel

Choose the most appropriate title for the text.
- a) Israeli Airport Authority found a baby in a car seat at the airport's parking lot.
- b) Couple travel to Brussels and forget their kid at the airport.
- c) A child was found unattended in a flight from Brussels to Tel Aviv.
- d) Couple leave ticketless baby at Israeli airport check-in.
- e) Family is not allowed to travel due to baby's expired passport.
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8

Q1142798 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Exército • EsPCEx • Cadete do Exército • 2023
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Identical twins go on separate vegan and meat diets to see difference they make to body

In 2021, a set of identical twins took part in an experiment that involved one going vegan while the other consumed meat to see which of these two diets is (1)________. The diets are complete polar opposites, but which one is being (2) ________ to your body?

Well, explorers Hugo and Ross Turner decided to put the plant-based and omnivore diets to the test to see which was better - with Hugo ditching meat and dairy and Ross sticking to a diet that included meat, dairy and fish. The twins took part in the Kings College London study over a 12-week period (3) ________ the same number of calories each day as well as carrying out the same gym training.

Hugo admitted that the switch to a plant-based diet hadn't been easy, but he eventually ended up feeling more energetic. "I was on the vegan diet and it really does take a hit on your body. I was now having to eat fruit and nuts and alternatives that didn't have any dairy in them - and so that meant I was eating a lot more wholesome food, which meant that my sugar levels were a lot satiated during the day. I felt like I had more energy."

On the other hand, Ross' meat-eating journey was a little different. As he said, his gym performance was 'up and down a little bit more'. He added that on some days of the challenge he felt 'very energetic' and on others he would have 'huge lulls'.

By the end of the 12-week study, the men found that the differences between the two diets weren't very significant, after all.

Adapted from https://www.ladbible.com/community/twins-vegan-meat-diet-233165-20230217

In the sentence "He added that on some days of the challenge he felt 'very energetic' and on others he would have 'huge lulls'." (paragraph 4), the word lulls means Ross felt
- a) tired
- b) excited
- c) stressed
- d) happy
- e) calm
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9

Q1142795 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Exército • EsPCEx • Cadete do Exército • 2023
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Entertainment

In the summer of 1944, the popular comedian and radio personality Bob Hope began another of his famous tours of military camps for the United Service Organizations (USO). This particular tour made stops in Hawaii and on small islands all across the Pacific theater, where Hope and his troupe performed 150 shows in two months. American military personnel loved the shows. Hope's jokes and silly stunts made them laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes. Entertainment gave them something to fight for.

Military commanders in all wars throughout history have understood that morale is essential to a force's willingness to fight and endure hardship. While good morale depends (1) ________ many things, including good leadership, clear purposes and good food, entertainment played a crucial role in the morale of American military forces during World War II (WWII). Entertainment also served particular purposes for different constituent groups. Of course, entertainment gave servicemen a break from the stresses and the boredom of war. Radio programs, movie showings, USO shows, and visits from Red Cross women serving donuts all allowed soldiers to think (2) ________ something besides the war, relax and even to laugh.

Adapted from https://americansoldierww2.org/topics/entertainment

According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.

I - Military servicemen made Bob Hope laugh.
II - The tour terminated in Hawaii.
III - Radio programs, movie showings and USO shows are examples of entertainment during
IV - Entertainment is essential to elevate the morale of the military personnel during war.
V - Bob Hope and his troupe performed a hundred fifteen shows in sixty days.
- a) III and IV are correct.
- b) I and V are correct.
- c) I and III are correct.
- d) II and V are correct.
- e) Only V is correct.
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10

Q1142727 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Marinha • Quadro Complementar • Segunto Tenente • 2025
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Read the text below and answer question.

TEXT II

TITLE: Asteroid probe snaps rare images of Martian Moon

March 13, 2025 3:29 PM

By Agence France-Press

Paris -
On the way to investigate the scene of a historic asteroid collision, a European spacecraft swung by Mars and captured rare images of the red planet's mysterious small moon Deimos, the European Space Agency said Thursday.

Europe's HERA mission is aiming to find out how much of an impact a NASA spacecraft made when it deliberately smashed into an asteroid in 2022 in the first test of our planetary defenses.

But HERA will not reach the asteroid - which is 11 million kilometers from Earth in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter - until late 2026.

On the long voyage there, the spacecraft swung around Mars on Wednesday.

The spacecraft used the planet's gravity to get a "kick" that also changed its direction and saved fuel, mission analyst Pablo Munoz told a press conference.

For an hour, HERA flew as close as 5,600 kilometers from the Martian surface, at a speed of 33,480 kilometers an hour.

It used the opportunity to test some of its scientific instruments, snapping around 600 pictures, including rare ones of Deimos.

The lumpy, 12.5-kilometer-wide moon is the smaller and less well-known of the two moons of Mars.

Exactly how Deimos and the bigger Phobos were formed remains a matter of debate.

Some scientists believe they were once asteroids that were captured in the gravity of Mars, while others thinkthey could have been shot from a massive impact on the surface.

The new images add "another piece of the puzzle" to efforts to determine their origin, Marcel Popescu of the Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy said.

There are hopes that data from HERA's "HyperScout" and thermal infrared imagers which observe colors beyond the limits of the human eye - will shed light on this mystery by discovering more about the moon's composition.

Those infrared imagers are why the red planet appears blue in some of the photos.

Next, HERA will turn its focus back to asteroid Dimorphos. When NASA's DART mission smashed into Dimorphos in 2022, it shortened the 160-meter-wide asteroid's orbit around its big brother Didymos by 33 minutes.

Although Dimorphos itself posed no threat to Earth, HERA intends to discover whether this technique could be an effective way for Earth to defend itself against possibly existence-threatening asteroids in the future.

Space agencies have been working to ramp up Earth's planetary defences, monitoring for potential threats so they can be dealt with as soon as possible.

Earlier this year, a newly discovered asteroid capable of destroying a city was briefly given a more than 3% chance of hitting Earth in 2032.

However further observations sent the chances of a direct hit back down to nearly zero.

Richard Moissl, head of the ESA's planetary defense office, said that asteroid, 2024 YR, followed a pattern that will become more common.

As we get better at scanning the skies, "we will discover asteroids at a higher rate," he said.

The ESA is developing a secondary planetary defense mission to observe the 350-meter-wide asteroid Apophis, which will fly just 32,000 kilometers from Earth on April 13, 2029.

If approved by the ESA's ministerial council, the Ramses mission will launch in 2028, reaching the asteroid two months before it approaches Earth.

(Adapted from: https://www.voanews.com/a/asteroid-probesnaps-rare-images-of-martian-moon/8009850.html)

According to the text, HERA's main objective was:
- a) to capture rare images of the red planet's moon Deimos.
- b) to reach the quite mysterious asteroid Apophis.
- c) to investigate the scene of a historic collision.
- d) to test some of its scientific instruments to take pictures.
- e) to focus on the characteristics of the asteroid Dimorphos.
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