The transformation from direct to indirect speech requires specific adjustmen...

The transformation from direct to indirect speech requires specific adjustments in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions according to English grammar rules. Consider the direct speech: "I hav...

Q1081889 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • AMAUC • Prefeitura de Seara SC • Edital n 1 • 2025

The transformation from direct to indirect speech requires specific adjustments in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions according to English grammar rules. Consider the direct speech: "I have been working on this project since last month, and I will finish it by next Friday," she announced confidently yesterday. Which alternative correctly transforms this into indirect speech?

a) She announced confidently yesterday that she had been working on that project since the previous month and would finish it by the following Friday.
b) She announced confidently yesterday that she had worked on that project since the previous month and will have finished it by the following Friday.
c) She announced confidently yesterday that she has been working on that project since last month and she will finish it by next Friday.
d) She announced confidently yesterday that she has worked on that project since the previous month and would have finished it by next Friday.
e) She announced confidently yesterday that she was working on this project since last month and will finish it by next Friday.

Questões sobre Pronomes Pronouns

1

Q1097817 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • IGEDUC • Prefeitura de Jati CE • Professor de Língua Inglesa • 2026
Syntactic complexity in English is achieved through coordination and subordination, with specific focus on the distinction between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses. Based on the rules of punctuation and the use of relative pronouns in formal English, choose the CORRECT alternative.
- a) The researchers, who ignored the safety protocols were dismissed, while the equipment that was extremely expensive remained intact.
- b) The researchers who ignored the safety protocols were dismissed, while the equipment which was extremely expensive remained intact.
- c) The researchers, who ignored the safety protocols, were dismissed, while the equipment which was extremely expensive remained intact.
- d) The researchers who ignored the safety protocols were dismissed, while the equipment, which was extremely expensive, remained intact.
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2

Q1097805 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • IGEDUC • Prefeitura de Jati CE • Professor de Língua Inglesa • 2026
The use of "prop-it" and "anticipatory-it" in English involves specific syntactic structures where the pronoun serves as a placeholder for a delayed subject. Based on the rules for using pronouns as formal subjects in complex sentences, choose the CORRECT alternative.
- a) "It is essential that all staff members attend the safety training" uses a referential "it" to point back to a previously mentioned training session.
- b) "It is essential that all staff members attend the safety training" uses a deictic "it" to point directly to the physical environment of the office.
- c) "It is essential that all staff members attend the safety training" uses a reflexive "it" to emphasize the internal obligation of the staff.
- d) "It is essential that all staff members attend the safety training" uses an anticipatory "it" to displace the clausal subject to the end.
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3

Q1095903 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • Avança SP • Prefeitura de Nova Odessa SP • Inglês • 2026
📖 Texto associado ▼

Brazil floods: 'I saw people trapped in their
homes crying for help'

Heavy rains in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais have caused severe flooding and landslides, leaving at least 32 people dead. The cities most affected are Juiz de Fora and Ubá.

In Juiz de Fora, twelve homes were swept away by a mudslide. In Ubá, a river burst its banks and flooded several streets. Rescue teams have been searching for at least 38 people who remain missing, while shelters have been set up for thousands of residents who were left homeless.

Meteorologists reported that the amount of rain that fell in the region during the month was already double the average normally expected for February, and additional rainfall was forecast for the following days.

A resident of Ubá, Lucas Gandra, told BBC Brasil that he received the first flood warning early on Tuesday, when a friend called to inform him that the local river was about to overflow. According to him, the situation worsened very quickly.

“At 00:07 the water was overflowing and by 00:20 it was already causing enormous damage. The water rose very quickly,” he said.

The city, located about 300 kilometers north of Rio de Janeiro, had previously experienced flooding in 2019 and 2020, but residents reported that the current disaster was far more destructive.

Lucas Gandra also described dramatic scenes during the flooding, recalling that many residents were trapped in their homes and calling for help.

More than 200 people were rescued by emergency teams, although some of those who died had reportedly attempted to help others during the disaster. Another resident of Ubá, Carolina Magalhães, described the situation as “horrific.” She reported seeing floodwaters carrying debris through thestreets, including household items, motorcycles, and gas cylinders.

DINIZ, Iara; BUSCHSCHLÜTER, Vanessa. Brazil floods: “I saw people trapped in their homes crying for help”. BBC News, 25 Feb. 2026. Available at: BBC News article (adapted) Accessed on: 1 Mar. 2026.

Read the sentence extracted from the text.
“Lucas Gandra also described dramatic scenes during the flooding, recalling that many residents were trapped in their homes and calling for help.”
Identify the possessive pronoun/adjective used in the sentence.
- a) Many
- b) Their
- c) Scenes
- d) During
- e) Help
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4

Q1089478 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • IBADE • Prefeitura de Castelo ES • Língua Inglesa • 2025
📖 Texto associado ▼

Read the text below and answer the next question:

Gaia Pope: Family appeals for art in memory of teenager

The family of teenager Gaia Pope are appealing for people to create and donate artwork to honour her memory a year after her death.

The 19-year-old was reported missing from Swanage on 7 November. Her body was found 11 days later near the Dorset coast path.

Her family said as the anniversary of her disappearance approached they were "asking people to make something to show she is not forgotten".

The artwork will be displayed online.

Miss Pope, from Langton Matravers, near Swanage, made an allegation she was raped two years before her death.

Her family claimed an alleged failed police investigation "severely affected Gaia's mental and physical state".

Art, particularly pyrography (woodburning), became a form of therapy for the teenager, her family said.

Her mother Natasha Pope said: "I don't speak about my daughter in the past tense - I utter her name as I always have because I know she is still with me, every moment, in all we're doing.

"Gaia's art and poetry, inspired by the beauty of nature and the strength of femininity, is her way of connecting with her true self. In spite of all she's been through she is not defined by that.

"Our Gaia would want to provide a forum for others to find their voice and create."

Miss Pope's cousin Marienna Pope-Weidemann added: "Some things are so big, run so deep, they can only be expressed through art. Our love and our grief for Gaia feels that way.

"The love we've felt from the community felt that way too. We want to honour that, make it visible, maybe do something to show other survivors, families who's lost someone too soon, that they are not alone."

The family said the project was inspired by the #JusticeForLB social media campaign and want people to share their art on Twitter via #JusticeForGaia.

The #JusticeForLB campaign was set up by Dr Sara Ryan - the mother of 18-year-old Connor Sparrowhawk, who had epilepsy and drowned in a bath after having a seizure in Oxford.

Dorset Police is being investigated over the way it handled the rape allegation and its response to Miss Pope's disappearance.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-dorset45571415

In the sentence “Her family said as the anniversary of her disappearance approached they were 'asking people to make something to show she is not forgotten'”, what does the pronoun “they” refer to?
- a) To Gaia herself.
- b) To the Dorset Police.
- c) To Gaia’s family.
- d) To the social media campaign.
- e) To the community of artists.
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5

Q1079533 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • VUNESP • PM SP • Aspirante da Polícia Militar
📖 Texto associado ▼

Leia o texto para responder à questão.
What is organized crime?
Organized crime was characterised by the United Nations, in 1994, as: “group organization to commit crime; hierarchical links or personal relationships which permit leaders to control the group: violence, intimidation and corruption used to earn profits or control territories or markets; laundering of illicit proceeds both in furtherance of criminal activity and to infiltrate the legitimate economy; the potential for expansion into any new activities and beyond national borders; and cooperation with other organized transnational criminal groups.”
It is increasingly global. Although links between, for example, mafia groups in Italy and the USA have existed for decades, new and rapid means of communication have facilitated the development of international networks. Some build on shared linguistic or cultural ties, such as a network trafficking drugs and human organs, which links criminal gangs in Mozambique, Portugal, Brazil, Pakistan, Dubai and South Africa. Others bring together much less likely groups, such as those trafficking arms, drugs and people between South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan and Russia, or those linking the Russian mafia with Colombian cocaine cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese Yakuza. Trafficked commodities may pass from group to group along the supply chain; for instance heroin in Italy has traditionally been produced in Afghanistan, transported by Turks, distributed by Albanians, and sold by Italians.
Organized crime exploits profit opportunities wherever they arise. Globalization of financial markets, with free movement of goods and capital, has facilitated smuggling of counterfeit goods (in part a reflection of the creation of global brands), internet fraud, and money-laundering. On the other hand, organized crime also takes advantage of the barriers to free movement of people across national borders and the laws against non-medicinal use of narcotics: accordingly it earns vast profits in smuggling migrants and psychoactive drugs. Briquet and Favarel have identified deregulation and the “rolling back of the state” in some countries as creating lacunae that have been occupied by profiteers. The political changes in Europe in the late 1980s fuelled the growth in criminal networks, often involving former law enforcement officers. Failed states, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo or Sierra Leone, have provided further opportunities as criminal gangs smuggle arms in and commodities out, for example diamonds, gold, and rare earth metals, often generating violence against those involved in the trade and in the surrounding communities. Finally, there are a few states, such as the Democratic Republic of Korea and Burma and Guinea-Bissau (once described as a narco-state) where politicians have been alleged to have played an active role in international crime.
Organized criminal gangs have strong incentives. Compared with legitimate producers, they have lower costs of production due to the ability to disregard quality and safety standards, tax obligations, minimum wages or employee benefits. Once established, they may threaten or use violence to eliminate competitors, and can obtain favourable treatment by regulatory authorities either through bribes or threats.
(www.globalizationandhealth.com. Adaptado)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo – those linking the Russian mafia with Columbian cocaine cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese Yakuza. – a palavra those refere-se, no texto, a
- a) criminal gangs.
- b) international networks.
- c) mafia groups.
- d) trafficking arms.
- e) cocaine cartels.
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Q1068669 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • VUNESP • EsFCEx • Especialidade Magistério em Inglês • 2025
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Read the text to answer question.

Based on theoretical, experimental, and experiential knowledge, teachers and teacher educators have expressed their dissatisfaction with method in different ways. Studies clearly demonstrate that, even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum.

In this sense, the post method condition is established as a timely response. It signifies interrelated attributes. First and foremost, it signifies a search for an alternative to method rather than an alternative method. While alternative methods are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes. In practical terms, this means that we need to refigure the relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner of language teaching. If the concept of method authorizes theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative strategies.

Secondly, the postmethod condition signifies teacher autonomy. The conventional concept of method “overlooks the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as students” (Freeman, 1991). The postmethod condition, however, recognizes the teachers’ potential to know not only how to teach but also how to act autonomously within the academic and administrative constraints imposed by institutions, curricula, and textbooks. It also promotes the ability of teachers to know how to develop a critical approach in order to self-observe, self-analyze, and self-evaluate their own teaching practice with a view to effecting desired changes.

(B. Kumaravadivelu, Beyond Methods: Macrostrategies for language
teaching. Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2003. Adaptado)

Pronouns are important elements for text cohesion. In the extract from the second paragraph “It signifies interrelated attributes”, the pronoun It has “the postmethod condition” as its referent. A pronoun it that does not have a referent and only performs a grammatical function is a “nonreferential it”. In the following sentences, a “nonreferencial it” is found in:
- a) I’m tired and it’s becoming difficult to read with this background noise affecting my concentration!
- b) I know I left it somewhere in the living room.
- c) I brought the newspaper. Where exactly did you put it?
- d) The dog is barking and it’s becoming anxious with all those people shouting outside.
- e) I can’t find my key anywhere, though I’m absolutely sure I saw it in the kitchen earlier.
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7

Q1062562 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • CESPE CEBRASPE • TCU • Técnico Federal de Controle Externo • 2025
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A new scholarship aimed at developing the next generation of artificial intelligence “pioneers” will open to applicants in spring 2026, with the first cohort beginning studies the following autumn.

The Sparck AI scholarships, named after pioneering British computer scientist Karen Sparck Jones, will give master’s degree university students access to industry-leading firms as the Government looks to boost the UK’s AI credentials.

The University of Bristol will be one of nine universities to offer the fully-funded Government scholarship, alongside faculties in Newcastle, Manchester and Edinburgh.

The scheme has been developed in line with the Government’s “AI Opportunities Action Plan”, receiving more than £17 million of funding from Westminster, with the grant covering both students’ tuition and living costs.

Alongside master’s places, 100 scholars will receive placements in leading AI companies, as well as mentorship from industry experts. It is hoped the scholarships will give students “unparalleled access” to the fast-moving industry.

Vice-Chancellor Evelyn Welch said the scholarships would give Bristol the chance to “explore bold new ideas and nurture exceptional talent.” Technology Secretary Peter Kyle MP said he believed the scheme would help students secure “highly skilled jobs” and build “a workforce fit for the future.” AI talent acquisition firm Beamery said the scholarships would help their goal to create “equal access to work” and connect “talent to opportunity”.

Internet:<www.bbc.com> (adapted).

About the ideas and the linguistic aspects of the previous text, judge the following item.
In the sentence “It is hoped the scholarships will give students ‘unparalleled access’ to the fast-moving industry” (second sentence of the fifth paragraph), the pronoun “It” refers back to the word “mentorship”, mentioned in the previous sentence.
- a) Certo
- b) Errado
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Q1047599 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • Marinha • ESCOLA NAVAL • Cadete do Exército
📖 Texto associado ▼

Too many third graders can’t read this sentence
9 Feb. 2017- Editor's Picks

Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face challenges that will impact their future, including academic struggles that could lead to dimmer academic and career prospects. Sadly, only one in three U.S. students demonstrates reading proficiency at the end of third grade. This has alarming consequences for these children, and for our country.
A report released today from the Business Roundtable (BRT) sheds light on this troubling trend in American education, and advises business leaders on how they can help put more children on a path to success.
(...)
I’ve heard it said that before third grade, students are learning to read, while after third grade, they’re reading to learn. Grade three is a critical crossroads in a life's journey. If you’ve read this far, then you understand why this is so important. Not enough of our young learners can say the same.
I encourage you to read the BRT report. As you read, please consider ways to help our schools and our teachers keep students on paths to bright futures.
Leave your comments below

Michel Jonas

Really, all I read was blabla wa wa wa. Are you Charlie Brown’s teacher? If we can't understand our children who are crying out for help and direction, then there is something wrong with you. Please go back and check yourself! They are worth so much more.

Rick Shire

Thanks for sharing. With two young children, I increasingly think about the importance of early childhoodeducation. Pre-k care is far too inaccessible, ultimately magnifying inequality from the earliest stages of life.

Tom Franks

What exactly is education? Academic education doesn't make someone a better person or even a better employee, I would guess that anything we learn in the education process is at the most 10% useful to us as people. Education should teach academia but also life skills such as budgeting, EQ skills, languages etc., all the elements to be a successful person and not necessarily a successful professional.
(Adapted from https ://www.linkedin.com)

By reading the text, we CANNOT state that the pronoun
- a) “their” in “Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face challenges that will impact their future...” refers to "Two-thirds of U.S. third graders”.
- b) "these" in "This has alarming consequences for these children...” refers to “only one in three U.S. students”.
- c) “they” in “...how they can help put more children on a path to success.” refers to “business leaders".
- d) “they" in “...while after third grade, they’re reading to learn.” refers to “students”.
- e) "you” in “i encourage you to read the BRT report.” refers to the reader.
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9

Q1047578 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • Marinha • COLÉGIO NAVAL • Cadete do Exército
The Vikings
Raiders, travelers or brave explorers?
The Vikings sailed the seas, attacked towns, and stole treasures all over Europe between 800 and 1100. They started from Scandinavia and attacked many countries in Europe. They settled in Britain, Ireland and France. They also crossed the Atlantic Ocean and arrived in Iceland and Greenland. They discovered North America but they also traveled east to Russia and south to Arabia.
They were good farmers and excelient shipbuilders. They used their ships for war. They also used them to carry people and goods to new lands. In winter, when there was not much farm work to do, they stayed home and did other interesting jobs. Men made swords to use them in battle. The Vikings liked swords so much they often decorated them with gold and gave them names. Women cooked and made clothes, shoes, and jewelry for themselves,______ children and husbands.
In 866 the Vikings captured an Anglo-Saxon town. They called it Jorvik and it was the capital of the Viking kingdom for 200 years. They made Jorvik rich and one of the most famous cities in Britain. Some years ago, archeologists discovered part of that Viking town in York, the modern city of Jorvik. They found many things such as jewelry, coins and clothes. If you ever go to York and you want to traveli back in time and see how the Vikings lived, visit the Jorvik Centre!
Adapted from Wilson, D. M. (1987) The Vikings, Activity Book, British Museum Press http://www.pi-schools.gr/books/gymnasio/aggl_a_prox/ergas/043-060.pdf
Which possessive form completes the gap in text III?
- a) their
- b) her
- c) his
- d) hers
- e) theirs
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10

Q1047572 • Inglês • Pronomes Pronouns • Marinha • COLÉGIO NAVAL • Cadete do Exército
Helping at a hospital
Every year many young people finish school and then take a year off before they start work or go to college. Some of them go to other countries and work as volunteers. Volunteers give their time to help people. For example, they work in schools or hospitais, orthey help with conservation.
Mike Coleman is 19 and______________in Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States. He wants to become a teacher but now he ______________ in Namibia. He's working in a hospital near Katima Mulilo. He says, " I'm working with the doctors and nurses here to help sick people. I'm not a doctor but I can do a lot of things to help. For example, I help carry people who can't walk. Sometimes I go to villages in the mobile hospital, too. There aren't many doctors here so they need help from people like me. I don't get any money, but that's OK, l'm not here for the money.”
"I'm staying here for two months, and I'm living in a small house with five other volunteers. The work is hard and the days are long, but I'm enjoying my life here. I'm learning a lot about life in Southern África and about myself! When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel in and around Namibia for three weeks. For example, I want to see the animais in the Okavango Delta in Botswana."
http://vyre-legacy-access.cambridge.org
Read the fragment from the text.
“Some of them go to other countries and work as volunteers.” (lines 2 and 3)
What does the object pronoun them refer to?
- a) Schools and hospitais.
- b) People in general.
- c) Hospital volunteers.
- d) Young people.
- e) College students.
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The transformation from direct to indirect speech requires specific adjustments in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions according to English grammar rules. Consider the direct speech: "I hav...

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