False cognates often lead to comprehension errors in language learning contex...

False cognates often lead to comprehension errors in language learning contexts. Which pair below does NOT represent false cognates between English and Portuguese?

Q1081892 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • AMAUC • Prefeitura de Seara SC • Edital n 1 • 2025

False cognates often lead to comprehension errors in language learning contexts. Which pair below does NOT represent false cognates between English and Portuguese?

a) "Fabric" (English: textile material) / "Fábrica" (Portuguese: factory) - material vs. location concepts.
b) "Library" (English: place for books) / "Livraria" (Portuguese: bookstore) - different semantic fields.
c) "College" (English: higher education) / "Colégio" (Portuguese: secondary school) - educational level difference.
d) "Actually" (English: in fact) / "Atualmente" (Portuguese: currently) - temporal vs. emphatic meanings.
e) "Natural" (English: occurring in nature) / "Natural" (Portuguese: occurring in nature) - equivalent meanings despite different pronunciations.

Questões sobre Vocabulário Vocabulary

1

Q1102284 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • UNIVALI • Prefeitura de Luiz Alves SC • Professor de Língua Inglesa • 2026
Etymology explores the origins and historical development of words. Regarding the influence of other languages on the English lexicon, mark the CORRECT alternative.
- a) The vast majority of basic English vocabulary, including functional words and common household items, is derived exclusively from Ancient Greek and Latin roots.
- b) The Great Vowel Shift was a morphological process that occurred during the Old English period, aimed at aligning the spelling of words with their Celtic etymological origins.
- c) English belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family, but its vocabulary was heavily influenced by Old French following the Norman Conquest in 1066, leading to many doublets.
- d) Loanwords in English are strictly prohibited in formal academic discourse, as they are considered linguistic errors that weaken the purity of the Saxon language.
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Q1102282 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • UNIVALI • Prefeitura de Luiz Alves SC • Professor de Língua Inglesa • 2026
Regarding the use of vocabulary and the phenomenon of "false friends" in the relationship between English and Portuguese, mark T for True or F for False:
(__)The word "actual" in English is a false cognate that means "na verdade" or "real", and it should not be translated as "atual" in Portuguese.
(__)The English term "novel" refers to a long fictional narrative in prose (romance), while the Portuguese word "novela" is typically translated as "soap opera" or "short novel".
(__)"Comprehensive" is a cognate word that shares exactly the same meaning with "compreensivo" in Portuguese, usually describing someone who is empathetic.
(__)Lexical precision in academic English requires the use of phrasal verbs instead of Latinate single-word equivalents to increase the level of formality and abstraction.
Now, choose the CORRECT alternative with the sequence from top to bottom:
- a) T, F, T, T.
- b) F, T, T, F.
- c) F, T, F, T.
- d) T, T, F, F.
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Q1102280 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • UNIVALI • Prefeitura de Luiz Alves SC • Professor de Língua Inglesa • 2026
Analyze the following statements regarding lexical relations and vocabulary use in English:
I.Phrasal verbs are idiomatic combinations consisting of a verb and a particle (adverb or preposition) that often function as a single semantic unit.
II.Transitive phrasal verbs can be separable, allowing the object to be placed between the verb and the particle, especially when the object is a personal pronoun.
III.Idioms are expressions whose meaning can be easily deduced by the literal sum of the meanings of their individual component words.
Which of the statements above is/are CORRECT?
- a) I and II only.
- b) III only.
- c) II only.
- d) I, II, and III.
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Q1098733 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • Avança SP • Prefeitura de Nova Odessa SP • Inglês • 2026
Many common verbs have both formal and informal versions.
Identify the alternative that presents the informal equivalent of the formal expression purchase.
- a) obtain
- b) acquire
- c) buy
- d) collect
- e) receive
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5

Q1095734 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • Instituto Legalle • Prefeitura de Ibiraiaras RS • Professor de Língua Inglesa • 2026
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Pulp Literature Magazine is open to submissions

They're open for fiction submissions from Canadian writers only in February and will open general submissions (for all writers) in March. They want any genre or betweengenre work of literature up to 50 pages in length. They accept short stories, novellas, poetry, and comics. They take all genres of fiction, not just pulp - including fantasy, romance, mystery, literary. They do not publish nonfiction, memoir, or children's stories. They take more short fiction than novellas. They also publish reprints. Please note, fiction submission is via a form on their website, which may close temporarily even during open reading periods, if submissions get overwhelming. They accept queries for art. Submission is via a form.
Deadline: 28 February 2026 (Canadian writers only).
Length: Up to 10,000 words (prefer up to 4,000 words).
Pay: $0.05 - $0.08 per word for short stories (to 5000 words), $0.03 - $0.06 per word between 5,000 and 10,000 words, and $0.02 - $0.04 per word for works over 10,000 words; $25-50 for poetry and art; $25-75/page for sequential art.

Fonte: https://www.freedomwithwriting.com/freedom/uncategorized/10- magazines-and-anthologies-paying-up-to-600-for-short-stories/

Consider the expressions extracted from the text below. Mark T (True) if they function as collocations, or F (False) if they do not:

() "short stories". () "general submissions". () "per word". () "please note".

Which option CORRECTLY fills in the parentheses above, from top to bottom?
- a) F-F-T-T.
- b) T-T-T-T.
- c) F-T-T-T.
- d) T-T-F-F.
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Q1089474 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • IBADE • Prefeitura de Castelo ES • Língua Inglesa • 2025
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Read the text below and answer the next question:

Gaia Pope: Family appeals for art in memory of teenager

The family of teenager Gaia Pope are appealing for people to create and donate artwork to honour her memory a year after her death.

The 19-year-old was reported missing from Swanage on 7 November. Her body was found 11 days later near the Dorset coast path.

Her family said as the anniversary of her disappearance approached they were "asking people to make something to show she is not forgotten".

The artwork will be displayed online.

Miss Pope, from Langton Matravers, near Swanage, made an allegation she was raped two years before her death.

Her family claimed an alleged failed police investigation "severely affected Gaia's mental and physical state".

Art, particularly pyrography (woodburning), became a form of therapy for the teenager, her family said.

Her mother Natasha Pope said: "I don't speak about my daughter in the past tense - I utter her name as I always have because I know she is still with me, every moment, in all we're doing.

"Gaia's art and poetry, inspired by the beauty of nature and the strength of femininity, is her way of connecting with her true self. In spite of all she's been through she is not defined by that.

"Our Gaia would want to provide a forum for others to find their voice and create."

Miss Pope's cousin Marienna Pope-Weidemann added: "Some things are so big, run so deep, they can only be expressed through art. Our love and our grief for Gaia feels that way.

"The love we've felt from the community felt that way too. We want to honour that, make it visible, maybe do something to show other survivors, families who's lost someone too soon, that they are not alone."

The family said the project was inspired by the #JusticeForLB social media campaign and want people to share their art on Twitter via #JusticeForGaia.

The #JusticeForLB campaign was set up by Dr Sara Ryan - the mother of 18-year-old Connor Sparrowhawk, who had epilepsy and drowned in a bath after having a seizure in Oxford.

Dorset Police is being investigated over the way it handled the rape allegation and its response to Miss Pope's disappearance.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-dorset45571415

In the sentence “Her family claimed an alleged failed police investigation 'severely affected Gaia's mental and physical state'”, the word “alleged” most nearly means:
- a) confirmed beyond doubt.
- b) accused without proof.
- c) supported by strong evidence.
- d) ignored deliberately.
- e) investigated thoroughly.
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Q1081891 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • AMAUC • Prefeitura de Seara SC • Edital n 1 • 2025
The English language employs various morphological processes to create new words from existing roots. Understanding these processes is crucial for vocabulary expansion and linguistic analysis. Which sequence correctly demonstrates the derivational process from the root "act" to create words with different grammatical categories?
- a) act (verb) ? enact (prefix + verb) ? enactment (noun) ? enacted (past participle) ? enactor (agent).
- b) act (root) ? react (prefix + root) ? reaction (noun) ? reactive (adjective) ? reactivity (noun).
- c) act (verb) ? action (noun) ? active (adjective) ? actively (adverb) ? activate (verb).
- d) (noun) ? acted (past tense) ? acting (gerund) ? actor (agent noun) ? actual (adjective).
- e) act (verb) ? actual (adjective) ? actually (adverb) ? actuality (noun) ? actualize (verb).
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Q1068680 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • VUNESP • EsFCEx • Especialidade Magistério em Inglês • 2025
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Read the text to answer question.

Making the Case: The Importance

of Listening in Language Learning

It has taken many years to bring the language teaching profession around to realizing the importance of listening in second and foreign language learning. As observed by Rivers, long an advocate for listening comprehension, “Speaking does not of itself constitute communication unless what is said is comprehended by another person”. Teaching the comprehension of spoken speech is therefore of primary importance if the communication aim is to be reached” (1966, pp. 196, 204). The reasons for the nearly total neglect of listening are difficult to assess, but as Morley notes, “Perhaps an assumption that listening is a reflex, a little like breathing - listening seldom receives overt teaching attention in one’s native language - has masked the importance and complexity of listening with understanding in a non-native language” (1972, p. vii).

In reality, listening is used far more than any other single language skill in normal daily life. On average, we can expect to listen twice as much as we speak, four times more than we read, and five times more than we write.

(Joan Morley,. In: Marianne Celce-Murcia, (Ed.). Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston: Heinle&Heinle-Thomson, 2001. Adaptado)

In the fragment from the first paragraph “It has taken many years to bring the language teaching profession around to realizing the importance of listening in second and foreign language learning”, the bolded words form a collocation. In English, collocations with the verbs ‘do’ and ‘make’ are particularly frequent. One correct instance of such collocation is found in the bolded words in alternative:
- a) After all he went through, he made certain he’d never fly that airline again.
- b) I made my best to try and solve the problem with the possibilities I had.
- c) We did a break so everybody could think over the situation and act accordingly.
- d) We did photos of the whole event, so that we’d have recollections of it in the future.
- e) After hours of brainstorming and hard work, we were sure we’d done progress.
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Q1068674 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • VUNESP • EsFCEx • Especialidade Magistério em Inglês • 2025
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Read the text to answer question.

Based on theoretical, experimental, and experiential knowledge, teachers and teacher educators have expressed their dissatisfaction with method in different ways. Studies clearly demonstrate that, even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum.

In this sense, the post method condition is established as a timely response. It signifies interrelated attributes. First and foremost, it signifies a search for an alternative to method rather than an alternative method. While alternative methods are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes. In practical terms, this means that we need to refigure the relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner of language teaching. If the concept of method authorizes theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative strategies.

Secondly, the postmethod condition signifies teacher autonomy. The conventional concept of method “overlooks the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as students” (Freeman, 1991). The postmethod condition, however, recognizes the teachers’ potential to know not only how to teach but also how to act autonomously within the academic and administrative constraints imposed by institutions, curricula, and textbooks. It also promotes the ability of teachers to know how to develop a critical approach in order to self-observe, self-analyze, and self-evaluate their own teaching practice with a view to effecting desired changes.

(B. Kumaravadivelu, Beyond Methods: Macrostrategies for language
teaching. Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2003. Adaptado)

The meaning of the word “overlook” as used in the second paragraph of the text is
- a) deepen.
- b) neglect.
- c) give rise to.
- d) enhance.
- e) recognize.
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Q1047552 • Inglês • Vocabulário Vocabulary • Marinha • ESCOLA NAVAL • Cadete do Exército
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Hard Lesson in Sleep for Teenagers
By Jane E. Brody October 20, 2014
Few Americans these days get the hours of sleep optimal for their age, but experts agree that teenagers are more likely to fall short than anyone else.
Researchers report that the average adolescent needs eight and a half to nine and a half hours of sleep each night. However, in a poll taken in 2006 by the National Sleep Foundation, less than 20 percent reported getting that much rest on school nights. With the profusion of personal electronics, the current percentage is believed to be even worse. A study in Fairfax, Va., found that only 6 percent of children in the 10th grade and only 3 percent in the 12th grade get the recommended amount of sleep. Two in three teens were found to be severely sleep-deprived, losing two or more hours of sleep every night. The causes can be biological, behavioral or environmental. The effect on the well-being of adolescents — on their health and academic potential — can be profound.
Insufficient sleep in adolescence increases the risks of high blood pressure and heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity, said Dr. Owens, pediatric sleep specialist at Children's National Health System in Washington. Sleeplessness is also linked to risk-taking behavior, depression, suicidal ideation and car accidents. Insufficient sleep also impairs judgment, decision-making skills and the ability to curb impulses, which are "in a critical stage of development in adolescence," Dr. Owens said. With the current intense concern about raising academic achievement, it is worth noting that a study by Kyla Wahlstrom of 9,000 students in eight Minnesota public high schools showed that starting school a half-hour later resulted in an hour's more sleep a night and an increase in the students' grade point averages and standardized test scores.
When children reach puberty, a shift in circadian rhythm makes it harder for them to fall asleep early enough to get the requisite number of hours and still make it to school on time. A teenager’s sleep-wake cycle can shift as much as two hours, making it difficult to fall asleep before 11 p.m. If school starts at 8 or 8:30, it is not possible to get enough sleep. Based on biological sleep needs, a teenager who goes to sleep at 11 p.m, should be getting up around 8 a.m.
Adding to the adolescent shift in circadian rhythm are myriad electronic distractions that cut further into sleep time, like smartphones, iPods, computers and televisions. A stream of text messages, tweets, and postings on Facebook and Instagram keep many awake long into the night.
Parents should consider instituting an electronic curfew and perhaps even forbid sleep-distracting devices in the bedroom, Dr . Owens said. Beyond the bedroom, many teenagers lead overscheduled lives that can lead to short nights.
Also at risk are many teenagers from low-income and minority families, where overcrowding, excessive noise and safety concerns can make it difficult to get enough restful sleep, the academy statement said. Trying to compensate for sleep deprivation on weekends can further compromise an adolescent's sleep-wake cycle by inducing permanent jet lag. Sleeping late on weekends shifts their internal clock, making it even harder to get to sleep Sunday night and wake up on time for school Monday morning.
(Adapted and abridged from http://www.nytimes.com)

Which words are similar in meaning to ''curb" and "curfew" in the following extracts: "Insufficient sleep also impairs judgment, decision-making skills and the ability to curb impulses [...] . " and "Parents should consider instituting an electronic curfew and perhaps even forbid sleep-distracting devices in the bedroom [...] ."?
- a) restrict/device
- b) restrict/limit
- c) restrict/delay
- d) encourage/device
- e) encourage/delay
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False cognates often lead to comprehension errors in language learning contex...

False cognates often lead to comprehension errors in language learning contexts. Which pair below does NOT represent false cognates between English and Portuguese?

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