“Coping strategies”, as mentioned in the last paragraph, refer to

Q1113838 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • VUNESP • Prefeitura de Peruíbe SP • Inglês • 2023

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Through practice and experience in an increasingly wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting of grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these components are interrelated. An increase in one component interacts with other components to produce a corresponding increase in overall communicative competence.

Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a language and to make use of these features to interpret and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.

Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text, a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural links between individual sentences provide cohesion. Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with the social rules of language use.

Sociocultural competence requires an understanding of the social context where language is used: the roles of the participants, the information they share, and the function of the interation. And although we are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural flexibility or cultural awareness.

The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse, and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective use of coping strategies is important for communicative competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent communicators from those who are less so.

(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the

twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a

second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.

3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)

“Coping strategies”, as mentioned in the last paragraph, refer to

a) the approach adopted by speakers when facing a difficult communicative situation.
b) the strategies language learners employ to try and avoid mistakes in grammar.
c) the negotiation of meaning between language users in unfamiliar communicative contexts.
d) specific techniques used by both language learners and fluent speakers to communicate properly.
e) resources used by learners to make up for some deficient knowledge when trying to communicate.

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David Castilho EQUIPE
22/08/2026 • 15:02

Vamos analisar a expressão 'coping strategies' conforme o texto. No último parágrafo, a autora afirma que estratégias de coping (lidar) são empregadas quando enfrentamos contextos desconhecidos, restrições devido ao conhecimento imperfeito das regras ou fatores limitantes (como cansaço ou distração), e que o uso efetivo dessas estratégias distingue comunicadores mais competentes dos menos competentes. O próprio texto menciona que a competência estratégica ('strategic competence') é representada justamente por essas estratégias de coping para lidar com dificuldades comunicativas.

A alternativa (a) fala em abordagem adotada diante de situações comunicativas difíceis, o que conversa com parte da ideia, mas não destaca a noção de compensar algum tipo de deficiência específica, que está enfatizada no texto.

A alternativa (b) restringe-se apenas à gramática, o que não corresponde ao sentido do texto, já que as estratégias de coping abrangem outros aspectos comunicativos, não apenas gramaticais.

A alternativa (c) menciona apenas negociação de significado, que também é limitada, pois as estratégias englobam outras ações além da negociação.

A alternativa (d) fala em técnicas que garantem comunicação apropriada, o que pode abranger, mas não deixa claro o aspecto compensatório discutido no texto.

Já a alternativa (e) traz a ideia de que são 'recursos usados por aprendizes para compensar algum conhecimento deficiente ao tentar se comunicar', o que é exatamente o ponto central do conceito de estratégias de coping descrito no texto.

Portanto, a alternativa correta é a letra e.

Questões sobre Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension

1

Q1131045 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • IDCAP • Prefeitura de Vargem Alta ES • Professor de Ingles Ensino Fundamental • 2023
Read the following text produced in a chat on social media.
I came across a hilarious meme known as the "Distracted Boyfriend" while browsing my social media feed. The creativity in meme culture is truly impressive. After sharing it with friends, their reactions were akin to "LOL, where did you find this?" Memes have a unique way of bringing people together through shared humor. Later, during a conversation about favorite TV shows, we delved into discussing OTPs (One True Pairings), highlighting the prevalence of fandom-specific language in online conversations. A friend mentioned a trending hashtag challenge — #RandomActsofKindness — showcasing the positive use of social media. A throwback photo with #ThrowbackThursday brought back many memories, emphasizing how swiftly time passes. Amidst the discussion, someone playfully dropped a leet speak reference, leading to laughter and speculations about secret hacking skills.

What is the main focus of the text?
- a) The nostalgic reflections prompted by #ThrowbackThursday posts.
- b) The positive influence of trending hashtag challenges on social media.
- c) The significance of fandom-specific language in discussions about TV shows.
- d) The humor and shared experiences facilitated by memes in online communities.
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Q1131040 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • IDCAP • Prefeitura de Vargem Alta ES • Professor de Ingles Ensino Fundamental • 2023
Read the dialogue below:
Luke: "Do you ever think about the concept of time? It's like we're constantly racing against it."
Mary: "Time is a construct. The real challenge is understanding that the present moment is all we truly have."

What does Mary imply about time and the present moment?
- a) Racing against time is a pointless endeavor.
- b) Racing against time is the only meaningful pursuit in life.
- c) Time is an illusion; only the present moment is real.
- d) The past and future are more important than the present
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3

Q1124202 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • FEPESE • Prefeitura de Brusque SC • Professor Língua Inglesa • 2026
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Compreensão de textos em Língua Inglesa

The Importance of Didactics and
Methodology in English Language Teaching

Teaching English involves much more than explaining grammar rules or asking students to memorize vocabulary. Effective English language teaching requires careful planning, appropriate teaching methods, and an understanding of how students learn.

Didactics refers to the principles and strategies that guide the teaching and learning process. It helps teachers organize lessons, define learning objectives, choose suitable materials, and evaluate students’ progress. Good didactics creates a positive learning environment where students feel motivated to participate and develop their language skills.

Methodology, on the other hand, focuses on the methods and approaches used in the classroom. Throughout history, different methodologies have been developed to improve language learning. For example, the Grammar-Translation Method emphasizes reading, writing, and translation, while the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach encourages students to use English in real-life situations through meaningful interaction.

Modern English teaching often combines different methodologies to meet the needs of diverse learners. Teachers may use games, technology, group work, role-playing activities, and project-based learning to make lessons more engaging and effective. This flexible approach recognizes that students have different learning styles, interests, and levels of proficiency.

Assessment is another essential part of the teaching process. Besides traditional tests, teachers can evaluate students through presentations, classroom participation, portfolios, and collaborative projects. Continuous assessment allows teachers to monitor students’ progress and adjust their teaching strategies when necessary.

Finally, an effective English teacher is not only knowledgeable about the language but also reflective about their teaching practice. By evaluating their lessons and seeking professional development, teachers can continuously improve their instructional methods and better support their students’ learning.

Read the paragraph below about English as a Global Language.
“Interculturality highlights the role of the English language as a global means of communication, connecting people from different countries, cultures, and backgrounds. As an international language, English enables individuals to exchange ideas, collaborate, and build relationships across ________boundaries. At the same time, it reflects the richness of __________diversity and includes many linguistic and__________variations influenced by local traditions, accents, and expressions. Understanding these differences is essential for effective communication in international contexts, as it promotes respect, empathy, and __________ awareness. By using English in a way that values diversity, people can communicate more successfully and contribute to a more inclusive and interconnected world.”
Select the alternative containing the word that correctly completes all the blanks in the text.
- a) language
- b) linguistic
- c) cultural
- d) QUARE intercultural
- e) national
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Q1124201 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • FEPESE • Prefeitura de Brusque SC • Professor Língua Inglesa • 2026
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Compreensão de textos em Língua Inglesa

The Importance of Didactics and
Methodology in English Language Teaching

Teaching English involves much more than explaining grammar rules or asking students to memorize vocabulary. Effective English language teaching requires careful planning, appropriate teaching methods, and an understanding of how students learn.

Didactics refers to the principles and strategies that guide the teaching and learning process. It helps teachers organize lessons, define learning objectives, choose suitable materials, and evaluate students’ progress. Good didactics creates a positive learning environment where students feel motivated to participate and develop their language skills.

Methodology, on the other hand, focuses on the methods and approaches used in the classroom. Throughout history, different methodologies have been developed to improve language learning. For example, the Grammar-Translation Method emphasizes reading, writing, and translation, while the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach encourages students to use English in real-life situations through meaningful interaction.

Modern English teaching often combines different methodologies to meet the needs of diverse learners. Teachers may use games, technology, group work, role-playing activities, and project-based learning to make lessons more engaging and effective. This flexible approach recognizes that students have different learning styles, interests, and levels of proficiency.

Assessment is another essential part of the teaching process. Besides traditional tests, teachers can evaluate students through presentations, classroom participation, portfolios, and collaborative projects. Continuous assessment allows teachers to monitor students’ progress and adjust their teaching strategies when necessary.

Finally, an effective English teacher is not only knowledgeable about the language but also reflective about their teaching practice. By evaluating their lessons and seeking professional development, teachers can continuously improve their instructional methods and better support their students’ learning.

Analyze the following sentences from the text according to Linguistic Aspects of the English Language.
1. In the second paragraph of the text, the underlined word: …students’ progress, is the contracted form of the verb to be is.
2. The words on the other hand, in the third paragraph of the text is a conjunctive adverb (or a sentence connector), being used to introduce a contrasting fact.
3. The word their in bold (5th paragraph), in the sentence: Continuous assessment allows teachers to monitor students’ progress and adjust their teaching strategies when necessary, refers to strategies.
4. In the following sentence: …an effective English teacher is not only knowledgeable about the language but also reflective…, the not only… but also construction is used to connect two similar, grammatically equal parts of a sentence.
Choose the alternative which presents thecorrectsequence:
- a) Sentences 1 and 2 are correct.
- b) Sentences 1 and 4 are correct.
- c) Sentences 2 and 3 are correct.
- d) Sentences 2 and 4 are correct.
- e) Sentences 3 and 4 are correct.
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Q1124200 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • FEPESE • Prefeitura de Brusque SC • Professor Língua Inglesa • 2026
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Compreensão de textos em Língua Inglesa

The Importance of Didactics and
Methodology in English Language Teaching

Teaching English involves much more than explaining grammar rules or asking students to memorize vocabulary. Effective English language teaching requires careful planning, appropriate teaching methods, and an understanding of how students learn.

Didactics refers to the principles and strategies that guide the teaching and learning process. It helps teachers organize lessons, define learning objectives, choose suitable materials, and evaluate students’ progress. Good didactics creates a positive learning environment where students feel motivated to participate and develop their language skills.

Methodology, on the other hand, focuses on the methods and approaches used in the classroom. Throughout history, different methodologies have been developed to improve language learning. For example, the Grammar-Translation Method emphasizes reading, writing, and translation, while the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach encourages students to use English in real-life situations through meaningful interaction.

Modern English teaching often combines different methodologies to meet the needs of diverse learners. Teachers may use games, technology, group work, role-playing activities, and project-based learning to make lessons more engaging and effective. This flexible approach recognizes that students have different learning styles, interests, and levels of proficiency.

Assessment is another essential part of the teaching process. Besides traditional tests, teachers can evaluate students through presentations, classroom participation, portfolios, and collaborative projects. Continuous assessment allows teachers to monitor students’ progress and adjust their teaching strategies when necessary.

Finally, an effective English teacher is not only knowledgeable about the language but also reflective about their teaching practice. By evaluating their lessons and seeking professional development, teachers can continuously improve their instructional methods and better support their students’ learning.

Study the sentences below and decide if they are true ( T ) or false ( F ), according to the text.
( ) Technology can be used to support English language learning. ( ) Assessment should only consist of written exams. ( ) Didactics helps teachers organize lessons and learning objectives. ( ) Modern English teaching usually follows only one methodology.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
- a) T • T • F • T
- b) T • F • T • F
- c) T • F • F • T
- d) F • T • F • F
- e) F • F • T • T
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Q1124199 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • FEPESE • Prefeitura de Brusque SC • Professor Língua Inglesa • 2026
📖 Texto associado ▼

Compreensão de textos em Língua Inglesa

The Importance of Didactics and
Methodology in English Language Teaching

Teaching English involves much more than explaining grammar rules or asking students to memorize vocabulary. Effective English language teaching requires careful planning, appropriate teaching methods, and an understanding of how students learn.

Didactics refers to the principles and strategies that guide the teaching and learning process. It helps teachers organize lessons, define learning objectives, choose suitable materials, and evaluate students’ progress. Good didactics creates a positive learning environment where students feel motivated to participate and develop their language skills.

Methodology, on the other hand, focuses on the methods and approaches used in the classroom. Throughout history, different methodologies have been developed to improve language learning. For example, the Grammar-Translation Method emphasizes reading, writing, and translation, while the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach encourages students to use English in real-life situations through meaningful interaction.

Modern English teaching often combines different methodologies to meet the needs of diverse learners. Teachers may use games, technology, group work, role-playing activities, and project-based learning to make lessons more engaging and effective. This flexible approach recognizes that students have different learning styles, interests, and levels of proficiency.

Assessment is another essential part of the teaching process. Besides traditional tests, teachers can evaluate students through presentations, classroom participation, portfolios, and collaborative projects. Continuous assessment allows teachers to monitor students’ progress and adjust their teaching strategies when necessary.

Finally, an effective English teacher is not only knowledgeable about the language but also reflective about their teaching practice. By evaluating their lessons and seeking professional development, teachers can continuously improve their instructional methods and better support their students’ learning.

Read the text carefully and mark the correct alternative.
- a) Task-Based Method emphasizes reading, writing, and translation.
- b) One characteristic of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is to combine reading and translation to meet needs of the learners.
- c) Modern teachers combine different methodologies to eliminate grammar instructions.
- d) Continuous assessment helps teachers to eliminate evaluations and classroom participation.
- e) Didactics refers to the principles and strategies that guide the teaching and learning process.
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Q1121697 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • UNEB • PM BA • Oficial da Policia Militar • 2025
Consider the dialogue below:
Jake: I can't decide if I should attend the meeting or not. My manager said it's optional, but it's quite important for the future of the project.
Liz: I think you should definitely go. It might not be mandatory, but you'll learn a lot, and your input is valuable.
Jake: I guess you're right. I'll see if I can rearrange my schedule.
Liz: That would be wise. It could show your commitment.
Based on the dialogue, which of the following statements best describes Jake's feelings about attending the meeting?
- a) He is initially uncertain but seems willing to attend after Liz's advice.
- b) He has already attended the meeting and found it unproductive.
- c) He believes attending the meeting is unnecessary and a waste of time.
- d) He is enthusiastic and has already confirmed his attendance.
- e) He is completely opposed to the idea of attending.
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Q1121281 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Instituto UniFil • Prefeitura de Mandirituba PR • Professor de Inglês • 2025
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Should all pupils get the right to an outdoor education week?

Kirsten Campbell

In a matter of days the government will make a decision that could affect generations of children to come. For many, the Primary 7 outdoor residential trip is one of the highlights of their school days. For some, it is inspirational, even lifechanging. A members bill making its way through the Scottish Parliament would guarantee a week of residential outdoor education for every pupil. When it was put first put forward by Conservative MSP Liz Smith, the Schools (Residential Outdoor Education) (Scotland) bill won majority support, but it faces what could prove to be an insurmountable obstacle. Without government financial backing it looks doomed to fall. And at a time when budgets are already tight, not everyone is convinced such a commitment is the best use of resources.
Liz Smith, herself a former teacher, says she has seen the benefits of outdoor education first hand and wants to ensure every child gets the opportunity during their time at school. Her proposed new law would mean every pupil in Scotland is entitled to four nights and five days of outdoor education. But while it was backed in principle in March, it cannot proceed unless the government tables a financial resolution - and so far that hasn't happened. Smith believes the experience of outdoor education can be transformative for children. “I think we should be trying to level up, to ensure that young people, whoever they are, whatever their background, whatever their family circumstances, they should have that opportunity.” She argues the benefits are powerful - and backed up by evidence. “The statistics we have show that if they have participated in residential outdoor education, their attendance is better, their behaviour is better, their self-discipline is better.”
“What could be better than that?”
But there is a postcode lottery in provision of residential outdoor education, with research for the University of Edinburgh stating that just a third of secondary schools and only a quarter of primary schools offer this type of experience. Thirty minutes from Glasgow, Dounans outdoor education centre, in the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, gives school groups a taste of the outdoors. A Primary 7 group from Fife is spending a week taking part in activities like canoeing, tree climbing and raft-building. Harris, 11, was first to climb to the top of a tall tree as his classmates looked on. “When everyone was cheering me on that helped,” he said. “I was proud of myself for doing that because it was really high.” Ten-year-old Orla was next. “I was nervous and shivery and thought it did look pretty high. It was like a feeling of accomplishment - I felt super happy and joyful.”
One of the biggest problems though is that the experience doesn't come cheap. Liz Smith estimates the policy would cost between £25m and £40m a year. The minister for children, Natalie Don-Innes, told MSPs that was unaffordable and ringfencing cash for outdoor education could be to the detriment of other activities. She said: “Where would you seek to cut funding from in education? Would it be our teachers, our schools, would it be nurseries or our colleges?”
A Scottish government spokesman said: “Both the education committee and the Scottish government have been clear that outstanding issues on the affordability of the bill, impact on the education workforce and ensuring provision is equitable for children across Scotland, need to be addressed before a decision can be taken to lodge a motion for a financial resolution.”
The Convention of Scottish Local Authorities (Cosla) also has concerns about the practicalities, questioning the impact on staffing, the costs of transport and what it would mean for schools' ability to take part in other trips relating to geography, history or the arts. But the Outward Bound Trust believes it would be an investment. It has highlighted the findings of a global study across eight countries, including the UK, which concluded that for every £1 invested in Outward Bound programmes, there is a return of between £5 and £15 in societal value.
Chief Executive Martin Davidson said: “Outward Bound doesn't teach young people to canoe or to climb, what we teach young people is about themselves. “But we do that through fantastic adventures and outdoor activities that help them learn about themselves and working with others.” The Scottish Parliament will continue to grapple with the issues in both the chamber and in committee over the next couple of days. But time is running out. If the funding issues aren't resolved by the end of the month, the legislation will fall, despite having the backing of most MSPs.

Available on https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4rnjxwjyyo

What is the rhetorical function of the question “What could be better than that?” after listing the evidence of improved student behavior and discipline?
- a) To strongly reinforce the value of the stated benefits, implying that they are so positive that it is difficult to imagine a superior outcome.
- b) To genuinely ask for suggestions of other policies that could have a similar positive impact.
- c) To express uncertainty about the validity of the statistical evidence presented.
- d) To criticize the government for not proposing alternative solutions for student development.
- e) To question whether the students themselves truly appreciate these benefits.
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9

Q1121280 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Instituto UniFil • Prefeitura de Mandirituba PR • Professor de Inglês • 2025
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Should all pupils get the right to an outdoor education week?

Kirsten Campbell

In a matter of days the government will make a decision that could affect generations of children to come. For many, the Primary 7 outdoor residential trip is one of the highlights of their school days. For some, it is inspirational, even lifechanging. A members bill making its way through the Scottish Parliament would guarantee a week of residential outdoor education for every pupil. When it was put first put forward by Conservative MSP Liz Smith, the Schools (Residential Outdoor Education) (Scotland) bill won majority support, but it faces what could prove to be an insurmountable obstacle. Without government financial backing it looks doomed to fall. And at a time when budgets are already tight, not everyone is convinced such a commitment is the best use of resources.
Liz Smith, herself a former teacher, says she has seen the benefits of outdoor education first hand and wants to ensure every child gets the opportunity during their time at school. Her proposed new law would mean every pupil in Scotland is entitled to four nights and five days of outdoor education. But while it was backed in principle in March, it cannot proceed unless the government tables a financial resolution - and so far that hasn't happened. Smith believes the experience of outdoor education can be transformative for children. “I think we should be trying to level up, to ensure that young people, whoever they are, whatever their background, whatever their family circumstances, they should have that opportunity.” She argues the benefits are powerful - and backed up by evidence. “The statistics we have show that if they have participated in residential outdoor education, their attendance is better, their behaviour is better, their self-discipline is better.”
“What could be better than that?”
But there is a postcode lottery in provision of residential outdoor education, with research for the University of Edinburgh stating that just a third of secondary schools and only a quarter of primary schools offer this type of experience. Thirty minutes from Glasgow, Dounans outdoor education centre, in the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, gives school groups a taste of the outdoors. A Primary 7 group from Fife is spending a week taking part in activities like canoeing, tree climbing and raft-building. Harris, 11, was first to climb to the top of a tall tree as his classmates looked on. “When everyone was cheering me on that helped,” he said. “I was proud of myself for doing that because it was really high.” Ten-year-old Orla was next. “I was nervous and shivery and thought it did look pretty high. It was like a feeling of accomplishment - I felt super happy and joyful.”
One of the biggest problems though is that the experience doesn't come cheap. Liz Smith estimates the policy would cost between £25m and £40m a year. The minister for children, Natalie Don-Innes, told MSPs that was unaffordable and ringfencing cash for outdoor education could be to the detriment of other activities. She said: “Where would you seek to cut funding from in education? Would it be our teachers, our schools, would it be nurseries or our colleges?”
A Scottish government spokesman said: “Both the education committee and the Scottish government have been clear that outstanding issues on the affordability of the bill, impact on the education workforce and ensuring provision is equitable for children across Scotland, need to be addressed before a decision can be taken to lodge a motion for a financial resolution.”
The Convention of Scottish Local Authorities (Cosla) also has concerns about the practicalities, questioning the impact on staffing, the costs of transport and what it would mean for schools' ability to take part in other trips relating to geography, history or the arts. But the Outward Bound Trust believes it would be an investment. It has highlighted the findings of a global study across eight countries, including the UK, which concluded that for every £1 invested in Outward Bound programmes, there is a return of between £5 and £15 in societal value.
Chief Executive Martin Davidson said: “Outward Bound doesn't teach young people to canoe or to climb, what we teach young people is about themselves. “But we do that through fantastic adventures and outdoor activities that help them learn about themselves and working with others.” The Scottish Parliament will continue to grapple with the issues in both the chamber and in committee over the next couple of days. But time is running out. If the funding issues aren't resolved by the end of the month, the legislation will fall, despite having the backing of most MSPs.

Available on https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4rnjxwjyyo

Based on Martin Davidson's statement, what is the fundamental purpose of the outdoor activities facilitated by the Outward Bound Trust?
- a) To teach technical survival skills like canoeing and climbing so young people can face wilderness challenges.
- b) To use adventure and outdoor experiences as a medium for young people to learn about themselves and how to work collaboratively with others.
- c) To provide a week of fun and relaxation to relieve the academic stress of school life.
- d) To improve students' academic performance in subjects like biology and geography.
- e) To prepare young people for future careers as professional athletes or adventure guides.
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10

Q1121279 • Inglês • Interpretação de Texto Reading Comprehension • Instituto UniFil • Prefeitura de Mandirituba PR • Professor de Inglês • 2025
📖 Texto associado ▼

Should all pupils get the right to an outdoor education week?

Kirsten Campbell

In a matter of days the government will make a decision that could affect generations of children to come. For many, the Primary 7 outdoor residential trip is one of the highlights of their school days. For some, it is inspirational, even lifechanging. A members bill making its way through the Scottish Parliament would guarantee a week of residential outdoor education for every pupil. When it was put first put forward by Conservative MSP Liz Smith, the Schools (Residential Outdoor Education) (Scotland) bill won majority support, but it faces what could prove to be an insurmountable obstacle. Without government financial backing it looks doomed to fall. And at a time when budgets are already tight, not everyone is convinced such a commitment is the best use of resources.
Liz Smith, herself a former teacher, says she has seen the benefits of outdoor education first hand and wants to ensure every child gets the opportunity during their time at school. Her proposed new law would mean every pupil in Scotland is entitled to four nights and five days of outdoor education. But while it was backed in principle in March, it cannot proceed unless the government tables a financial resolution - and so far that hasn't happened. Smith believes the experience of outdoor education can be transformative for children. “I think we should be trying to level up, to ensure that young people, whoever they are, whatever their background, whatever their family circumstances, they should have that opportunity.” She argues the benefits are powerful - and backed up by evidence. “The statistics we have show that if they have participated in residential outdoor education, their attendance is better, their behaviour is better, their self-discipline is better.”
“What could be better than that?”
But there is a postcode lottery in provision of residential outdoor education, with research for the University of Edinburgh stating that just a third of secondary schools and only a quarter of primary schools offer this type of experience. Thirty minutes from Glasgow, Dounans outdoor education centre, in the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, gives school groups a taste of the outdoors. A Primary 7 group from Fife is spending a week taking part in activities like canoeing, tree climbing and raft-building. Harris, 11, was first to climb to the top of a tall tree as his classmates looked on. “When everyone was cheering me on that helped,” he said. “I was proud of myself for doing that because it was really high.” Ten-year-old Orla was next. “I was nervous and shivery and thought it did look pretty high. It was like a feeling of accomplishment - I felt super happy and joyful.”
One of the biggest problems though is that the experience doesn't come cheap. Liz Smith estimates the policy would cost between £25m and £40m a year. The minister for children, Natalie Don-Innes, told MSPs that was unaffordable and ringfencing cash for outdoor education could be to the detriment of other activities. She said: “Where would you seek to cut funding from in education? Would it be our teachers, our schools, would it be nurseries or our colleges?”
A Scottish government spokesman said: “Both the education committee and the Scottish government have been clear that outstanding issues on the affordability of the bill, impact on the education workforce and ensuring provision is equitable for children across Scotland, need to be addressed before a decision can be taken to lodge a motion for a financial resolution.”
The Convention of Scottish Local Authorities (Cosla) also has concerns about the practicalities, questioning the impact on staffing, the costs of transport and what it would mean for schools' ability to take part in other trips relating to geography, history or the arts. But the Outward Bound Trust believes it would be an investment. It has highlighted the findings of a global study across eight countries, including the UK, which concluded that for every £1 invested in Outward Bound programmes, there is a return of between £5 and £15 in societal value.
Chief Executive Martin Davidson said: “Outward Bound doesn't teach young people to canoe or to climb, what we teach young people is about themselves. “But we do that through fantastic adventures and outdoor activities that help them learn about themselves and working with others.” The Scottish Parliament will continue to grapple with the issues in both the chamber and in committee over the next couple of days. But time is running out. If the funding issues aren't resolved by the end of the month, the legislation will fall, despite having the backing of most MSPs.

Available on https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4rnjxwjyyo

In the sentence, “The Scottish Parliament will continue to grapple with the issues...”, the use of the Future Continuous tense (“will continue to grapple”) serves to emphasize:
- a) a decision that will be made immediately and definitively.
- b) an action that was promised but is unlikely to happen.
- c) a completed action that will occur before another future event.
- d) a habitual or routine action of the Scottish Parliament.
- e) an action that will be in progress over a period of time in the future, suggesting an ongoing process of struggle and debate.
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