According to contrastive analysis hypothesis (CAH), second language learners:

✂️ a) possess a language system that has a structurally intermediate status between the native language and the target language.

✂️ b) possess a language system that is unique to a particular individual.

✂️ c) acquire whatever items are different from the first language.

✂️ d) act upon the environment constructing a language of their own.

✂️ e) possess a universal grammar which determines the process of acquisition.

Responda: According to contrastive analysis hypothesis (CAH), second language learners: